Engineering pūkoro

Katoa rauropi ora tito o ngā pūtau: i huakita ki whakangote teitei. kaiao Higher ngā o whēkau, ngā whēkau o te kopa, kua tito te kopa o ngā pūtau. nga āhuatanga katoa o tetahi kaiao e whakaritea e tona genome, e ko i te pūtau (i roto i tetahi o nga pūtau o te rauropi).

E ai ki etahi raraunga, te genome o namu noa me te tangata e te toru pito taua. Kahore he mea maere i roto i tenei. Pūtake o ira - waikawa deoxyribonucleic - DNA - te maua e te kōrero katoa e pā ana ki te hanganga o te pūmua katoa, me te mataora o te rauropi, i te wahi o "ahua", te rahi me te taimaha o nga tauira o nga momo, āhua hoatu, kei te kore e pera te nui. I roto i te poto, he tino tika, me te kukuwhatanga i te tetahi hononga ira te puutahitanga Darwin me rere me te tangata. A e kore e tenei karakia fehangahangai, mai pupuritia reira te meka anake o te hanganga o te ora e te Atua, engari e kore e whakahaere i te hangarau iho.

Gene me Cell Engineering (tenei ariā kotahi) ni'ai te te hononga i waenganui i te pūrere DNA me ngā āhuatanga tuku o kaiao. O te akoranga, kua patu i te reira ki taua tikanga, e kua whakamahia, hei tauira, i te wa o Mendel, a kore rawa i kaha ki te moemoea.

Ko tikanga engineering pūtau i tenei wā e te tohunga he whatiwhatinga o DNA i kaiao rerekē, a whakaurua ratou ki te DNA o te kaiao tīpakohia rite te ahanoa o ako. Tenei tikanga ko te reo o te pūtaiao e rite ngā hangarau ka karanga, ko te faaiteraa o te DNA recombinant. Ka rite ki tangohia te taputapu kei o here paru - whākōkī kitakita motuhake e taea o piri DNA. E huaina ratou arä - maripi koiora.

He te ira (transgene) kohia i whatiwhatinga mea, whakaurua ai ki te rāpoi ngota pītauira, ka karanga te vector, a whakawhiti reira ki ngā pūtau i reira tukurua reira (whakanuia) anake i muri i te whakakotahi ki te "Māori" pūira ranei. Here i reira he fifi nui ki te taputapu, no te mea he tika te rauemi ki te tomo ki te pūtau mōkitokito e kaha, engari e pokaia ki tona tapatahi ki waho. Hoki tenei i reira ko te rota o tikanga rawa mātanga no ki ara tūturu hanga tenei taea. O te akoranga, i reira he kahore mea ngaro, e kore kua tika kukuwhatanga whakaratohia tetahi, i runga i te anga ke, hoatu e ahau he paihere o tutukitanga i roto i te kōwhiringa tūturu.

He whāinga e maua e te engineering pūtau: whiwhi taero, whakakorenga o ngā momo-kounga tiketike o te uwhi, te hanga o ahu hou o kararehe, a ka rite ki te wāhi teitei - hoko whakakahoretia o matou civilisation mo mate katoa. Ko te hunga e tautohe (kore e hiahia ki te karanga obscurantist ratou) kia puritia i roto i te ngakau, kua ora e kotahi anake taiāki waihanga a ka whakaora milioni o wharewhare, me roa to ratou oraraa no te tekau tau!

He āwangawanga e pā ana ki engineering ira mai i tona whanau i roto i 1972, ka synthesized he rōpū o P. Berg (USA) te DNA recombinant tuatahi i SV40 huaketo oncogenic me makimaki E.coli. Last - ko E. coli, kahore e kore e taea e te tangata e ora. A hanga ana e ia he huaketo e ai te mate pukupuku. E mooni wehi pūtaiao, a kihai noa tonu ki te mahi i taua wa. He ko o tautuhinga rangahau he wā roa i raro i te mana tino o te kāwanatanga, i te mea rite ki te mana o te mahi i runga i patu karihi.

Aua'e, he rite i roto i te matatini me te utu o te rangahau ngota te whīwhiwhi me te utu o nga mahi ira koiora, a na reira e kore e taea ki kohuru e pea.

I roto i te meka, tenei engineering pūtau - he hoari rua matarua - taea kia maha nga tau o te ora e hoatu ana e ia he tangata rite hiahia ia ia, engari ka taea e hoki marohirohi reira kino e wehingia ana mō ngā mea ora katoa. Kaua e tautohe, e whakamatauria te anga ke, me te "utu take" mohiotia te. Tei te reira katoa i runga i nei ma ranei ringa paru ko te engineering pūtau. A, no te take whāinga, ka taea e kore whakakahore reira e kore te pana i mua. Ko te kaupapa ki ona ture kāinga te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao.