He aha te GLONASS me pehea faikehekehe reira i te GPS American

Russian Global Navigation Satellite Pūnaha (GLONASS) i roto i te pāpāho kua tata kua homai te rota o te whakarongo, te ke ohie, rawa i matara atu i te mau fifi o te whakatere amiorangi, kia mea he ko na hou te pūnaha, me te i roto i tona tamarikitanga. I roto i te meka, he tino tenei e kore te take. Na ano, he aha te GLONASS? A, no te puta ia, me te GPS pai-mohiotia?

Ko te hītori o te putanga o te whakatere amiorangi motu

Ko te whakaaro o te whakamahi i āmiorangi whenua tāwhaiwhai puta hoki te hiahia o te whakatere i te rima tekau o te rau tau whakamutunga, ka te ahanoa tuatahi i hanga e te ringa tangata, puta i roto i te ohuraa whenua. Na, e matakitaki ana i nga tohu amiorangi tuatahi, pūtaiao kite i roto i te mahi e te auautanga o te tohu riro i te amiorangi kei i te āmionga rerekē i runga i tona whanaunga tūranga ki te kaimātakitaki (pānga Doppler). I tua atu, i mohio te tūranga tangohia o te kaimātaki i runga i te whenua, ka taea e tetahi te ine i te tūranga, me te tere o te amiorangi, a i runga i, hurihia. Ameliká mohio tenei whakaaro i roto i 1974, ka whakarewahia te hōtaka DNSS te whakatere amiorangi tuatahi (te ingoa i muri i te hōtaka i Navstar-GPS, a ka - tika he GPS).

Na te aha i Space whenua? kaipūtaiao Soviet i tenei wa, rawa, e kore e noho noa i te. i mua i Ahakoa ako te ao e te GLONASS GPS ranei, i roto i 1967 whakarewahia te whakatere amiorangi tuatahi "Kosmos-192" me "Cosmos-220" i roto i te 1968. i hangaia āmiorangi rua mo nga hiahia o te whakatere me te ki te whakarato i roa-tawhiti kōrero o te kaipuke Soviet Navy, a ko roto te pūnaha whakatere runga "Huripari" (putanga ā - "tātarakihi"). A i 1976, i te pūnaha he mema o 6 waka ātea "Sail", kua hoatu ki te mahi. Ko te tika tū ko 80-100 m, kihai i nei pera kino mo te wa.

Huri noa i te wa ano ka mohiotia ai e te GLONASS. I roto i 1976, i roto i te haere tonu o te hōtaka "Huripari" o te CPSU CC me USSR Kaunihera o Minita tukuna he tikanga motuhake i runga i te whanaketanga atu o te whakatere amiorangi kāinga. Ahakoa te huri tonu te wā, i roto i Oketopa 1982 te amiorangi tuatahi ki te ohuraa "Hurricane" i whakarewahia e pā ana ki te pūnaha GLONASS, a na 1991 i kua i roto i te āmionga 12 āmiorangi marohirohi.

ka mau whakatamarikitanga ōkawa o te pūnaha i te mahi wahi i roto i Mahuru 1993, a na 1995 ngā te rōpū pee'utari o 24 āmiorangi (te maha o ngā kaimahi). Kia aroha mai, te hanganga, te muri tiango o te USSR, me te te iti ora o te pee'utari arahina ki te meka e na 2001, i reira i 6 anake ohuraa āmiorangi whakahaere, me e ko timata te GLONASS ki wareware āta.

I muri i te whakatamarikitanga i roto i te tau 2001 o te āhuatanga hōtaka e hānga ana ano timata ki fakatonutonu, ka kua te mutunga o te tau auau 2011 o āmiorangi kua kawea ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana. Hoki te wā 2012 -2020 gg. i runga i te whanaketanga o GLONASS tohaina 320 piriona moni. I roto i tenei wa, kua whakaritea reira ki te whakaputa i me te whakarewa i 22 atu āmiorangi "Glonass-K" me 15 "GLONASS-M"

Nahea GLONASS

Ko te parau tumu o te mahi o te motu pūnaha whakatere ko te rite i o te GPS American. Āmio āmiorangi tonu emit rua ngā momo o tohu - paerewa, me te tika teitei e te hunga e wātea ana ki kiritaki kei tata ki hea i runga i te ao. anake e hiahiatia ana i te taputapu e hāngai ana GLONASS te ki te whakatau i te taunga tangohia.

Ahakoa te tika o te whakatau i te pūnaha fakafekau'aki whakamahi kāinga paku iho US (3-6 vs. 2-4 m m) me āmiorangi ratonga he wā poto, whakarato GLONASS pūmautanga nui e tika ana ki te meka e kore e whakawhirinaki i runga i te hurihanga o te whenua, me te reira Aita e titauhia ia tetahi atu whakatikatika. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te tika, i te 2020, te whakamahere ngā kia whakapiki ake i te reira ki te 0.6 m, a i roto i te heke mai - ki runga ki te 0.1 m.

Ko te taputapu tangohanga, te GLONASS-kaiwhakatere, ngātahi ki smartphones tāuta i teie nei me waea auau. pūrere kākano Modern ahei o mahi e rua GLONASS ko GPS, i tenei ra e taea noa koe te hoko i roto i te toa e hoko te hikohiko kiritaki, whakahau ranei i te toa ipurangi.