Irene Joliot-Curie: he haurongo poto, whakaahua

Irène Joliot-Curie (whakaatu whakaahua i muri i roto i te tuhinga) - te tamahine matamua a Marie ko Pierre Curie pūtaiao rongonui riro te Nobel i Chemistry i 1935 mo tona kitea ki tana tahu o te ira horihori. ka anga ia tona mahi pūtaiao rite te kaiāwhina rangahau i te mua Institute i Paris, whakapumautia e ona matua, ia hohoro ke waiho tona whaea tana kaiwhakahaere. I reira ka tutaki ia ki tana tahu, me te oraraa taatoa hoa pūtaiao Frederikom Zholio. Ka rite ki te tikanga, haina ratou o ratou kitenga huinga o ratou ingoa whānau.

Irene Joliot-Curie: he haurongo poto

I whanau Irene i 12/09/1897 i Paris i te hapu o Meri me nga toa o te Nobel , Pierre Curie. Ko tino rerekē tona tamarikitanga - ka mau wahi matuatanga i te kamupene o pūtaiao ngingila. Ua faaipoipohia te mau metua i roto i te 1895, ka oti rawa tona ora ki te ahupūngao, whakahaere ngā i roto i tona taiwhanga ki ira. Mariya Kyuri i runga i te mimiha o kitea o konutuki, ka iti Irene, ranei "tona kuini iti," rite tona whaea ka karanga tona tamahine, ko te torutoru noa marama tawhito.

tupu te kotiro ake kahore hoki tau, engari ko te tamaiti whakamā. Ko ia te tino pānga i roto i no ki tona whaea, ko wai i maha pukumahi ki o ratou ngā. A, no te, i muri i te ra roa i roto i te taiwhanga, "Kuini" tutaki tona whaea raruraru, tono hua, tahuri Meri tawhio ka haere ki te mākete, ki te whakarite i te hiahia o tona tamahine. I muri i te matenga kōpeka mea mate o tona papa Pierre i 1908, ka anga he mana nui i runga i Irene ki faaitoito tona koroua i runga i te papa Ezhen Kyuri. Ua haapii e ia tona huaota mootua tamahine, me te hītori taiao, ka poto ia te raumati i roto i te kainga. Curie Sr. ko te ahua o te tuwhena tōrangapū me te takafí, a ka awhinatia ia te hanga i te whakaaro leftist Irene me te whakahawea mo te haapa'oraa whakaritea.

mātauranga nontraditional

Ko tino faahiahia mātauranga Curie. kite tona whaea ki reira e Made Irene me tona teina Eva Denise (1904 p.) mahi tinana, me te hinengaro rā. Ko te kotiro i te kaitiaki tamariki, engari no te mea kihai i Madame Curie homai uru ki ngā kura, kua whakaritea e ia he whakangungu tahi-mahi, i roto i i haere mai nga tama a ahorangi o te rongonui Paris Sorbonne ki te mau haapiiraa i roto i te taiwhanga. Ua haapii ahupūngao whaea o Irene, a whakaakona atu ona hoa rongonui pāngarau, te matū, reo, me te whakairo. Aita i maoro ko Irene te ākonga pai ki te matauranga pai o te ahupūngao me te matū. E rua tau i muri mai, Heoi, ka ko ia 14, i te mahi ngātahi kua hurihia ake, i uru te kotiro ki te kura tūmataiti, College Sevigne, a hohoro riro te tiwhikete. pau ia te raumati i te tātahi ranei i roto i nga maunga, i ētahi wā i roto i te kamupene o rongonui pērā i Albert Einstein ko tana tama. Na ka ka haere Irene ki te Sorbonne ki ako ki te waiho i te nēhi.

Mahi i te mua

I roto i haere te Tuatahi o te Ao Madame Curie ki te mua, te wahi te taputapu X-ray hou whakamahia mo te maimoatanga o hoia. hohoro ako tamahine ki te whakamahi i te taputapu taua, mahi ki tona whaea, a muri i runga i to ratou ake. Irene, whakamā, me te pai fasí 'i roto i te natura, marino, me te āio i roto i te mata o te ati. I tau 21, ka noho ia hei kaiāwhina ki te whaea i te mua Institute. Kua ako ia ki te whakamahi i whakairo te ruma kapua, he pūrere e hanga kitea nga matūriki timatanga i roto i te makatea o te pata o te wai, e waiho e ratou i runga i te ara o ratou kaupapa.

Ko te timatanga o te mahi pūtaiao

I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1920, i muri i te wikitoria o te haerenga i roto i te United States me tona whaea, me te tuahine, ka timata Iren Kyuri ki te hanga i tona takoha ki te taiwhanga pūtaiao. Mahi ki Fernand Holweck, kaiwhakahaere whakahaere o te evanelia, whakahaere ia e rave rahi ngā ki konutuki, nga hua o nei i whakaputaina i roto i te 1921 i roto i tona mahi tuatahi. Na roto i te tau 1925 i oti ia tona tuhinga täkutatanga i runga i nga hihi Arepa o polonium, he huānga, i hamama nei tona matua. He maha hoa i roto i te taiwhanga, tae atu tana tane a muri, whakaaro ko ia rite tona papa i roto i tona kaha tata parapara ki te whakamahi i ngā pūrere. he tau torutoru teina ko Frederick atu Irene, a kihai i mohio i roto i te whakamahi o te taputapu pūtaiao. A, no te i ui ia ki te korero ki a ia e pā ana ki te irarukenga, ka anga ia i roto i te tikanga, kaua ware, engari hohoro ratou ka anga ki te hanga hīkoi roa i roto i te whenua. marenatia te tokorua i roto i te 1926, ka whakatau ki te whakamahi i te ingoa ngā Joliot-Curie, i muri i ona matua rongonui.

mahi tahi hua

timata hītori Nobel Irène Joliot-Curie me tana tahu Frederic ki te whakahaere rangahau tahi. haina ratou e rua ratou mahi pūtaiao, ara i muri i 1932, i whakaritea Irene i upoko o te taiwhanga. I muri pānui e pā ana ki te ngā o pūtaiao German Walter ngatahi ko Hans Becker arotahi ratou feruriraa i ni'ai te ahupūngao karihi - te mara o te pūtaiao, i he ano i roto i tona tamarikitanga. Anake i te tahuri o te rau tau, kitea pūtaiao e ngota i te karihi pokapū arā, o ngā iraoho pai i ako. Waho e tōraro whakatupato irahiko. te uiui e ngā mātua Irene ira, he āhuatanga e puta ina emit nga karihi o etahi huānga te korakora pūngao ranei. Ko te tuatahi ko te korakora ārepa āhua pokepoke, Ahakoa i te karihi o te ngota haumāmā ki e rua utu pai. I roto i tona mahi, ko te tohu o te Nobel, kitea te Curie e Lahí e te tahi mau huānga iraruke emit matūriki i roto i te auau, pūtake tonutia.

hononga karihi

I roto i tona taiwhanga, a Irene Joliot-Curie te uru ki te nui rawa nui o rauemi iraruke i te ao, ara polonium, whakatuwhera ona matua. Tenei huānga matū tuku hoki korakora ārepa i whakamahia Irene me Frederick ki te karawhiuwhiu i te momo o matū. I roto i te 1933, tupitahia ratou ratou matua konumohe. Ko te hua ko te ūkuikui iraruke. Konumohe te tikanga e 13 iraoho engari ka takiwā ki korakora ārepa ki e rua utu pai whiwhi pata atu iraoho, hanga ūkuikui. Ko te huānga matū hua rerekē i te taiao - ko reira tona kanoirite iraruke.

whakamatauria kairangahau te radiation tikanga ārepa me i ētahi atu rauemi, kitea e ka tutuku korakora ārepa ki te ngota tahuri ratou ratou ki tetahi huānga ki te maha nui o ngā iraoho. Irene me Frederic Joliot-Curie hanga ira tāwhaiwhai. korerotia ratou i runga i te āhuatanga o te Academy o Sciences i Hānuere 1934.

Ko te Nobel

ko tuwhera Joliot-Curie o faufaa nui e kore anake mo te pūtaiao parakore, engari ano hoki ona tono maha. I roto i te 1930, i whiwhi maha kanoirite iratuki, i whakamahia nei rite tohu i roto i tātaritanga hauora, me te i roto i te maha ngā. ue'i angitu tikanga atu pūtaiao ki whakamātau ki te tuku pūngao karihi.

Ko he momeniti bittersweet mo Irene Joliot-Curie. Noho i roto i te ahuareka mafakamatalai, engari i mohio he whaea mate e tūmanakohia tana tamahine i ki kia mohio, engari i mate ia i roto i Hōngongoi o taua tau i te kanisā meinga e te rongo wā roa-ki radiation. A marama torutoru i muri ako Joliot-Curie e pā ana ki te taumahi o te Nobel. Ahakoa i ratou i physicists karihi, riro te rua te tohu i roto i te matū e tika ana ki te mau faahopearaa o to ratou āhuatanga i roto i tenei mara.

I tua atu, ka Irene me Frederic rangatira o maha nekehanga hōnore me rangatira o te Rihiona o Whakahonoretia. Ko e tata enei utu e kore e pāngia. pānui Poetry, kauhoe, rere, faahee me te Hiking ko te runaruna tino, Irene Joliot-Curie. tupu tamariki Hélène ko Pierre, a ka noho ia hei hiahia i roto i nekehanga pāpori me tōrangapū. Takafí ki whakaaro leftist, i campaigned Irene mo pōti o te wahine. ko ia he minita tuarua i roto i te Popular Front kāwanatanga Leona Blyuma i 1936, ka pōtitia ahorangi i te Sorbonne i 1937.

wahia ngota

Tonu tona mahi i roto i te mara o te ahupūngao i roto i te mutunga o nga tau 1930, whakahaere Irene Joliot-Curie te whakamātau ki te pū iramoe o te karihi konukarihi. Ki te tona collaborator Pavlom Savichem whakakitea ia e taea te wahia e konukarihi ki ētahi atu āhuatanga iraruke. whariki tona whakamātau taketake te ara mo tetahi ahupūngao Otto Hahn, ko wai whakamatauria e taea te pū konukarihi iramoe wehe reira ki e rua ngā ngota o taimaha rite. ka tenei āhuatanga i te pūtake mo te tono mahi o te pūngao ngota - mo te whakatupuranga o te pūngao karihi me patu karihi.

I te timatanga o te Tuarua o te Ao Irene tonu ia ona akoranga i roto i Paris, ahakoa haere tana tahu Frederick raro. Ko ratou wahi e rua o te kaupapa ātete French, a i roto i 1944, ka haere ngā tamariki a Irene ki Switzerland. I muri i te whawhai, i whakaritea e ia upoko o te mua Institute, me te mana e te kaupapa karihi French. pau ia ona ra i roto i te taiwhanga, ka tonu ki te hoatu kauwhau, ka hanga whakaaturanga i runga i te kaupapa o te ira, ahakoa āta heke tona hauora.

Irene Joliot-Curie: A kaupapa here Biography

Frederick, he mema o te Pāti Communist mai 1942, i tonoa atu e te matenga o te French Atomic Energy Komihana. I muri i taua, ka anga te tokorua ki te taunaki i te whakamahi o te pūngao karihi i te take o te rangimarie. Irene ko he mema o te Kaunihera te rangimarie Ao, a meinga e rave rahi haerenga ki te Soviet Union. Ko te teitei o te "Cold War", me te mea o te mahi tōrangapū o Irene i whakakahore mema i roto i te American Chemical Society, te tono hoki i rēhitatia te reira i roto i 1954. tana takoha whakamutunga ki te ahupūngao i ki te āwhina i roto i te hanga o te whakatere matūriki nui me te taiwhanga i Orsay, tonga o Paris, i roto i te 1955. roroku tona hauora, a mate 3/17/56 Irene Joliot-Curie, rite tona whaea, i te kanisā rite ki te hua o te katoa horopeta radiation nui.