"Angara" (booster): ngā me te oma

Flying i roto i te wāhi i runga i te tekau tau mua i muri i meinga kia auau te whakarewatanga o nga āmiorangi tuatahi e kore ko te tino āta te tangata toharite i roto i te huarahi i muri ratou e matakitaki ana. I roto i te āmionga Earth huri tonu rau o ngā pūrere mō ngā take rerekē. Ko te āmiorangi whakarato kōrero, tirotiro, whakaterenga, kei te whakamahia ratou mo te rangahau, me te riro kuku rite waia o te ora hou, pērā i waea pūtau, kaipānui taiaho, ranei PC, e whakatupuranga o mua taea anake moemoea maia.

Ko te horihori ahanoa wāhi e hiahiatia ana ki te whakaatu i te āmionga e hiahiatia ana, a ko reira i roto i te mahi taua rite nga ratonga transportation tino noa hurihia ei autoenterprises, Air, kamupene kaipuke haere reriwe. Russia - te rangatira ao i roto i te tuku o āmiorangi i tata-Earth wāhi. Mokowā tākirirangi "Angara", āhua, ka hohoro hei te taputapu matua mo te mahi.

Mō te kaha turai

I muri i te parariraa o te USSR, ko Russia ture tangohia o tona cosmodrome matua, ko Baikonur i te rohe, me te kua riro he Kazakh. Hei whakamahi i te reira, o te akoranga, ka taea, engari mo e hiahia ana koe ki te utu inaianei, me he torutoru rawa. Ko te take he aha te Pads whakarewa o te Soviet tuatahi waka ātea hanga i roto i te wahi tonga o te whenua, ohie. Ko te ofi ki te weheruatanga o te cosmodrome, te nui te kaha turai meinga e huringa o te ao i runga i tona tuaka. Nä, ko te kaha o te mahara ki te hinga māmā te pere titau te reira iti wahie (atu tauira: mātārae Canaveral Guinea). ti'aturiraa o Russia i runga i whenua ke, ara rawa hoa, he houhou. Cosmodrome "Plesetsk" me "Te Tai Rāwhiti" - tenei Pads whakarewatanga hou i nei tūmanakohia te i roto i te heke mai ki te kawe i te whakarewatanga. "Angara", he whakatupuranga hou o te kawe tākirirangi, ki kia kaha nui ki te tuu i roto i te āmionga taonga arumoni i ahopae te raki o Baikonur.

mahi CB

Ko te tohunga Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva me mahi i roto i te mahi tahi ki a ratou CB ( "Energy", Bureau ko V. P. Makeeva, "Energomash" me etahi atu.) Kua tēra ki te waihanga i tētahi matatini, ratou kaha puta noa i te tūāwhiorangi kawe whakamahia i mua. ngā hangaia ēnei i roto i Ukraine "iraoho", "Huripari" me "Zenit-2". Katoa o enei tauira o te hangarau wāhi ko ki te whakakapi i te tākirirangi "Angara". āhuatanga Hangarau o momo rerekē o pāpāho rerekē i roto i te matotoru, me te taimaha o te ututaumaha ki āmio. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i ma'á, e hiahiatia ana he huarahi ariā hou.

Tuatahi Tuarua Kaiwhakahaere General o ratou SPC. Khrunichev AA Medvedev i roto i tona mahi i runga i te tākutatanga kaupapa. I muri mai, ka arahina e ia i te rōpū hoahoa.

Ko te hoahoa modular

pāpāho Soviet i hanga i runga i te parau tumu modular te timatanga. I te "Vostok" engines i whakanohoia i roto i wha pōkai e karapoti missiles takere. kihai i mahi noa ki te waihanga i tētahi pūnaha rawa kaha e taea o kawe utanga taimaha ki te ohuraa te aroaro o kaihoahoa State Space Khrunichev Research me Production Center. i ratou ki te hoahoa i tētahi whānau o waka o aravihi rerekē mo te tuku o ngā wāhi e tata ana-whenua ki papatipu rerekē. Heoi i reira ko tetahi raupapa o "Angara".

Kei roto Booster i roto i tona hoahoa he kōwae ao i roto i taatou "Hangar 1.1" me "1.2 Angar". hanga e toru ma rima ranei ngakau kaha nui mō ngā akomanga muri "Angara-A3" me "Angara-A5". Tenei Māoritanga homai te ngäwari pūnaha me faarahi te pūmanawa arumoni o te ti'amâraa wāhi Russian, whai i te haere noa ki te hei huarahi ngāwari, me te karo i ngā utu faufaa.

Tera atu ano tetahi rerekētanga rautaki nui me te painga, āhuatanga nei i te "Angara" - booster tino hanga i roto i Russia me tae mai ngā wae anake kāinga me hahi. ngā Tata whakaatu te moni ōhanga o te mana arii rangi, me te hangarau o te Russian Federation.

raraunga hangarau

Ko te taupū matua - taimaha, e taea te hoatu ki te ohuraa te tākirirangi "Angara". āhuatanga Hangarau whakawhirinaki i runga i te maha ngā i roto i tona hoahoa o kōwae ao. putanga I tino kaha o te kawe (raupapa A-7, kia rite ki te maha PA) i te katoa taimaha o runga 1,100 toni ututaumaha ki runga ki te 35 taranata. Ko e pā ana ki rite nui tenei rite ia i taea e whakaara te "iraoho-M", timata mai i Baikonur. Ko te piha haapiiraa waenganui ko te putanga o te A-3, e taea te kawe ake i te reira ki te 14.6 taranata, ia e ata ia 481 ton. I te pae hopea, te tākirirangi māmā - "Angara", te āhuatanga o e hāngai ki te taonga e kore rawa mōmona, me te taimaha, e hiahia maha ki te whakaatu i roto i te wāhi (3.8 toni).

