Engines Nuclear mō spaceships

Kua Russia kua me tonu ko te rangatira i roto i te mara o te kaha wāhi karihi. Experience i roto i te hoahoa, te hanga, tono me te mahi o te waka ātea rawa ki ngā puna mana karihi he whakahaere pērā i te RSC "Energy" me "Roskosmos". pūkaha karihi taea ki te mahi i te waka rererangi mō tau maha, hanga ratou pai atu mahi tamau.

lekooti hītori

Ko te whakamahi o te pūngao karihi i roto i te wāhi ko te kore he pakimaero i roto i te 70-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. I whakarewahia te engines karihi tuatahi i roto i 1970-1988 ki wāhi, me te pai e whakamahia ana i roto i te wāhi waka (SV) kitenga o "US-A". E tono ana ratou ki te pūnaha thermoelectric o te tipu te mana karihi (NPP) "Buck" mana hiko o 3 Kw.

I roto i te 1987-1988 rua ngā pūrere "wē-A" ki thermionic NPP "topaha" kua 5 Kw kua wāhi rere-whakamatautau, i roto i nei i whakatinana tuatahi mana toko hiko (ere) i te puna mana karihi.

He matatini o whenua karihi whakamātautau mana thermionic tāutanga karihi "Yenisei" mana o 5 Kw. I runga i enei hangarau whakawhanakehia kaupapa thermionic kaha te mana karihi o 25-100 Kw.

MP "Hercules"

RSC "Energy" i roto i te o 70 tīmata te rapua pūtaiao, me te mahi, te whakaaro o i ko ki te waihanga i tētahi pūkaha wāhi karihi kaha mō te interorbital tug (MB) "Hercules". arahina mahi ki te turanga mo te maha nga tau o te toko hiko karihi (YAERDU) ki thermionic kaha te mana karihi o te torutoru - rau o watt me toko hiko kaha wae o tekau ki rau o watt.

tawhā Hoahoa MP "Hercules":

• mana hiko whai hua o te mana karihi - 550 Kw;
• motuhake toko hiko hihiko - 30 km / s;
• aki toko Electric - 26 H;
• rauemi NPP me toko hiko - 16,000 haora;
• mahi tinana toko hiko - hautūāpōkere;
• taimaha (maroke) tug - 14,5-15,7 t, tae atu Nei - 6.9 taranata.

Contemporary

I roto i te rau tau XXI tenei i te wa ki te hanga i tētahi pūkaha karihi hou mō te wāhi. I roto i te Oketopa 2009, i te hui o te hou Russian kaupapa "Creation o waka me te kōwae pūngao ki te tāutanga megawatt-piha o te mana karihi" te Komihana o kua mana whakaaetia e te Kaunihera peresideniraa mō te ao hou, me te Hangarau Whanaketanga o Economy a Russia. He ārahi ngā:

• tipu piere - JSC "NIKIET".
• Karihi te tipu te mana ki te ara iahiko mana faafariuraa hau mīhini huri hiko, e hāngai ana i runga i te motors toko hiko, me te YAERDU electrorocket katote i roto i te whānui - SSC "Research Centre. M. V. Keldysha ", i te mea ano hoki te kawenga mō te whakahaere o te hōtaka o te whanaketanga o te waka, me te kōwae pūngao (tem) rite te katoa.
• RSC "Energy" rite te kaihoahoa tem whānui me te whakawhanake i tētahi mīhini aunoa ki tenei kōwae.

Ngā āhuatanga o te tāutanga hou

pūkaha karihi New mō te wāhi Russia mahere ki te tīmata mahi arumoni i roto i te tau i muri mai torutoru. āhuatanga matapae o te whai YAERDU hau mīhini huri hiko. Ko te piere whakamahia piere kaitiaki nohopuku hau-matao o, te pāmahana o te inu mahi (he ranunga o ia / Xe) i mua i te mīhini huri hiko - 1500 K, te tōtika o te tahuri waiariki pūngao ki pūngao hiko - 35%, whakamahana-momo mātao - maturuturu. Unit Taumaha (piere, tiaki radiation, me te pūnaha faafariuraa, engari kahore te pouaka kaituku) - 6800 kg.

Space engines karihi (mana karihi, te mana karihi, tahi me EPS) mahere ki te whakamahi i:

• Hei wāhanga o waka wāhi heke mai.
• Ka rite ki puna o hiko mō ngā pūnaha pūngao-kaha, me te waka ātea.
• Hei whakaoti i te raruraru tuatahi e rua i roto i te waka, me te pūngao kōwae ki te whakarite i te tuku o spaceships electrorocket taimaha, me waka i runga i te āmionga mahi me wā roa-atu supply pūngao o te taputapu.

Ko te parau tumu o te mahi o te pūkaha karihi

I rānei i te kōtuitui o karihi i runga i te whakamahi o te wehenga pūngao ranei o wahie karihi ki te hanga i te akina jet. Wehewehe ngā momo tāutanga pini-taikaha, me te inu. E faatae mai Blast tipu ki wāhi iti poma ngota e detonating atu he torutoru mita, panaia te hau te kaipuke i mua. I roto i te mahi, e kore e taua pūrere whakamahia.

engines toko wai, i runga i te tahi atu te ringa, kua roa kua whakawhanakehia, ka whakamatautau. Hoki i nga 60raa, kua hangaia tohunga Soviet he tauira taea RD-0410. I whakawhanakehia ēnei pūnaha i roto i te United States. hāngai ana ratou parau tumu i runga i te whakawera o te wai karihi paku-piere, kua tahuri ai ki te mamaoa me te hanga he awa jet, e pana te waka ātea. Ahakoa ka karanga te pūrere ko te wai rite te inu mahi, whakamahia te nuinga hauwai te. Ko tētahi atu whakaaro o ngā pūnaha karihi wāhi - hiko powered onboard whatunga (taputapu) kaipuke me āmiorangi.

pūrere aratuku taumaha kōrero wāhi ao

I te kau, he tīmata i runga i engines karihi mō te wāhi kia e ka whakamahia i roto i kōrero wāhi taputapu taimaha mahi. RSC "Energía" Kua kawea atu rangahau me whakaaro o te pūnaha kōrero wāhi ao ko öhanga whakataetae ki te waea pūkoro cheap e i mahara ki te whakatutuki i te whakawhiti o "utu waea" i te whenua ki te wāhi.

Ko te hiahiatanga mo ratou hanga he:

• tata oti whakakī o te āmionga mautū (GEO) āmiorangi whakahaere me te hāngū;
• rohirohi o te rauemi auautanga;
• wheako pai o te hanga me te faaohiparaa i arumoni o te mōhiohio āmiorangi mautū "Yamal".

A, no te hanga koe i te "Yamal" pūhara, kua rongoā hangarau hou 95%, i whakahohea taua whakaaro ki te riro whakataetae i runga i te mākete o ngā ratonga wāhi ao.

Kei te riro te reira i whakakapinga o kōwae ki taputapu kōrero hangarau āhua nga tau e whitu. e waihanga te reira i te pūnaha o-3-4 maha āmiorangi taimaha ki te ohuraa te mautū ki te hua i roto i te mana hiko pau e ratou. I te tīmatanga, ko te waka ātea i hangaia i runga i te pūtake o solar mana 30-80 Kw. Ka whakamahi i te taahiraa i muri mai engines karihi 400 Kw ki tau ki runga ki tetahi i roto i te aratau waka (mo te tuku o te kōwae taketake GSO) me 150-180 Kw i roto i te aratau roa o te mahi (i te iti rawa 10-15 tau) rite te puna mana.

engines Nuclear i roto i antimeteoritnoy tiaki i te Pūnaha Earth

Oti RKK "Energy" Kua whakaaturia i roto i te mutunga o o te 90 rangahau hoahoa e i roto i te hanga o antimeteoritnoy pūnaha i te karihi o unahiroa me Asteroids karihi tipu te mana, me te taea te whakamahi YAERDU ki korero whenua:

1. Te hanga i tētahi pūnaha mō te aroturuki i te trajectories o Asteroids me unahiroa e whiti āmio o te whenua. Hoki tenei whakaarohia ki te whakarite waka ātea motuhake rawa ki taputapu whatu me te hihiani mō te kimi taonga mōrearea, te tātai i te tawhā o ratou trajectories me ako tuatahi o ratou āhuatanga. Ko te pūkaha pūnaha wāhi karihi ki rua-aratau kaha thermionic NPI o 150 Kw kia whai wāhi. kia waiho tona ora i te iti rawa 10 tau.
2. Whakamātautau o te pānga (pūrere pahū thermonuclear) ki te tanú asteroid haumaru. YAERDU mana tuku o te taputapu whakamātautau ki te asteroid-tapamaha tei runga i te papatipu o te ututaumaha tukua (150-500 Kw).
3. Tukunga o te rongo paerewa tikanga (Interceptor papatipu tapeke o 15-50 taranata) mo te tata ki te ao ahanoa kino. Rapu utu karihi engine jet kaha o 1-10 MW mo te tuku ki te tiaki thermonuclear asteroid mōrearea, te mata o nei pahūtanga e tika ana ki te rauemi taea ki te paopao i te reira i te ara kino jet asteroid.

Tukunga o te taputapu rangahau i roto i te wāhi hohonu

Ka taea te kawea tukunga o taputapu pūtaiao ki ngā wāhi (aorangi tawhiti, unahiroa wā, Asteroids) i ki te whakamahi o ngā wāhanga LRE hāngai wāhi-. Whakamahia engines karihi mō waka wāhi he pai, ka hoatu ki te putanga mahi ki te āmio i te tinana tiretiera o te amiorangi, whakapā tika ki te tinana tiretiera, te kōwhiringa o ngā tauira rauemi me ētahi atu rangahau tono hua papatipu matatini rangahau, te whakaurunga o te taunga me te wāhanga tango-atu.

tawhā engines

pūkaha karihi mō te waka ātea matatini rangahau ka whakawhānui i te "tīmatanga matapihi" (e tika ana ki te rere mana o te tere mahi o te tinana), i ohie whakamahere me te whakaiti i te utu o te kaupapa. kawea Studies i na roto i te RSC "Energía", whakakitea e YAERDU 150 Kw ki runga ki te toru tau e ko te tikanga whaihua o tuku kōwae i roto i te wāhi whitiki asteroid.

I te wa ano titau te tuku o te kōwae rangahau i te āmionga o aorangi tawhiti o te pūnaha solar he hua i roto i ngā rauemi, i te tāutanga ake karihi ki te 5-7 tau. Kei te whakamatauria te reira e YAERDU matatini ki te kaha o e pā ana ki te 1 MW hei wāhanga o te rangahau ka tukua whakatere te waka ātea tuku mo te 5-7 tau ki te āmio i te amiorangi horihori te nuinga o aorangi tawhiti, Pirihitini planetary i runga i te mata o te āmiorangi tūturu o enei aorangi, me te tuku i runga i te whenua whenua ki unahiroa, Asteroids, Mercury me nga āmiorangi o Hupita, a Saturn.

Mati anga (MB)

Ko tētahi o nga ara tino nui ki te whakapai ake i te tōtika o ngā mahi waka i roto i te wāhi ko te āhuatanga mati o te pūnaha ikiiki. pūkaha karihi mō te mana waka ātea o te iti rawa 500 Kw taea ki a koe te hanga muka mati, me te reira tino whakapai ake i te tōtika o te pūnaha transportation wāhi maha-taumata. Rawa whaihua mō te pūnaha taua i roto i te hōtaka whakarato te waka utanga ā-tau nui. e kia tētahi tauira kei te tonu te piki haere te hōtaka o te tūhura kaupeka ki te hanga me te tiaki o te turanga topu, me te whakamātau complexes hangarau, me te ahumahi.

tātaitanga o te rerekē haere

E ai ki nga rangahau hoahoa RSC "Energía", kia tukua te hanga o te turanga i runga i te marama kōwae taimaha e pā ana ki 10 taranata, te ohuraa o te marama -. 30 m utanga Tapeke i te whenua i roto i te hanga o te turanga kaupeka topu ka tae mai te teihana orbital kaupeka te whakatau tata i te 700-800 tana me te hokohoko utanga ā-tau mō te mahi me te whanaketanga o te turanga - 400-500 m.

Heoi, e kore e te parau tumu o te pūkaha karihi tukua te pōti utanga ki titaria hohoro. Nā ki te wa roa o te transportation, me te reira, nui te wa i kitea whitiki radiation ututaumaha kore e taea te tukua utanga katoa te whakamahi i tugboats ki engine karihi. Na reira, ko te utanga e kia whakaratohia hāngai ai i runga i YAERDU tata 100-300 anake taranata / tau.

kakama ōhanga

Ka rite ki te paearu o te tōtika ōhanga pūnaha transportation ā-āmionga he mea tika ki te whakamahi i te uara o te utu wae o te waka ia wae papatipu o te ututaumaha (GHG) pira i te mata o te whenua ki te āmionga ūnga. RSC "Energía" tauira ōhanga, me te pāngarau, i tango ki pūkete te wāhanga matua o te utu i roto i te pūnaha ikiiki kua whakawhanakehia, kua:

• te hanganga me te whakakorenga o waeine āmionga tug;
• mo te hoko o te whakahaere i te whare karihi;
• utu whakahaere, me te mo te R & D me te taea utu whakapaipai whakapaunga.

tawhā utu whakawhirinaki i runga i te tawhā ikeiketanga o MB. Mā te tenei tauira i kimihia kakama ōhanga whakatairite o mati tug hāngai ana te mana YAERDU o e pā ana ki te 1 MW me hutiraa tuku i runga i te pūtake o matatau wai engine tākirirangi i roto i te hōtaka ki te whakarite te tuku ki te whenua marama āmionga teitei o 100 km ututaumaha papatipu tapeke o 100 tana / tau. A, no te whakamahi i te taua booster e mau ana kaha rite ohipa "iraoho-M" me dvuhpuskovoy hanga taiawhio o te pūnaha ikiiki utu kaipuke motuhake ia wae papatipu o te ututaumaha te whakamahi i hutiraa i runga i te pūtake o te pūkaha karihi e toru nga wa o raro atu i ka te whakamahi i te tuku i hāngai ana i runga i tugboats ki engines tākirirangi wai o te momo MM-3.

mutunga

Whai hua toko karihi mō te wāhi whai wāhi ki te otinga o ngā raruraru taiao o te whenua, te rere o te tangata ki a Mars, te hanga i te pūnaha o te tuku ahokore o te pūngao i roto i te wāhi, i te whakatinanatanga o te tanumanga haumaru-whakarei i roto i te wāhi tino kino whenua o pūngao karihi ururua iraruke, te hanga o te turanga kaupeka topu me te whanaketanga arumoni o te marama, ki te whakarite te tiaki i te whenua i te pūmate asteroid me comet.