He aha te mea te tahi-operatives? Types me ngā āhuatanga o ētahi

Iwi piri i roto i ngā rōpū mai i nga wa onamata. whainga tahi mohoao i tahito ra, te kaimahi mahi nga mara. He aha te mea te tahi-operatives, kihai ratou i mohio. Ko kia pai te pēnei ratou rōpū ki te whakaaro hou o te mahi ngātahi.

Co-op - he aha te mea te reira?

Ko te kupu "paheko" mai i rua pakiaka Latin tahi - "tahi", "tahi" me te Opus - "mahi", "mahi". Na reira, ka whakahoki i te pātai o te mea tahi-operatives, te whakamāramatanga noa i te taumata ao i roto i te translation māmā rite mahi tahi, me te mahi tahi.

Co-op - ko te rōpū o tangata tūturu ture ranei mo te mahi i roto i ngā ao o te ora. Tenei ngā whakaputa me te mākete, hanga me te mahi o ngā whare, te hoko, me te kohi o ngā ratonga me taonga. He rōpū tūao o mohio hinonga ture, te whakawhanake i te utu o te whaiaro pūtea-a te whakahaere-whaiaro.

hanga taonga ohu i runga i te pūtake o te tika o te melo tata'itahi o te mahi ngātahi. Ko te putanga o te whakahaere riro te pai te faaiteraa i taonga hou. whakaaro te āhuatanga i rawe ki o te mahi ngātahi te ki hei wahi o te melo tata'itahi i roto i te mahi. I mua ki te whakakotahi huinga whāinga motuhake, hanga he tahua noa. melo tata'itahi o te wahi mahi ngātahi i roto i te hanga i te reira (wahi). Kaipupuri rere e te ohu, te kawenga mō te tūponotanga whai wāhi, tohaina te pai te.

Ko te momo matua o ētahi

E tu momo o ētahi i runga i te momo o paearu. Na roto i te momo o te mahi marginalize hanga me te kiritaki ētahi. He aha e nga rerekētanga i waenganui ia ratou? āhuatanga Production e te ahua o te whai wāhitanga mahi herea o te melo tata'itahi o te rōpū i roto i te mahi hanga mo te pai. tukua te reira i te whakakapinga o te whai wāhitanga mahi i roto i te takoha hea. Kua tupu fakautuutu SKHPK (ētahi ahuwhenua).

He kōwhiringa te taua whai wāhitanga kiritaki ngātahi. hanga he uniana taua te rite te whakahaere nonprofit ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o nga kaipupuri hea. Ki nga ētahi kiritaki he ngā rōpū kiritaki (IN), ētahi ahuwhenua (SCC) me ētahi atu uniana mema o-whai pānga.

ētahi kiritaki

Momo o ētahi kiritaki kanohi e maha momo. Tuatahi o te katoa - te hapori kiritaki. Me tangata Puka me hinonga ture mo te ähua o ngā hua ahuwhenua, me te tahi atu, te whakarato i te kaipupuri ki te faaohipa i to outou hua me te supply o taonga e tika ana. Kua tahuri toa General me hapori kiritaki ki te whakarāpopototanga mōhiotia e korero e pā ana ki to ratou tohatoha me te hiranga.

whakakotahi ētahi ahuwhenua iwi, nga pāmu tūmataiti ārahi me kaihanga ahuwhenua. whai wāhitanga mahi Whaiaro i roto i tenei take, ko te tika. hopoi mai SCC tahi māra māra ranei, tukanga hua ahuwhenua hokona reira ranei, whai wāhi i roto i te supply, rīanga tuku ranei.

Ngohe i roto i te taitara tahi-op

Mai i nga ingoa o tahi-operatives taea te kite mārama te whakaaro o ratou hanganga me te mahi o ona ngā mema. GSK hono nga rangatira o nga karati, ngā hanga whakahaere o te mau fenua, e hopoi mai tahi pātū-hanga nga rangatira o nga whare, me whare raumati. Hoki whare, i reira he hanga whare, whare me penapena ētahi. whare me penapena ētahi (CCP) e hanga e hoki tuku. kukume ratou penapena pānga mō loans i te moni, te whakarato āwhina pūtea ki kaimahi, hinonga ahuwhenua me pāmu takitahi. E whakamana whakakotahi mahi i runga i te pūtake o te mema-kaipupuri whakaaetanga tūao.

Ētahi momo o ētahi

Ka taea te wehewehe me te tahi atu paearu ētahi e hāngai ana. He aha wahi momo ngā tahi-operatives? Uaua ki te hoatu i te whakahoki tino rite haumitanga tohu arata'i ki faitatau tukutahi ki te momo āhuatanga o ngā momo. Tukua e rave rahi poraka nui.

mana ā-ture. Cooperatives ōkawa (rēhita ture), me te ōpaki. I te tīmatanga, e kore e rōpū mau tonu whanaunga i raro i te ture. I teie mahana, te whakahaere ētahi i raro i nga ture o te whenua te wahi, kua oti te tuhituhi i roto i nga tikanga o te tinana kāwanatanga.

