Rorohiko, me tetahi hikohiko - whakaaro matatini, te mau parau tumu e kore e o i matau tonu i te nuinga o tangata. He aha te mea he ROM, me he aha pūrere e hiahia ana koe? e kore e te nuinga o te iwi e taea ki te whakautu i tēnei pātai. Whakamātauria ki te whakatika i tenei pōhēhē.
He aha te mea he ROM?
He aha e ratou, ka wahi ki te whakamahi i? Pānuitia-anake haamana'oraa (ROM) he mahara nonvolatile. Hangarau, kei te whakatinana ratou rite te maramara. I te wa ano i kitea e matou i roto i te mea i te wetemuna whakarāpopototanga ROM. pūrere hangaia mō te rokiroki ngā mōhiohio tomo i te kaiwhakamahi, me ngā hōtaka tāutatia. Ka taea te kitea te mahara pānui-anake tuhinga, waiata, pikitia - e ko, katoa e hiahia ana ki te penapena hoki marama noa tau ranei. moni o te mahara, i runga i te pūrere whakamahia rānei, ka taea e rerekē i te maha kiropaita (mo te whakaaro māmā he silicon karaihe kotahi, tauira o nei he microcontrollers) ki terapaita. Ko te nui te nui o ROM - e taea te rongoa te atu ahanoa. Ko te tika hautanga ki te nui o ngā raraunga te rōrahi. Ki te te whakahoki hiri ki te pātai, he aha te ROM kia whakahoki: ko te whare putunga raraunga, i te mea motuhake o te ngaohiko DC.
kōpae Hard rite te pūrere rokiroki tūturu matua
I runga i te pātai o te mea ROM te whakahoki kē. Na kia tatou kōrero e pā ana ki te mea e ratou. Ko te pūrere rokiroki tūturu matua ko te puku mārō. E ratou i roto i nga rorohiko hou. E whakamahia ratou no te mea o ona taea whānui o te rokiroki raraunga. Otiia i te wa taua i reira e he maha o te ROM e whakamahi multiplexers (ko microcontrollers, loaders whawhai me ētahi atu pūhanga hiko rite tenei). ka waiho te ako taipitopito e tika ana e kore anake ki matau i te tikanga o te ROM. Deciphering te tahi atu ngā tika ano, i roto i te tikanga ki te taa i te tumu parau.
Roha me tua atu ROM kaha ki te hangarau flash
Ki te kore te mea iti rawa te pūmahara kaiwhakamahi paerewa, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi taea toronga kōwhiringa whakaratohia e te ROM i roto i te rokiroki raraunga. mahi tenei e te tikanga o te hangarau hou whakaurua i roto i te kāri mahara me nga puku USB-flash. E hāngai ana ratou i runga i te parau tumu o te whakamahi maha. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e taea te murua, ka tuhia rau o nga mano o nga wa te raraunga ki runga ki a ratou.
He aha te mea i roto i te mahara pūmau
tito te ROM te o rua nga wahi, e kua tapaina rite A-ROM (mō te pūmanawa pupuri) me te ROM-E (mō te tuku i ngā hōtaka). He momo ROM te hiko ko te kopu ngōhiko, papaki nei e te tikanga o waea wāhitau. Ko tēnei wāhanga o te ROM mahi te mahi matua. Tei Whakakī i runga i te rauemi i nei e hanga te ROM (taea te whakamahi ngā pūwatawata me rïpene autō, weropepahia kāri, kōpae autō, timipera, lugs ferrite, dielectrics me ratou taonga whakaeminga tiaki hiko).
hanganga schematic o te ROM
te whakautu a te ana tēnei ahanoa hiko te rite te pūrere, e i roto i te ahua rite i te hononga i te tau etahi o te pūtau moka-kotahi. Tipi ROM, ahakoa te whīwhiwhi pea me whai wāhitanga ngali nui, rahi iti. A, no te hua ako ma'uloto paraire motuhake taatiraa ki te whare (ka tuhituhia ki te kore) ranei ki te supply mana (ina te te kōwae tuhituhi). Hei whakanui i te pūtau mahara moka i roto i te maramara mahara pānui-anake e taea te hono i roto i te whakarara. A meatia kaiwhakanao ki te tiki i te hua hou, ka rite ki te maramara ROM ki te mahi nui taea ki a ratou kia whakataetae i roto i te mākete.
moni o te mahara mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā wae engineering
rahi mahara tēnā i runga i te momo, me te whakaaro o te ROM. Na taea te whakapumautia i roto i taputapu whare ohie pērā i mīhini horoi refrigerators ranei microcontrollers nui (i ratou rahui i roto i te torutoru tekau o ngā kiropaita), me i roto i wā onge te whakatakotoria mo te tahi mea atu uaua. Whakamahia te nui nui o te ROM konei e kore e hanga tikanga, no te mea e kore e te maha o te hikohiko iti, me te tikanga rapu tātai uaua. Hoki TV hou te hiahiatia he tahi mea atu tino. Na matatini ko te keokeonga o te taputapu rorohiko pērā i ngā rorohiko me tūmau, te ROM mo e, rite te iti, i roto i te gigabytes torutoru (hoki tukua 15 tau ki muri) ki runga ki tekau me rau o terapaita o raraunga.
