Hōtaka rohe Russian me ratou whakatinanatanga

Ka rite ki nga tauwehe tino nui o ngā tukanga ōhanga tika tango wahi i roto i te whenua, ko nga hōtaka e hānga ana, me te rohe. tohu ratou he pipiri, wā-herea, rauemi, me te whakatinana i hoahoa matatini, rangahau, production, whakahaere, ngā mahi ōhanga, me te tahi atu kawea atu ki te tautoko o te kāwanatanga.

hōtaka Federal me rohe

No te tekau tau maha, me te 20-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i te Soviet Union i horapa mahere pakihi waihanga. Āpiti atu ki a ratou i whakawhanakehia, ka ngātahi, tae atu ki ngā hōtaka rohe. I tēnei wā, whakarato ratou he otinga ki ngā raruraru i roto i te pūtaiao, hangarau, ohaoha, ao pāpori-ahurea, me te taiao. ngā hōtaka ūnga Federal o te whanaketanga rohe e hāngai ana ki te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa here i roto i te mara o te ōhanga pāpori ki te tautoko o te kāwanatanga. I teie mahana, e rawa noa ratou, a ka Kei te tipu haere tonu te maha o ratou. hōtaka ūnga rohe whakanuia e korerotia āhuatanga, pū, me te mōhiohio mema puna rohe. Ratou tūranga ko ki te whakauru i te takitahi, ngā, anaanatae o te taata i roto i te ōhanga hokohoko, roopu mo te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa nui.

pū

E whakamahia hōtaka rohe rite te mea o te mana kāwanatanga tika ki te ōhanga mākete i roto i te rohe ngā. tu ana tēnei tikanga mana rite tetahi o nga tikanga tino nui o te mana i runga i te rohe raruraru: faaho'i, fakalotofo'í. I te wa ano te hōtaka ūnga rohe o Russia, a pai whakatinana i roto i te wāhi ngā houkura. A i roto i te meka, a i roto i tetahi atu take, ko te otinga whakaratohia e rua ngā wero o nāianei, me te heke mai. Ko tētahi tauira ko te hōtaka rohe o te rohe Leningrad. I tēnei wā, utua whakarongo te mana 'ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te ora, te āhua o te ōhanga St Petersburg. I roto i ngā, te whakawhanake i ngā hōtaka ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga mō te kukume rauemi mahi i roto i te pa.

Ko te ngako o te kaupapa hou

ngā hōtaka rohe, me te terenga whakawhanakehia tenei ra whakatinana te matatini o te "mākete noa" me "mahere mārō." E hoatu ana te kaupapa tohutohu tino o te mahi ohaoha. I te whakaongaonga wa taua, me te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka ūnga e kawea i roto i runga i te pūtake arumoni. Methods o kukume kaitoi me ara o tohatoha rauemi e hāngai ana i runga i te mau parau tumu o te moni tūao, ngā, me te takitahi. E rite nui ko te mau tumu rauemi. whai wāhi ngā hōtaka rohe aronga me te whakaū o te mahi whakaritea o ngā kaiuru katoa. E whakaratohia ratou e kirimana ohaoha, ngā ki te huinga o poapoa ōhanga, nui atu i ngā mahi kaupapa here-hanga, pera i te reira i mua.

Te kōwhiri i te raruraru

Teuteu hōtaka rohe, whakaoti i te ngā i te maha o ngā raruraru huarahi. Ko te tetahi matua pā ana ki te kōwhiringa o te raruraru. I roto i ngā āhuatanga hou nga mahi o te huringa rohe me te whanaketanga ōhanga motu tupu nohopuku nui. I roto i tenei take, e iti tonu e wātea ana nga rauemi pūtea, me te tahi atu. Ko te paearu mō ngā raruraru whiriwhiri ko:

1. Ko te faufaa o te take mo te ōhanga motu, me te rohe, e tika ana ki te hanganga hanganga, e whakakaha ana i te tōtika o te pūnaha ōhanga, ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te ora o tangata, whakarato whakahaere taiao , me te haumaru te taiao, me pera i runga i.
2. Ko te āhua matamaha, me te whitinga o te raruraru, te aroaro o nga kaihaka hanga me te hiahia ki te fakafekau'aki ratou mahi. I roto i te tono mai, ka taea e koe te tautuhi i tēnei paearu rite te whīwhiwhi me te tūtohutanga o te take.
3. Progressiveness me te taketake o mehua whakahaere, hangarau me te tahi atu, te mahi kaha tūmanakohia.

āhuatanga atu

I roto i te paearu i runga ake-whakahuatia kia hoki ngā te uaua eita o whakaoti te raruraru i roto i te wa whaitake ki te whakamahi o te huarahi mākete ranei me te hiahia mō te tautoko te kāwanatanga. Heoi, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, he tautohetia tenei āhuatanga, kia rite ki raruraru matatini, me te akiaki e taea te whakatika anake tikanga hōtaka me ki te whai wāhitanga o te mana.

whakamāramatanga o ngā whāinga

Ko te tino he mahi nui tenei. whakahuatia mārama hōtaka hāngai te i roto i te takotoranga tino o ia mahi, me te whakamahinga o tetahi rauemi, me te te mahi o ngā kaiuru katoa. kawea mai te mahi matua te ki te whakatutuki i ngā mahi motuhake. I roto i te whakawhanake i te huarahi whakairoiro-tātari tūtohu. Ki reira, whakamana te wehenga kei i runga i te raruraru ūnga i roto i te taumata. whakamana ratou i whakarite ai ine te whakamahi i tohu whanaunga te whakatau i nga hiahia o te rohe. Na, he pāhekeheke te tika o tenei huarahi.

I roto i te mahi, e whakamahia ana te whanaketanga o reira te pinepine kaupapa. I tua atu, e taea te whakaritea kahore uara paerewa i roto i te wā katoa. Ka taea te whakamahi i te tohu pāpori-ōhanga hei kē. Ratou faaite autaki nga taumata o te mahi o etahi mahi. Hei tauira, te hōtaka ūnga rohe i runga i te tiaki o te hauora o te taupori rite tohu kia whakamahi i te roanga toharite o te kaha ngaio mahi, te ora, me te pera i runga i.

aromatawai o te pai

Ko te tōtika o te whanaketanga me te whakatinanatanga o te hōtaka muri faaite tohu putanga motuhake. kitea Analysis o te pā ana i waenganui ia ratou me te utu i roto i te tōtika tūmataiti me ngā uara ōhanga, whakatairite me te pūmau (rōrahi o te moni motu mō te tangata proportionality kohi me te haaputuputuraa o pūtea, me te pera i runga i.). tohu Tūmataiti tohu te taumata o te whakamahi rauemi: fondo-, capital-, materialootdachu me pera i runga i. Homai te mahi kāinga, me te ke, ka huri pau ki tikanga mākete, i runga i te momo o te hōtaka mo te tātari o tona tōtika rānei, rite ki te tikanga, e tūtohu ana ki te whakamahi i ngā uara rerekē. I roto ia ratou: ko te rahi o nga haumi motuhake whakapaipai, hua, wā payback , a na i runga i. A, no te tātari, ka taea e hoki koe te whakamahi i te rōrahi o te hanga o ngā hua matua, tomo production-kore whakaurunga me te hanga raukaha i roto i te wahi, tohu o te whanaketanga pūtaiao, me te hangarau, me te kawemai-resursozamescheniya.

āhuatanga tohu

He kitea te faufaa o te whakamahi i ngā tohu rerekē i roto i te hōtaka. Engari kia hakari i roto i ngā uara i te wa ano i roto ia ratou i roto i te wahi tuatahi. Ki te to ratou awhina, whakataurite te hōtaka me ngā putanga hoki te whenua kia rite ki te katoa. I tua atu, me te whakamahi koe i te tohu tonotono-ōhanga. kia rapua e ētahi hōtaka huinga pūnaha uara. Ka rite ki ngā āhuatanga mākete riro atu wā aromatawai ine o te mahi pakihi.

mita

Na, ko te hiahia hoki tātari tonotono-ohaoha ki te tautuhi i te tōtika ōhanga motu. kia te whakaritenga mo te tikanga mo motu kia tangohia ka whakatau i te pūnaha katoa o tohu. Hei tauira, e kore e taea te iti ki te ōwehenga o te whakapaipai rerekē i roto i te wāhi faaho'i, rite tenei i taea e arahi ki te hanganga o te hanganga ahumahi e kore e whakatau i te āhuatanga me ngā hiahia o rohe, me te ngākau nuitanga o te kāwanatanga wā roa-.

mehua pū

kia ngā hōtaka rohe te raupapa o mehua ki te whakapai ake i te hauora o te ōhanga me te ao pāpori. Ko ētahi o ēnei, mo te tauira, ngā te mauruuru o ngā hiahia i roto i ngā rauemi wahie, me te pūngao, ture o tariffs, whakakorenga o hopearaa o fakatamaki fakanatulá, me te pera i runga i. Ka rite ki te whakaritea ai he taahiraa i muri mahi ki te ū te āhuatanga. I roto ia ratou:

1. Ko te hekenga i roto i te wahie, me te pūngao hapa.
2. te upooti'araa i te stagnation i roto i te ahumahi no te ite taa'e.
3. Whiwhi hononga ōhanga hou.
4. Te hanga i te tikanga mō te tupu o te öhanga.

I roto i te taahiraa i muri mai kia whakahaere ai matatini whakaora ōhanga. I roto i tenei anga, e arotahi tautooraa i runga i nga take o te whakatikatikanga hanganga me te whanaketanga tauwhiro. I roto i te mehua matua kia ngā:

1. Ko te roha o te hanganga waka.
2. Whakaotia otinga o ngā raruraru pūngao.
3. Roha o te pūmanawa kaweake o te rohe.

I roto i te takahanga katoa e tika ana ki te whakarite i taua:

1. tangata Prevention matamua.
2. Whiwhi kaimahi mohio. whakarite ana tēnei e te kāwanatanga ki te whakatairanga mahi me te tiaki pāpori.
3. Conservation me te whakamahi kouma o ngā rauemi māori.

mutunga

He hiranga mahi nui mo te taupori o te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka rohe. I roto i ētahi wā i reira he he hiahia mo te otinga āta o ngā raruraru o te whanaketanga whakatere, matatau, hanganga whakapakari tika, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te ora o tangata. I roto i ngā wāhi iti kia iti ki te whānuitanga o ngā raruraru, pērā i ngā mahi i roto i nga complexes ahuwhenua me te whare, te wāhi o te whakanohonoho o te rohe rohe, me ngā ratonga pāpori. I roto i tetahi hōtaka, i mahue atu te wāhanga motuhake te hoki ngā take pūtea. Hoki te whakatinanatanga o te mahi whai wāhi i roto i te pūtea me moni atu-pūtea. Heoi, te nuinga o te pūtea e whakaratohia ana e pūtea tūmataiti.

Kei te nuinga o te wā tukinotia te huinga o ngā mahi ngā i roto i te hōtaka i roto i te maha ngā huarahi rerekē. Hei tauira, kia kanohi hanganga o te matatini waka i roto i te tauira o te whakamahi i ngā hanganga me tona māra kaha. Na, kia rite ki te tahi mau tohunga, i reira e tēnei wā maha rawa ngā hōtaka. He tokomaha o ratou e ngohengohe ki te whakarerekētanga tamau. I roto i tenei take takahi ratou whāinga, me te ihirangi. He hoki te take o te pūtea kua he pānga kino i runga i te tukanga o te whakatinanatanga o te hōtaka.