Ko te tūranga i roto i te raupapatanga o ētahi. Wehewehe tuatahi, tuarua, tuatoru, me pera i runga i. rerekē ratou i roto i te hanganga hanganga. Paraimere kėia he tuarua i te tuatahi mau taata, a ka i runga i te ara.

Na roto i te wāhi. Tenei āhuatanga faaite te pa, ētahi rohe, tuawhenua, me te tahi atu.

Na roto i te wa o te tupu. tīmata te whakakotahi i koroheke i runga i te pūtake tuatahi, tuku iho, i runga i utu kiritaki, hou, ki te tirohanga rangahau.

Ko te rahi o te mahi. E kitea e paearu rerekē Small, reo, whakahaere nui: te tokomaha o ngā kaipupuri hea, rohe hipoki, te tauine o te mahi ohaoha.

Na roto i te wa o te oraraa. ētahi I waihangatia i runga i te wā whakaae tuatau ranei.

mara Mahi. ētahi Production hua hua sino, me te whäwhä. Ko te mua ngā nga hua o te ahuwhenua me te ahumahi, ratonga waka me te hoko o taonga, whakahāngai me te ake. Ki te te kapatanga tuarua rite te hunga e whakarato ratonga pēnei i tiaki hauora.

hanganga pāpori o ngā mema. Proletarian tu, kaimahi me te kaiahuwhenua ētahi. Ko te tuatahi hāngai ana ki te whakapai ake i te tikanga ora o te mau melo o te rua, me te tuatoru o nga mahi ngātahi o ngā kaiwhakanao ki te whakaputa i me hua mākete, kia taurewa, me te tango putunga. He nga hononga o kaihe me te pūtake vsesoslovnye.

E ai ki te matatini o te mahi. Organization mō ngā whāinga noa e hāngai ana te whakahaere pakihi, ngā uniana ki te mau tamataraa whakarite mahi tahi.

Ko te whakaaro o te mahi tahi

Ka rite ki tetahi kaupapa pāpori whakaturia ki te whakatutuki i te ētahi ngā whakaaro. He aha te mea nui ko te pūtake o te whāinga e hiahiatia ana? whakatairanga whakahaere, mātauranga, ohaoha, ture, me te mātauranga mahi te whakaaro o te mahi. tutuki ana te pānga painga i runga i te taha ōhanga o te ora kei te roto i tahi whakakotahi te iwi, tukupā tahi ki te pai te mahi ngātahi, te whakapai ake i te ahurea ture, me te whakatairanga o te kaupapa ā-iwi.

Te whakakotahi āhuatanga o ētahi

Āpiti atu ki te characterizing ngā ētahi, momo, me kua āhuatanga āhuatanga, i ngā āhuatanga noa. whakakitea rautau tekau mā iwa, me te rua tekau nui tohu o te whakakotahi i. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• kaiuru mema tūmataiti;
• māramatanga o te whāinga ōhanga;
• arotahi ki runga i te āwhina tahi;
• urunga noa me te putanga;
• Ko ngā mema o te mahi ngātahi i roto i te wahi tuatahi i roto i te hiahia;
• i roto i te ohu kia tomo te here i te maha o ngā kaipupuri;
• Puta Association i runga i te pūtake o te whakahaere;
• ngā mema, whai wāhi kaipupuri i te whakahaere o te hinonga;
• āhuatanga wāhanga - iwi.

tohu noa o ētahi hou

Te whanaketanga i roto i te rau tau rua tekau-tuatahi o te mahi tahi, kua arahina ki te putanga o ngā āhuatanga hou i roto i te noa. Te huri i nga tohu tuku iho kihai i huri i te faufaa.

Ko te āhuatanga matua: anake hoki ētahi āhuatanga e te hononga o ngā mahi ōhanga, me te pāpori. He angitu mahi ōhanga, ētahi (momo o te mātauranga e taea e rerekē), he pānga painga i runga i te tūranga pāpori o ona ngā mema.

āhuatanga atu: mana tahi o taonga. Ko te hanganga o te taonga noa he tika ki utu tomokanga me takoha atu. E kore te mea whakahokia te utu urunga, kua pau te reira i runga i te hanga o te turanga rauemi o te rōpū. wahi atu tomo hiahiatia whakapumautia i roto i runga i tikanga o te tikanga ranei. E whakaaro rua momo ki te kia recurrent. tātaitia te pai te rite i te rerekētanga i waenganui i te utu me te utu ngātahi. No te reira ki te kaipupuri hea, e tohatoha i te reira ki te hui whānui. E whakaaro parekura noa.

whakaatu tētahi āhuatanga noa nui te i roto i te taunahatanga tahi o te mau melo katoa mo nga hua o te mahi ohaoha. I roto i te take o te kaihau o rōpū me te kore o moni whānui ki te whakatau i te kerēme o nama, he wāhi moni hea '. Ki te iti pānga taunahatanga utu te wahi o takoha, te nui i te mea he maha o tona rahi ranei. titau taunahatanga Unlimited ngā mema ngātahi whakautu ki ratou taonga mo nga hua o ona mahi.

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga - te parau tumu manapori. Manapori i roto i te faatereraa amui whakakitea i roto i te meka e anake te hui whānui o ngā kaipupuri hea, kua nga mahi o te tino aratai nui rawa. ka wawahanga takawaenga kia pōtitia i te hui, pūrongo ki a ia. puritia Takatāpui o ngā mema o te mahi ngātahi e kotahi pōti, ahakoa o te paov tau.

Na, ki te huihuia ake te mea, ētahi. Tenei rōpū tūao o tangata piri i roto i te mau parau tumu motuhake, me te manapori ki te whakatau io ratou hiahia i roto i te mau taata ōhanga, pāpori me te ahurea. I te ngakau o te mahi ohaoha ko te rangatiratanga tahi o te kamupene.

History o te mahi tahi i roto i Europe

Ko te rōpū tuatahi i roto i te tikanga matarohia o te mea te ētahi puta i roto i te rau tau waenganui-iwa i roto i Ingarangi. kairaranga Experience 1830 rahua. I te 1844, ko angitu tuarua ratou nganatanga. Rua tekau-waru o kairaranga huihui ki te waihanga i tētahi pae, i whakaekea hea te mana i hua iti utu. I roto i te 1949, kua nui haere te maha o ngā mema ki te iwa iwi. I muri i te wheako angitu i reira ko te kamupene inihua, kaiwhakanao ngātahi, te hapori tahi. I roto i te UK, ngā ētahi kiritaki e whitu miriona tangata i roto i te mano o ngā uniana. tuku ratou hua kiritaki me te kakahu, taonga whare me ngā ratonga e tuku ki te makona te hiahia mō ngā ratonga ture, me te hauora. mahino Pākehā e taua tahi-operatives mo te toko i te ora o te whenua, me ia o ona noho. I roto i Sweden, kua kï ētahi kiritaki ratou i roto i te hanga whare, te whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua. I roto i Denmark, hawhe o te taupori pakeke i roto i te 2000 ngā ētahi kiritaki. atu te mahi tahi ki kaimahi. Milk production, tukatuka kai , me te ake no ki ētahi.

Te mahi tahi i roto i te US

I muri i te whakatamarikitanga i roto i te tau 1926 o te ture i runga i Cooperatives i roto i te United States riro whānui hononga pērā o kaimahi, kia rite ki ētahi. He aha te mea te mahi tahi, he aha painga whakarato reira, faataa te mahi ki kaimahi pāmu ētahi. Kua whakapumautia e te timatanga o te rau tau rua tekau-tuatahi te noho tuwhera tonu o te kaupapa ohu. Ki te rā, te hawhe o nga kaimahi ngā i roto i te tahi-operatives.

Cooperatives i roto i Russia

haamata te aamu o te whanaketanga o te kaupapa mahi ngātahi i roto i Russia ki te rautau tekau mā iwa. hanga te taurewa me te nama tuatahi hononga teina Luginin i Kostroma rohe i roto i te tau 1865. Na roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, tangohia Russia kua he tūranga ārahi i roto i te ao i roto i te maha o ētahi me ratou i te mau melo. Ko te takahanga o 1917 haukotia te whanaketanga atu o te mahi. timata te anō i roto i te nineties. I roto i te 1992 tangohia ai te ture "I te mahi kiritaki i roto i Russia" i roto i te 1996 - te ture "I te mahi o te hanga ētahi i roto i te Russian Federation." I tua atu ki enei ture e hānga ana, kei te faaterehia e te Code Civil o te Russian Federation ētahi. whakawhanake ia hapori, me te tango i runga i te hui whānui o te tūtohinga, e whakatakoto ana i nga mana taketake o te whakahaere (share takoha, whai wāhi ngā mema o to ratou hopoi'a, me ētahi atu). I teie mahana,, tonu te maha o ētahi i roto i Russia te maha o ngā kaiuru ki te tupu.

Tuhinga mo te whanaketanga o te kaupapa mahi ngātahi

tonu senekele rua tekau-tuatahi ngā tikanga whakaurua. ke matou i te ariā me ngā momo o ētahi, engari tonu ratou ngako te taua. O te neke atu i te whitu tekau mano ētahi hou e taea te tāutuhia rau e rua tekau ngā momo. fokotuu momo kanorau e ora ētahi ake ki o ratou wawata mo te whakapai ake i roto i nga tohu faufaa te mau melo mahi tahi i roto i te rerekē ngā āhuatanga pāpori-ōhanga.