Hawahawa Foliated: te whakaahuatanga, ngā āhuatanga, te hanganga, me ngā āhuatanga

Hawahawa he rōpū taupuhipuhi o harore, ngä pükohu matomato me te cyanobacteria. mai te ingoa i te ōrite o rauropi ki ratou ahua ki etahi mate kiri, a ka whakawhiti i Latin rite "tinga."

symbiotes Whakaahuatanga

horahia ratou puta noa i te whenua, a ka taea e tupu ōrite pai i roto i te whenua makariri kohatu, me te i roto i koraha wera. Ka taea e ratou te tae kia tae rawa kanorau: whero, kowhai, ma, puru, parauri, mangu. e kore e matau tino te tikanga o te hanganga o te pukoko. Otiia ki te tika ka taea e tatou e te mea e ratou hanganga pāngia e te rā. He crustose, pukoko mawhatu me foliated. Rau tuawhiti tuatahi i rite ki te kirinuku, e piri ki te tïpako. He iti (2-3 cm) ratou, hanumi ki ia atu ki te tupu i runga i te mata o rākau, toka ki te hanga i conglomerates ki te diameter o tekau o henimita. Mawhatu - kaiao atu matatau e tupu poutū, a taea tae te maha mita i roto i te teitei. Otiia i roto i tenei tuhinga, ka aparau i tatou te rua nga momo o kaiao, te ahua me te hanganga o nga hawahawa foliated rite ratou rau puka o te rakau.

He aha e nga huānga hanganga ngā

Rau tuawhiti rau tuawhiti ranei - te reira wahi o te harore, Kiwa pūtau-tahi multicellular ranei me pukoko. Ki te whakarite tatou ki te otaota, hoki ratou ko reira ratou kuao peka matomato. Ko te rau tuawhiti ranei kia rau-mawhatu.

GIFA - ngā filamentary, Ahakoa he tukutuku pungawerewere. Ko te maha-matua, me te maha-pūtau. Na te tikanga mō te absorption o ngā matūkai, te wai, me te rite te tukutuku e taea te whakamahi mō te hopu o ētahi atu rauropi (hei tauira, konihi harore).

Tïpako - mata ki ai hono te ahanoa te. Ko hoki ia he whenua hei tupuranga mo etahi o nga otaota me pukoko.

Āhua foliated pukoko

Ko te rau tuawhiti i te āhua porotaka, rau-āhua me rihi-āhua, ētahi wā arā o tetahi e rave rahi wahi ranei. He weuweu tupu i runga i te taha taha te pūtoro o te porowhita ranei. hawahawa Foliose i te pereti puka sloevidnoy kei i runga i te tikanga whakapae tïpako. Tei puka rau tuawhiti tika i runga i te mata o te tïpako. He aha te hanga reira atu rite, e titiro te Bole tawhio rite pukoko.

Kei te piri te reira i ki te raro o taua mea ki te awhina o te kakaho e poto matotoru, kei roto i te pokapū o te rau tuawhiti. Ko te tino matotoru me kiriuka Sama pereti diameter o kahore atu 20-30 cm. Uriuri taea rerekē i te reira i pouri matomato ranei hina ki parauri me te pango. tupu ratou rawa āta, engari foliated hawahawa paku tere atu i te tahi atu momo. I tua atu, he roa-ora ratou. Ētahi ngā tētē he neke atu i te kotahi mano tau. He he he hononga tika i waenganui i te tïpako me te roanga o te ora immobility pukoko.

hanganga

hawahawa Foliated rau tuawhiti whai rua ngā taumata, e tika ana ki to ratou hanganga dorsovertralnym. Ko, to ratou he mata runga, me te raro. Ko te wahi o runga o te taratara maeneene ranei, i ētahi wā hipoki ki te protuberances, tubercles me warthogs ngä makawe iti. I runga i te raro i reira he tinana, i nei piri te pukoko ki te tïpako. E ai ki te hanganga, e taea hoki e te reira maeneene taratara ranei. ngā wāhanga e rua, he puka e kore anake kaha tae engari ano hoki.

I raro i te karu, āta wehea ngā whā ngā papa kikokiko matua:

• kau runga;
• rimurimu;
• matua;
• kau raro.