kanohi ROM
I roto i te wā i reira whakahaere tuhi kei te whakamahi i te tukanga metallization me whakamahia te kanohi te, ka karanga te pūrere rokiroki pūmau te he kanohi. Ko te wāhitau o ngā pūtau mahara reira e tukua ki terminals 10, ka tīpakohia he maramara ngā e te tohu motuhake CS. Papatono tenei momo o ROM i te wheketere, hua i roto i te hanga o te tauine iti, me te reo huakore, me te tino fiemālie. Ko nui-tauine production, ko ratou te na'ina'i i roto i te whakaaro rokiroki pūmau katoa, i noaa ratou rongonui.
Schematically, te tapeke taimaha āhuatanga i roto i taua pūhui o te conductors kopu mahara whakakapi whare pungawerewere fusible hanga o polycrystalline silicon. I te wā hanga he tāmate katoa me whakaaro te rorohiko i tuhia katoa wae arorau. Otiia i roto i te hōtaka faaineineraa i mahi he ngaohiko teitei, i nei waiho waeine arorau. A, no te tono ou'a whakaeto ngaohiko iti, me pānui te rorohiko i reira ko te kore arorau. E ai ki tenei parau tumu e haamana'oraa pānui-anake programmable.
tai'o programmable anake haamana'oraa
i tino hāneanea i roto i te tukanga ahumahi hulohula, ki a ratou ko reira taea ki te whai e puritia ana i production ähua me-tauine iti. Ko taua whakaaro i to ratou mau taotiaraa - kia kia e taea tuhituhia te hōtaka kotahi anake (e tika ana ki te meka i te piriti whakaeto kotahi me mo te katoa). No te mea o tenei ngoikore ki te whakamahi i te-anake anō-pānui i mahara, te tuhituhi hape iho ka kua reira ki te kia whiua. faarahi tenei te uara o te taputapu katoa hua. No te mea o hapehape i roto i te huringa production, kua nohoia tino tenei raruraru nga hinengaro o nga ngā pūrere mahara. Ko te ara i roto i o tenei āhuatanga ko te whanaketanga o te ROM, e taea te anō-programmed wā maha.
ROM ki UV ranei electrically ka mukua
Na riro matou taua whakaaro i huaina "tai'o pūmahara anake ki UV ranei electrically ka mukua." E hanga ana ratou i runga i te pūtake o te ngohi mahara i roto i nei pūtau mahara i te hanganga motuhake. Ko te kupu, Ko ia pūtau he transistor Mos, kua hanga ai te kuwaha o te polycrystalline silicon. Rite ki te putanga o mua, e tika? Ko ngā enei ROM e te atu karapotia silicon e te insulator he āhuatanga tuuraa i whakamiharo - takawai. hāngai ana te parau tumu o te mahi kei te i runga i te arataki ka tohutohutia te ihirangi e taea te rongoa hoki tekau tau. Na i reira he āhuatanga o te abrasion. Ko te kupu, mo te whakaaro katinga-ROM me hit hihi katinga haere mai i te waho (te rama hihi katinga, me ētahi atu). Ko reira kitea e i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te noho pai o te mahi o te mahara anake lau electrically ka mukua he tino pai rite ki te whakahohe ratou, te tono noa te ngaohiko. Kua oti pai whakatinanahia te parau tumu o te, kōmuru hiko i roto i te ROM pērā i puku flash, e taea te kite i i tokomaha.
Ko taua te ROM-taiawhio anake te hanga o te pūtau, te hanganga rerekē i te mahara kanohi ROM tikanga. I ētahi wā e karangatia hoki enei whakaaro reprogrammiruemymi. Otiia ki te painga katoa i reira e etahi tere rohe, kōmuru: te tikanga e hoki tenei mahi e pā ana ki 10-30 meneti.
Ahakoa te taea o taupoki pūrere reprogrammiruemye e iti i roto i te whakamahi. Ko te kupu, hikohiko ki erasure hihi katinga taea ora i te 10 ki te 100 huringa Tuhituhi. Na ka riro te mana haamou o te radiation kia mutu ratou ki te mahi nga korero. Tirohia te taea te tāpiri i te whakamahi o taua āhuatanga rite rokiroki o ngā hōtaka BIOS, ataata, me ngā kāri tangi mō ngā tauranga anō. Heoi, ko te anō i whanaunga tino arotau ko te parau tumu o te erasure hiko. Ko te kupu, ko te maha o Rewrites i roto i ngā pūrere noa ngā i 100 000 ki te 500 000! He pūrere ROM motuhake e taea te mahi atu, engari e kore e hiahia ana i te reira te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi.