Frederick Taylor. Ko te kaiwhakarewa o te whakahaere pūtaiao o te mahi me te whakahaere

Ko te whāinga matua o tetahi mahi - te whakapai ake i to ratou ake tawhā mahi. Ki te mahi i tenei, ake i koe te hua o kaimahi, me te whakaiti i ngā utu faufaa. tāutuhia Frederick Winslow Taylor nga āhuatanga e pā hua, engari i hanga ano hoki te kaihanga o ngā pūnaha whakahaere pūtaiao. Na roto i te raupapa o ngā, whakaritea e ia te wa toharite te otinga täkupu o etahi ngā mahi me nga ara pai o fakahoko ratou.

Frederick Taylor: A Biography

Ko te kaiwhakarewa o te whakahaere pūtaiao heke mai, i whanau i roto i te 1856 i roto i te rōia ā-whānau i roto i Pennsylvania. ako ia i roto i France ko Germany, a muri i roto i New Hampshire, i Exeter Academy. Frederick Winslow Taylor tikanga tuatahi ki te riro i te rōia rite tona papa. Ia angitū puta i roto i te tau 1847 i Harvard College i roto i tenei motuhake, engari ia ka whakakitea e kite raruraru, e kihai i tukua e ia ki tonu tona mātauranga.

Tona mahi Frederick Taylor timata hei modeler pia, etahi wa ko te mīhini, engari i te tau o 35 tau, i whakatairangatia ana ki te kaitohutohu whakahaere i muri pai whakahaere he raupapa o ngā i roto i te mira maitai i roto i Midvele, ka hāngai ki runga ki o ratou hua i hanga ngaahi fokotu'u mahu'inga ki te whakahaere. Tenei ko ia kua ono tau kua i te utu-kaimahi ohie ki te tino kaipūkaha, i roto i riro reta whakarara mātauranga hangarau, me mo te wa tuatahi utu rerekëtanga mo ratou kaimahi rite ki o ratou hua.

whakatutukitanga Ngaio

I roto i 1890, te kaiwhakarewa o Taylorism heke mai mutu tona mahi engineering, a ka kaiwhakahaere whānui o te ahumahi i roto i te haumi u Philadelphia. Ko e toru nga tau i muri mai, ua faaoti ia ki te tīmata i tana ake pakihi, a ka te tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te whakahaere i te kaitohutohu tūmataiti. I roto i te whakarara, whai wāhi Frederick Taylor i roto i te popularization o tikanga pūtaiao o te whakahaere production i roto i to'na ti'araa melo i roto i te Society o Mechanical Engineers American, e kore kua ano whakapumautia e ia he whakahaere whakatapua anake ki tenei take.

ariā ariā e kawea ia rongonui te ao, faataa te pūtaiao i roto i toru mahi nui:

• "Whakahaere Factory";
• "Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni o Whakahaere Scientific";
• "Iteraa i mua i te Komiti Motuhake o te Congress."

tamataraa mahi

I te mahi i roto i te wheketere maitai tūhuratia Taylor te wa pau i runga i te mahia o ngā mahi production takitahi. Ko te whakamātau tuatahi ko ki te ine i te mau taime matua o te tapahi poaka rino. i taea e ki te deduce te hua toharite o tikanga mahi, e ka timata ki te kia atu ki kaimahi katoa Frederick Taylor. Ka rite ki te hua, te utu hinonga nui haere e 1.6 wā e tika ana ki te whakapiki ake i hua e tata 4 taiepa, me te fakakaukau te tukanga ahumahi o ingots.

Ko te ngako o te whakamātautau tuarua, whakahaere e Taylor, ko ki te whakatau i te ara pai ki te whakanoho i workpieces i runga i te mihini ki te rangatira, i rawa i whakaaro e ia, me te tere matau o te kotinga. He tekau o nga mano o ngā e whakakitea 12 āhuatanga e whakaawe te miramira whakamutunga i whakahaeretia i te hinonga.

ariā rangahau

whakahaere pūtaiao - he wā maru mo te whakaaro hoatu mua ki te faatura ki Taylor whakahaere ariā me te mahi. Tona tikanga tā huringa hia o poto, he raupapa taipitopito o ngā mahi mō ia kaimahi, aroturuki i te whakatinanatanga o te whāinga me te hihiri o ngā kaimahi te whakamahi i te pūnaha utu sino. Whakamahia tenei ra i roto i te nuinga o ngā rōpū rerekē pūnaha o taiutu me mōhio hoki hanga mahi i runga i tona wa whakahaere. E ai ki nga kairangahau whakahaere whakahaere matua Andrzej Huchinski ko Rawiri Buchanan, te kakama, predictability, me te mana o te tukanga whakaputa - ko reira te whāinga matua, pēnei nei te ki Frederick Taylor ki tona whakahaere pūtaiao.

Communication o te ora whaiaro, me te ngaio

Ko te mutunga o te whakaaro o te tūturu whakahaere wa te whakaiti i te tono mo te mahi, mamae kaimahi tae noa whai nei kia whakamatea te kaipūtaiao. I te tīmatanga, whakahe reira ara te feia faatere pakihi, a i roto i te US Congress, i whakapumautia he kōmihana motuhake ki te ako i ana kitenga.

Mai i 1895, Taylor kanga ia ki te ako o te pūtaiao whakahaere reira. Neke atu i te wa, ka haere ia ki te mutunga e taea te toko i te ora o te hinonga anake i raro i ngā āhuatanga pai mō ia kaimahi. ka mate te pūtaiao i te tau o 59 i kakā, mahue te whakatau ki te faauru kairangahau me kaipakihi i teie mahana.

Frederick Taylor: Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni o Whakahaere

hāngai ana pūnaha whakahaere pūtaiao i runga i "pou" toru: te Waeine o ngā tukanga mahi, kōwhiringa nahanaha me te whakangungu o ngā kaimahi, hihiri moni rite te utu mo te pai ana te whakahaere. Ko te take matua mō te memeha noa o Taylor - ko poapoa takarepa ki te whakatenatena kaimahi, na ratou noa i ki te whakarongo ki te kaipakihi hou.

I te ngakau o te pūnaha whakawhanakehia e te pūtaiao Reipa Organization e 4 parau tumu:

• aro tupato ki nga wae takitahi o te tukanga whakaputa mō te whakatū o ture, me ngā tātai mo ratou mahia whai hua.
• kōwhiringa tupato o kaimahi, ratou whakangungu me te whanaketanga ngaio, me te te pananga o te hunga e kore e taea e ki te matau i te tikanga whakahaere pūtaiao nei.
• whakahaere Urupare ki kaimahi me te pūtahitanga o te ahumahi me te pūtaiao.
• Ko te tohatoha o ngā mahi i waenganui i ngā kaimahi me te whakahaere: ko te tuatahi ko te kawenga mō te kounga me te nui o te hua whakamutunga, i ētahi atu - mo te whanaketanga o ngā tūtohutanga mō te whakapai ake i te whakahaere o te mahi.

Kua kï Taylor parau tumu i runga ake tika, no te mea he rau i muri, ko ratou te pūtake o te mahi o tetahi hinonga, me te ako o te pūnaha mana - ko tetahi o nga ahunga matua o te rangahau.