Kei te ūpoko piri hawahawa Foliated ki te mata o te tïpako me te ngāwari wehea i reira. Otiia i waenganui i rau tuawhiti, me te turanga homai airbag. E faaamu te reira i te hāora, ko te wahi o te pukoko, e mau ana i roto i utu hau, ka whai wāhi ki te haaputuputuraa me te pupuri o te makuku. Ko e piri weuweu o organelles motuhake - rhizoid.

Rau tuawhiti Ko te record kotahi, ka ko reira monofilament, maha ngā paparanga i huaina polifilnym ranei. E kore e te whakamutunga i waewae, kei te mau o ratou turanga hutia ki te mata, na ratou Bole pu i runga i te tïpako. e kore e ratou wehi o hau, haumātakataka, me ētahi atu köura. Ka taea te dissected rau tuawhiti ki hea, tapahia i nga taha, kua wehea ai ki matamata. I te tahi taime te ahua o te pukoko rite te tukutuku matatini o te miro papanga.

horapa

hawahawa Foliated tupu i roto i ngā wāhi i reira taka te nui nui o te rerenga. ngāwari e taea te kitea ratou i runga i fenua katoa, tae atu Antarctica, ara matao. Ka taea te whakanohoia ratou ki runga ki whanau kohatu me toka, i runga i nga kahiwi o te rakau me ngā mauwha, tumu pūkohu-hipoki, i runga i nga whare tawhito o ngā whare. tupu ratou i te huarahi, i roto i te kakaho i, tapa ngahere me wahi kai maroke. Fele, ratou wāhi matawhenua, me e rua ngā wā e tika ana ki te kōwhiringa o te tïpako. A, no te maha huri i hawahawa kinonga taiao tae tata ki te pouri, me te hina. tupu nga ngā whenua rawa raha, hipoki wāhi nui o te whenua. Ko ētahi o ēnei pūkohu renitia (cladonia ngahere).

pukoko Types foliated

Puta noa i te ao, horahia atu ki runga 25 mano. Pukoko. Ki te wehe koe i te rauropi i runga i te tïpako ki e hiahia ratou ki te kia piri, e taea e te reira:

• O te whenua - kei i runga i te oneone one ranei (hei tauira, parauri Parmelee, hypogymnia nephroma, Solorina).
• Epilithic - piri ki te kohatu, toka (Girofora, collema, Ksantor, Tsetrariya).
• Tāiriiri - tipu i runga i te rakau, me rakau iti, te nuinga i runga i rau me kakau (Parmelee, Fistsiya, Tsetrariya, Lobar, Candelaria).
• Epiksilnye - kei i runga i nga rakau mate, tumu kahore kiri, nga taiepa o whare tawhito (hypogymnia, parmeliopsis, Ksantor).

Me mahara te reira e kia ngā te puninga kotahi momo e rua o thalli foliated, a ki te mawhatu, puka takawaenga ranei.

te pukoko Parmelee

E ai ki tona hanganga ā-he tino rite ki te pūkohu matomato. kia kōwhai, parauri ki te aroaro o inclusions matomato, pango me te ma tona mata. Rhode Parmelee - pukoko foliose, e ngā pā ana ki 90 ngā momo, anake i roto i te rohe o Russia, kua tapahia ki nga wahi nui o te thallium. kia ona matatahi e rua whaiti me whānui. tupu te reira i rite te pai i runga i te kahiwi o te rakau me toka, e faa'aano reira ki āhuarangi tāone poke. Ko na rere e haapapu te meka e Whakaröpütia hawahawa anake i roto i te ahua ko te kore e tika tonu te āhua o tenei rauropi ora. I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, i whakamahia te paura i Parmelee ki te aukati i te toto ki te patunga. Hoki, kua tapiritia reira ki te paraoa, ki te te tiaki i te reira i pests, me te whakapiki ake i te ora papa.

hawahawa Foliated, kua oti te whakarite e kore anake i runga i te hanganga me te āhua, engari ano hoki te koreutu, o te wāhi noho o ratou ingoa, he tino kanorau whakaaro tïpako. He tokomaha o ratou e whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi kai. Ko ratou whangai nui me kararehe iti. Aita i maoro a'e paura e whakamahia whānuitia rite tāpiritanga kai whakatu pharmaceuticals. Tsetrarii, hei tauira, whakamahia i roto i te hanga o te anti-korere, ki te whakaongaonga i te pūnaha ārai mate, normalizes te wahi kūnatu, a ko reira wahi o maha taero patu huaketo.