I tua atu ki te ngāwari o te whirihoranga, i reira he tetahi take nui e faarahi te whakataetae o te Russian te hōpara ātea arumoni. hanga te hoahoa modular reira māmā me te iti te tuku o te pāpāho ki te pae whakarewatanga. Rockets taea kawea ara te tereina whakawete.

take taiao

Te whakamahi heptyl rite wahie mo waka taimaha i roto i te taha ki te hāora tino paitini hanga te ati o te contamination taiao o te rohe i roto i te take o te aituā atu āhuatanga ohorere ranei. Ko te pūtake o ia kōwae tākirirangi ao, e ngā o kawe "Angar" RD-191 ko te pūkaha mahi i runga i karahīni RG-1. liquefied te kaihoko oxidizing te hāora, e tino whakanuia ana te haumaru o te pūnaha, me te whakaiti pānga kino i runga i te taiao. Ai ia kōwae ao 212,6 e hangaia aki.

hoahoa

i whakaaetia hoahoa ariā e Yu. N. Koptevym, upoko o Rosaviakosmos, ka whakaaetia e te Tāhuhu o Defence, i roto i tona mana ngā mahi KB. kotahi tekau nga tau i haere te mahi, pera kua he hua o te tauira taketake kua whakamatauria. I roto i te tau 2008, i te kōwae pere ahi whakamātautau uouangataha i runga i Chemical Engineering (FSE "E Ta RCP"). Na, i roto i te 2009, i haere te pera-ka karanga "whakamātautau makariri" arowhai me ngā pūnaha waipēhi pae, wae wahie ki wāhanga wahie. Hei whakamutunga, ka mau te arotake whānui o te URM kōpuku katoa "Angara" wahi i roto i te 2010. whakaaturia Booster i whakahaere. I turia i te whakamātautau hahi tūmatanui katoa me ngā pūnaha. Na i runga i atamira he whakamātautau rere.

Ko te ngana tuatahi ki te tīmata

Ko nga mea katoa kia te tātai tangohia, a pehea te kore e te whakarewatanga angitu pai haere whenua me te pae whakamātautau, te taunaki matua o tetahi hangarau wāhi mahi. I whakaritea te reira e te Pipiri 27, 2014 i te cosmodrome Plesetsk whakarewahia "Angara". Booster i waho pa āmionga ki whakaara te rua te atamira tahi ki te tauira e simulates te ututaumaha i runga i te trajectory ballistic ki te hinga i te 5.7 mano. Km ka hinga i roto i te rohe i homai o Kamchatka (te pae whakamātautau Kura). E kore taua ra i tupu. Hoki e pā ana ki tekau ma rima meneti i mua i te tīmatanga o te pūnaha aroturuki aunoa whakarato mōhiohio e pā ana ki te arā o te pūnaha wahie, faaite i roto i te maturuturunga iho pēhanga i roto i te āpitihāora wai pane. Kua mutu te wā pōhi i Prelaunch. Pea te peresideni o Russia me pouri no te mea o tenei kore, engari, āhua, i hari e haukotia te pūnaha atamai he kino nui nui.

rere noa

ka patai Fuel, atu ka mau te tākirirangi i te papa whakarewatanga, ka waiho i raro ki te taki tino i runga i ngā pūnaha whakaminenga katoa me te matatini whakamātautau. ka mau te reira i roa atu tūmanakohia, na ka oho ano te tīmatanga. I te pae hopea, ka mau te reira wahi, tupu te reira Hōngongoi 9. whakaritea te whati i roto i te aratau noa. I muri i 43 hēkona o te meneti 4 i muri i whawhati atu whakarewatanga, a hinga ana ki te moana Pechora taahiraa tuatahi. Kua tīmata ano te atamira te rua te pūkaha i muri i te 2 hēkona, mahi ia 8 meneti. 11 hēk. puta Tautuhi fairing 10 hēkona i muri i te wehenga atamira tuatahi. I roto i te whānui, ka haere pai nga mea katoa mo te hoahoa raupapa homai. Ko te whati katoa ki Kamchatka ka mau 21 meneti.

Ko te heke mai o "Angara"

Ki tīmata rā e rua, me e rua i angitu. I roto i te tuarua i runga i te āmionga mautū i whakarewahia tahora rua-ton, e te mea ka raro ki te waipuke i roto i te moana. I roto i te wā e rua, whakamahia he whakarerekē i te māmā, i te hiahia mō te tuku i roto i te wāhi e tata-whenua 35 taranata ano, ahakoa te tākirirangi "Angara" Whakatakotoranga A-7 tukua e.

Ko reira taea e i muri i te upooti'araa i te raruraru ōhanga ao, mahi tahi te ao i roto i te wāhi ka tae te wā hou o te whanaketanga, i reira ka kia ISS hou, i te whakaaro o te rere interplanetary ranei. I roto i te take whakamutunga, ka riro i te pāpāho tino kaha te waka, ka tangohia nei ki te ohuraa he waka ātea nui i roto i nga wahi mo te whakaminenga.

I roto i te takiwa, he tīmata i runga i tohu "e whakaheke i" mō rōnihi topu mahi.