Antiochus Cantemir: biography. Mahi Antioha Dmitrievicha Kantemira

Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir - tetahi o nga whika kānapanapa o era ahurea Haupū (te tino pokea ana o te tuhinga i mua ki te whakahounga Lomonosov). I tino whakawhanakehia ia tuakiri, whai wāhi i roto i te tuhinga e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te tōrangapū: puritia e ia pou takawaenga raro Catherine I. Kia kia maheni o ofi ange ki tona mahi me te haurongo.

Antiochus Cantemir: he haurongo poto

whanau Antiochus i roto i 1708 i roto i te utuafare rangatira ki pakiaka Romanian. Tona papa, Dmitry K., ko te rangatira o te kawanatanga Mōtāwhiana, ko tona whaea, Cassandra, no ki te whānau tawhito, me te rangatira o Cantacuzino. I whanau ia, ka pau nga tau tuatahi o tona ora i roto i Constantinople (inaianei Istanbul), me i roto i te puna 1712 oho te whānau ki te Russian Empire.

Te whānau Antiochus Kantemir ko te whakaotinga. He ko 6 tamariki: 4 tama a 2 tamahine (Maria, kapakara, Matthew, Sergei, Constantine ko Anatioka). riro ratou katoa he mātauranga pai i te kāinga, engari ka mau anake to tatou hero painga o ngā whai wāhitanga, ka tonu whakangungu i roto i Greco-Slavic Academy. Ngā mihi ki te ngakau nui, me te matewai mo te matauranga, ka Prince Antiochus Cantemir tetahi o te iwi tino marama, me te ahu whakamua o te rau tau 18!

I muri i tu'ite, piri te taitamariki Antiochus te Preobrazhensky Regiment, a rawa hohoro whakatika ki te paetukutuku o te kara. I roto i enei tau (1726-1728 gg.), Tae ia kauwhau whare wānanga Bernoulli ko Gross i roto i te Russian Academy o Sciences.

mahi Ko te tuatahi o te kaituhi

Ko te timatanga o nga ara auaha i te kaituhi i taua wa, ka kite hapori i tauhohenga mamae ki te whakatārewatanga o te whakahounga o Pita I. Antiochus ia ko ha tokotaha muimui 'o ngā kōrero tuku iho a Pita, na i roto i 1727 honoa e ia te rōpū, i ahu e Feofan Prokopovich. I roto i ana mahi i matou i te mana nui enei whakaaro tūmatanui.

Ko te tino tuatahi o tona mahi i tuhituhia rite te aratohu mahi ki nga irava Bibilia me waiata, i huaina ai "Symphony o Psalms ki". I te 1726 ka kawea e ia tona papa'i Catherine ahau, ka rite ki te tohu o te whakaute, me te hopohopo. Ko te tino pai ki ana kupu te kuini, a ka tāngia te tuhinga putanga o 1000 kape.

Ko te pukapuka tino rongonui Cantemir

I muri mai, ka anga ia ki te iriti i te ngā mahi ke, te nuinga - kua iritihia te reira i French. Ko te mahi tino rongonui, i whakaaetia te reira rite he kaiwhakamāori nui - he whakamāoritanga o Fontenelle. Antiochus Kantemir rite kihai anake te kōrero mātau o te pukapuka "Te korero e pā ana ki te kanorau o ao", engari tāpiri hoki he wāhanga o ona whakaaro ake, me te kōrero. Ahakoa te ru o te pukapuka i roto i te whenua Pākehā tokomaha, i Russia, i rāhuitia ana mahi i te Empress, no te mea te reira te whakapae contradicts nga turanga o te morare, me te karakia.

Antiochus Cantemir: mahi o pūhohe

whakaaro Anatioka te te kaiwhakarewa o tenei ahua o te tuhinga, ka rite ki te pūhohe. whakahe tona rotarota tuatahi filí Sciences. Ko tētahi o nga mahi tino rongonui ko "Hei kanga parau haapiiraa. Ki tona whakaaro," i roto i tenei mahi, ia ho'i korero o te hunga e whakaaro a ratou "tangata whakaaro nui", engari "i roto i Zlatoust ranei matau."

ka mau te puawai o tona mahi auaha wahi i roto i te tau 1727-1730. I roto i te 1729, i hanga tetahi raupapa katoa o ratou versification Sapphire. Tapeke 9 tuhituhi ia pūhohe, i konei ko te rongonui tino o ratou:

• "Ki te hae o te zloenravnyh rangatira" - tawai nga rangatira, e i ngaro tona taketake whanonga pai, me te tawhiti i muri i te ahurea.
• "I runga i te rerekētanga i waenganui i nga hiahia tangata" - ko reira he ahua o te karere ki te Archbishop o Novgorod, i kitea nga hara me nga hiahia o te feia faatere hahi matua.
• "Ko te kāpasá pono" - te mahi o kaituhi Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir mau a'oraa i runga i te pātai tonu o te ora, me te homai i te whakahoki "anake te manaakitia i roto i tenei ora nei he ihirangi ki iti, me te ora i roto i te rangimarie."

mahi āhuatanga

Te nuinga i tika ki tona whakapono whaiaro rangatira Sapphire. i pera mateaki ki Russia Prince Antiochus Cantemir ka aroha te iwi Russian, e ko tona whāinga matua ki te mahi i nga mea katoa mo to ratou oranga. I mamae ia ki nga tikanga hou e katoa o Pita ahau, a ka kua ore te kingi ia whakaaro mo ana tautooraa i roto i te whanaketanga mātauranga. ana whakaaro katoa nuitia kī i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai. Ko te āhuatanga matua o ona whiti me tito ko Käti te ngohengohe, he ki tonu i te anga mālohi ana mahi, me te hapa soperezhevany pouri e pā ana ki te heke o tokomaha o nga mau tautooraa nui o Pita I.

Etahi mea e he taea ki te hanga pūhohe tōrangapū kia hohonu i roto i te wheako rite karere ki Ingarangi anake Antiochus Cantemir, tona haurongo he āwangawanga ki te mahi tūmatanui hoki,. Ko reira i reira e riro ia te matauranga nui e pā ana ki te hanganga o te kāwanatanga, ka mohio ki te mahi o te Western Māmá nui: auaha Horace, Huwena, Boileau ko Pahia i te mana rahi i runga i tona mahi.

mahi State Antioha Kantemira

Cantemir Anatioka Dmitrievich (te tu'atiraa rahi haurongo ki te ngā tahuri i roto i te aamu o te Russian Empire) ko he kaitautoko o te whakahounga o Pita ahau, na i roto i 1731 korero ia i ki te pire, i whakaarohia ki te tautapa rangatira tika tōrangapū. Heoi, koa ia te manakohia o te Empress Anny Ioannovny, kua nui wāhi ai ki te whakahörapatanga o ana mahi.

Ahakoa tona tamarikitanga, i taea ki te whakatutuki angitu nui i roto i fetu'utaki mo e kakaí Antiochus Kantemir. Ko ia te tangata e awhinatia te Empress ki te tango ia wahi tika rite i whakamahere i te māngai o te Kaunihera Hupirimi ki te atamira i te tahuritanga. kohia Antiochus Cantemir maha waitohu o nga rangatira, me te tahi atu rangatira o rarangi rerekē, a ka fakatāutaha mauria Trubetskoy me Cherkasky i Empress Palace. Hoki ana ratonga i aroha farii ia ki moni, ka whakaritea ki te karere takawaenga ki Ingarangi.

rarangi takawaenga

I te timatanga o 1732 i te tau o 23 tau, haere ia ki Rānana, ki te mahi i nga mau ohipa o te noho takawaenga. Ahakoa te kore o ngā pūkenga reo, me te kore o te wheako, i taea ki te hanga whakatutukitanga nui i roto i te whakatairanga i te ngākau nuitanga o te Russian Empire ia. Ko te British korero ratou o ia hei tōrangapū pono, me te aau. meka Interesting: ko ia te karere Russian tuatahi i roto i te whenua te uru.

Ti'a ki Ingarangi i mahi a ia i te kura takawaenga pai, a i muri i te 6 tau o te taviniraa i roto i London, i whakawhitia e ia ki a France. whakahaere ia ki te hanga i te hononga pai ki maha whika French: Maupertuis, Montesquieu me etahi atu.

Ko 1735-1740-doma rawa taimaha i roto i nga whanaunga Russian-French, i reira i ngā ngā whakahēnga, engari te whakawhetai ki te mau tautooraa o Cantemir, kua maha ngā take whakatauria i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa rangimārie.

mahi Tuhinga

I roto i te katoa tuhituhi ia e pā ana ki 150 mahi, i roto i nei i reira e Sapphire rotarota, tito, epigrams, odes me whakamāoritanga i Wīwī. Kua ora ratou ki tenei ra, engari i ngaro etahi o ona whakamāoritanga nui. He whakaaro e i whakangaromia ratou āta.

Hei tauira, te whakarau tonu unknown o maniusikilipi "Epictetus", "Persian Letters" me maha atu huriraa o ngā tuhinga i Wīwī ki Russian.

hainatia etahi o ana mahi Antiochus Cantemir i raro i te ingoa o Hariton Makentin e ko he pūrite o tona ingoa, me te ingoa. Ko ia whakakake o tona mahi, engari e kore ratou e kite i te marama: i reira i ngaro tata whārangi katoa o te tuhinga.

Tona tukufakaholo tuhituhi he nui atu i te kotahi rau me te rima tekau mahi, tae atu 9 versification Sapphire, 5 waiata (ode), 6 tito, 15 epigrams (3 o e kua huaina "ngā kōrero ā-", ka tohu toru nga wahi o te hua kotahi), e pā ana ki 50 whakamāoritanga, mahi 2-3 translation nui i kaituhi Wīwī nei nga to'utangata o Cantemir.

He aha te koha i hanga e Antiochus i tuhinga Russian?

Tona faufaa i roto i te hītori o te whanaketanga me te hanganga o Russian tahito, me te tuhinga hou, he uaua ki te pe si◊aki. I muri i nga take katoa i whakaarahia i roto i ana mahi, e hāngai ana ki te ra hakari: .. ti'aoro i ki nga minita o te kaha, mahi ture o rangatira me ngā mema o ratou utuafare, me ētahi atu Cantemir ko te matua o tenei momo o te tuhinga, ka rite ki te pūhohe. ui tetahi ai te mea i taea e kia pouri rangatira pekanga, a hoki i tuhituhi e ia he pūhohe? Ko te whakahoki takoto i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai, i roto i nei mohio ia anake te tikanga pono o te tangata e homai ki a ia i te itoito no te tuhituhi i te taua mahi Sapphire oto. Ratau, i tapa te kupu "tangata" ia Cantemir!

i te pou o te karere i roto i te Paris i te pānga kino i runga i tona hauora, i ko kua ngoikore tika ki te mate kōhungahunga - koroputaputa. Kia aroha mai, i Cantemir ki mau i te mate roa, me te mamae. mate ia i roto i Paris i te 1744 i te tau o 37 tau. I tanumia ia i roto i St. Nicholas Kariki ohu whakapono, kei nei i roto i Moscow.