He aha te mea arboretums me māra huaota

pinepine toro tatou i te papa ki te akaanga, mawhiti i te arepurepu, me te rumaki koe i roto i te huru marino, me te rangimarie. Ko taea te hanga ratou hoki faaanaanataeraa, engari ano hoki, hei tauira, i te arotahi rangahau e kore anake. Ko te whānui o ngā momo, pērā i hītori, Zoological, me whakamahara momo Parks, engari i roto i tenei tuhinga ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te Arboretum me huaota kari. Kia titiro a ki to ratou whakaaro, me te hītori.

Arboretums: Definition

"Arboretum" i roto i te tikanga Kariki "rakau". e tangi ingoa Latin rite "Arboretum". Arboretum - he rohe o te Arboretum, tikanga nei mo te faaoaoaraa tūmatanui. waiho e te wāhi kei te hoki tona māra i roto i tuwhera tipu a Papatuanuku whenua, e kua whakanohoia ki runga ki etahi whenua, pērā i whakapaipai, me te matawhenua. Kei te tuhia te reira e te nuinga o te Arboretum ko nga māra huaota, engari i reira kia kia wae motuhake. timata Arboretum ki puta i roto i te hononga ki te whanaketanga o tenei mara o huaota rite dendrology.

Kia mōhio te Arboretum ki te kohinga tino momo o nga rakau: Sochi, Ngahere Engineering Academy i St. Petersburg, me te te Main Botanical Garden RAS (Moscow). Abroad Ko nga tauira papa rēhia e whai ake nei: Arboretum Kornik i Poland, te Arboretum i Kew (e tata ana London), i te Arboretum o Nikitsky Botanical Garden i Crimea. kia whai i te arotahi kuiti Arboretum, e ko, e taea te tupu anake etahi momo o otaota i roto ia ratou. Ka taea e kia tenei siringarii (faaaravihi i roto i te whakatipu i te lilac) populetumy (papara) koniferetumy Pinar (coniferous) frutitsetumy (rakau iti) vititsetumy (creeper) ranei.

He he he tikanga noa mō arboreta katoa: nga rakau katoa me rakau iti kei i runga i te pūtake nahanaha. Ko, te hunga e no ki te puninga taua, ka kia whakatokia ki runga ki te pae motuhake. He toro i te Arboretum, ka taea e kia maheni koe ki te ao mīharo o ngā tipu, korehāhā kore ranei kitea i roto i te natura.

Ko te hītori o te takanga

Ko te rakau i roto i te ao tipu kua nohoia tonu te wāhi nui, mai kawea puta noa i te aamu o te taata nei painga nui ki te iwi. I roto i te rau tau 18 te mahi i runga i dendrology, engari whakaata noa ratou i te whakaahuatanga o te tohu o waho o ngā tipu. I muri mai, ka anga pūtaiao ki te mahi ki taua raruraru rite kumanu, o nga rakau, ako ratou te iranga, me te te hanga o momo hou. utua ngā aro i ki te whakataki - te whakataki o te kai i roto i aua wahi e kore e mana, motuhake rawa ki o ratou noho i.

Ko te mahi fehangahangai e enei hinonga

E pā ana tika Arboretums me māra huaota ki te whenua o ngā wāhi rawa tiakina. Ko ratou he kāwai motuhake o ngā wāhi e tiakina, te wahi i reira he kohikohinga tipu motuhake i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarangatira i te tipu, me te koiora. I tua atu, kei te hiahiatia ratou ki te kawe i roto i whakaako, rangahau me te mahi röpú. I roto i enei pokapū taiao ki te whakawhanake i nga turanga pūtaiao o te hoahoanga whenua, ahuone whakapaipai, māra, whakataki o ngā tipu mohoao i te ahurea, ki te tiaki ia ratou i pests me mate, me te ake.

Ko te tikanga ture o arboretums me māra huaota

Kia titiro a ki nei te mana i enei rohe. Whenua i runga i nei i reira he māra huaota me arboretums e whakawhiti i roto i te tonu ki etahi whakanōhanga. I roto i e wehea enei whakaurunga ki rerekē ngā wāhi mahi: te amuitahiraa, pūtaiao, whakamātau, me te whakahaere.

urupa Natural, arboretums, māra huaota i te motuhake tikanga ture. whakapumautia Tuatahi i te whakatau o te Kāwanatanga Russian me nga tinana whakahaere o te Russian Federation i te tono o te tinana kāwanatanga mana i roto i te ao o te tiaki i te taiao.

Ko te hunga e whai wāhi i roto i whakaaro whenua, e he urupa o te natura, e titauhia ia te kawe i roto i ngā mahi ki te whakarite i te tikanga o te tiaki motuhake. māra huaota me arboretums he e rua wāhui rohe, me te hānga. I roto i to ratou rohe rāhuitia te mahi e kore e i hono ki te mahi o ratou mahi, a ka taea e takahi i te tapatahi o ngā Floral.

He tauira o te Arboretum rongonui i roto i Russia

Dendrological, pāka huaota me ngā māra horapa puta noa i te ao. He rota o ratou i roto i Russia. He tauira pai o te papa taua taea te huaina Sochi Arboretum, i te mea wahi o Sochi National Park. Ia, kia rite ki te tahi atu taonga rite, mahi rite te kaitiaki o te Kohikohinga Green. Kei roto i te ngakau o te huihui, ka rite ki te wāhi nehenehe o otaota tāwāhi me kararehe. He neke atu i te 1,700 ngā momo o rākau me ngā mauwha, e kua kohia i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te ao.

Sochi Arboretum me ona hanganga hoahoanga, whakairo me puna titiro rite te mahi o te toi. puta ia i runga i te huihui te tonga i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19, ka kua i roto i te 50s o te rau tau whakamutunga kua toe langa. I tēnei wā, whakatokia te park neke atu i te 2 mano momo māngai o otaota o te ao. Kua roa kua tomo te reira i roto i te hōtaka haerenga o te nuinga o ngā tūruhi. Ko reira haaputapū te rangatiratanga pārūrū me ona momo o tipu mai tāwāhi e matomato ara i roto i te hotoke. Ehara i tawhiti atu, i roto i te takiwa Adler, kei hoki Arboretum "ahurea Southern".

He aha te mea te kari huaota?

E ai ki te whakamāramatanga, i hoatu te kari huaota o International Botanic Gardens, he reira he whakahaere kua tuhia nei kohikohinga o ngā tipu ora, e kua whakamahia ki te whakaaro o te rangahau, me te tukanga mātauranga, koiora me whakaaturanga otaota te aroaro roto. kī Ētahi atu whakamāramatanga e te kari huaota - he wāhi matomato, hanga hoki te take e rārangi i runga ake. Ko reira he he rerekētanga i roto i te tikanga o tenei ariā ko anake i roto i te meka i huaina te mea he rohe whakahaere ranei.

I roto i te whakaaturanga o tenei ra i tenei wā kua auraa rawa tiakina wahi tāone o te whenua, e hāngai ana i runga i nga rauemi e he kari taiao, matomato kohinga tuhia. I te māra huaota te tikanga whakahaere greenhouses, nurseries, herbaria, hōpara me tari mātauranga.

Ko te kohinga o te Main Botanical Garden, kei nei i roto i Moscow, i reira e maha ngā momo o ngā tipu i te whenua o te rawhaki o te Tokerau e kore e e tonu taea ki te kia whakamahia ki te āhuarangi rerekē hoki ratou.

A, no te whakaurua tuatahi Botanical Garden?

I hanga te kari huaota tuatahi i roto i te rau tau XIV i roto i te pa Italian o Salerno, i he rongonui i roto i te anotau Middle, kura hauora matamua o Europe. Ko tētahi o nga tākuta rongonui i reira Matthew Silvaticus, ko wai hoki ko te huaota. I aua ra, i te puna matua o te raau taero i rerekē tipu.

kitea tuatahi tenei tangata te kari huaota: ko reira te ākonga nei i roto i te heke mai e kua riro mai ei taote, ki te waia ratou ki tipu hei rongoā. Ko te ingoa i hoatu ki ia i roto i te honore o te atua Roma o te whakaaro nui - "Garden o Minerva". kua meinga e ia te wahi i reira timata ratou ki te tupu otaota mō ngā take pūtaiao. I muri mai horahia ēnei kari ki Itari, a ka puta i roto i te tahi atu whenua Pākehā. I te tuatahi i puritia ratou takotoranga hauora, a ka timata ki te kia hanga, me ki ētahi atu whāinga.

Mahi o māra huaota

I roto i to tatou whenua, kua puta mai te kari huaota tuatahi i raro i Pita ahau, ie i roto i te 1706. I hanga te reira ki te tupu otaota hei rongoā i roto i reira, me te ingoa haapapu anake tona arotahi - "ho'oraa Garden". Otiia i rite i mau ana ia me ngā mahi mātauranga. Na ka whakatokia e te kingi he kari i roto i te larch, kauri, me te puruhi, kia e taea te kite manuhiri mārama te rerekētanga i waenganui i a ratou.

E tiakina māra huaota wāhi tūturu me pūtahi pūtaiao. Kei te wehe rua o ratou rohe ki ngä rängai e hāngai ana ki etahi rohe makariri. Hoki aua tipu e kore e taea e e noho iho i te parae, hanga he kōtuhi, te wahi e hanga nga tikanga tika. Ka rite ki pūtahi mātauranga, māra huaota te mahi i te mahi e whai ake nei: ako te tipu me te tiaki o ngā momo onge. A, no te Ko enei pūtahi kohikohinga herbarium o te whare pukapuka o te tuhinga i runga i huaota, i reira he tari hōpara.

Haina Ko te kari huaota nui rawa, te whānuitanga o te rohe i te mea mīharo. Kei te whiti te reira e 13 awa, i reira he maunga me awaawa. I roto i te Nikita Botanical Gardens, kei nei i runga i te kūrae o Crimea, tipu oriwa, tona tau he neke atu i te 2000 tau. Ko te kari nui tino huaota i Europe ko te kari huaota matua ko N. V. Tsitsina Russian Academy o Sciences (Moscow). Te wāhi raki i roto i te ao i reira i reira he he ahanoa taua - ko Norway. I roto i to tatou whenua e tū ai i runga i te kola Peninsula.

mutunga

I runga i te kōrero te aroaro konei, riro te reira atu mahino whakaurunga faufaa pērā i arboretums me māra huaota. kawe ratou he rota o ngā āhuatanga, me te whakaatu i te ataahua katoa o nga otaota o to tatou paraneta. I roto i enei wahi o te natura, te tangata-i hanga, i roto i te wahi kotahi ka taea e kite koe i nga momo rerekē o te tipu i kohia i huri noa i te ao.