Iwi toi Russian: momo, momo, tauira

Collective mahi auaha toi, whakaata i te ora o te rōpū iwi, ona mana'o, ona whakapono, riro te iwi toi o Russia. i hanga te iwi, a vai i whakatupuranga ki whakatupuranga maongoonga, tales, ngā pakiwaitara - he momo o te rotarota, whakatangi he waiata taketake - tākaro, rangi, waiata, i tino matakitakinga hakari ngā tapere - te nuinga ko reira he whare tapere karetao. Otiia i whakanohoia e ratou ki reira, me te whakaari, me whakaari Sapphire. Ka rite ki hohonu ngoto auahatanga Russian iwi i roto i te kanikani, ataata toi, toi me te mahi toi. I roto i te tawhito whanau i me kanikani Russian. whakaturia Folk toi Russian he pūtake hītori mō te toi hou, me te tikanga, kua reira he puna o ngā tikanga mahi toi, me te whakapuaki o te tuakiri o te iwi.

Waha me i roto i te tuhituhi

Tuhi mahi tuhituhi kua puta nui i muri atu i te kohatu-waha, ki tonu pakiwaitara utu nui te pouaka mai peikani. Ko te hunga te nuinga o whakatauki, kupu, kupu ngaro, waiata me te kanikani, karakia me karakia, maongoonga me tales e here ki te whiti iwi toi Russian ngingila. kitea te hautoa Russian tawhito te varua o to tatou iwi, ngā tikanga, ngā kaupapa tūturu, āhuatanga whare, whakakitea a puritia nga mahi o pūāhua hītori. Hei tauira, Vladimir te Whero Sun, te rangatira e arohaina katoa, mahi rite te tauira o te rangatira tūturu - Vladimir te nui, hero Dobrynya - Uncle Vladimir Tuatahi ariki Dobrynia. Ngā momo o te pakiwaitara tino kanorau.

Ki te haerenga mai o Karaitiana i te tekau o nga rau tau tīmata te tuhinga nui Russian, tona hītori. Āta i hanga ki tona awhina reo Russian Old, riro nei kua noa. Ko te pukapuka tuatahi - tuhinga, te whakapaipai ki te koura, me te tahi atu konganuku utu nui, he kohatu utu nui, i tohu. utu ratou tino utu, no te mea kihai te iwi i mohio ratou roa. Heoi, ki te whakapakaritanga o te pukapuka o te haapa'oraa huri ki te koki tino mamao o te whenua Russian, mai te hanga Efrema Sirina, Ioanna Zlatousta, me ētahi atu tuhinga fakalotu i roto i translation i reira tika ki mohio te iwi. Original taua ko tuhinga Russian o tawhito te inaianei kanohi meatanga, ora o te hunga tapu (ora), ako kōrero ( "Words", tetahi o ratou - "Kia pa"), e haere ana (ranei Journey, tuhipoka runga te haere) me te momo o te tahi atu momo, e kore na rongonui. hoatu te tekau ma wha rau he maha o faufaa makehe o ofa'i haamana'oraa pakiwaitara. Ētahi momo o pakiwaitara, pērā i te hautoa, haere ki te kāwai o te tuhituhi. Heoi i reira i "Sadko" me "Vasily Buslaev," tuhia hoki te kōrero.

tauira Folk

Pūrākau ko te puna o te mahara iwi. aroraa itoito o te ioka Tatar-Mongol, me ētahi atu whakaeke i whakamoemiti e kupu a te mangai. Ko reira i roto i hanga enei waiata i kōrero e kua ora ki te ra hakari: te pakanga o te awa o Kalka, te wahi "whitu tekau nui, me te toa" keri to tatou haere noa o Evpati Kolovrat, tiaki Ryazan i Batu, e pā ana ki Mercury, ka awhina Smolensk. Folklore mau Russia nga meka whakatikanga ake Tver ki baskak Shevkal e pā ana ki te YUV Dudenteviche, ka waiatatia enei waiata i tawhiti tua atu i te rangatiratanga, o Tver. maongoonga Slagateli ngā ki uri tawhiti Kulikova ngā mara, me whakapakoko tawhito o marohirohi Russian e whakamahia tonu e te iwi whakatapua ki te whawhai ki nga mahi iwi Golden Horde.

Tae noa kihai i te mutunga o nga tangata rau tau whakatekau o Kiev-Novgorod Russia tuhituhi ano mohio. Heoi, donos tenei doliteraturny wā ki o matou ra haere i mangai ki te mangai, me te i whakatupuranga ki whakatupuranga koura mahi kōrero. Na inaianei nga hakari o iwi toi i roto i Russia, te wahi oro katoa te taua waiata, tales me maongoonga mano o nga tau ki muri. Ki tenei ra i te momo tangi tawhito ngā maongoonga, waiata, kōrero, ngā pakiwaitara, kupu ngaro, kupu, whakatauki. Te nuinga o nga mahi Whatahoro o iwi - whiti. hanga puka Veesi reira ngāwari ki te tamau aau tuhinga, me te mea hoki tenetere e rave rahi o te pakiwaitara haere ki raro, i roto i nga whakatupuranga e huri ki te otshlifovyvayas tika, i te pakiwaitara pūmanawa ki tetahi.

momo iti

rōrahi Iti o hua he pakiwaitara momo iti. Tenei kupu whakarite: puns, arero puahiohio, kupu, ngahau, kupu ngaro, tohu, kupu, whakatauki, e hoatu a matou i te pakiwaitara. Puzzles - tetahi o enei mau faaiteraa toi o te iwi whiti i ahu i roto i te puka-waha. Take i kiia ranei whakarite aua, faautuaraa i, korero whanoke - he whakaahuatanga aua i roto i te puka whakarāpopototanga o tetahi ahanoa, - e te aha te mea ngaro o V. I. Dalyu. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, he whakapakoko fakaefakatātā o ari tūturu ahanoa ranei e whai ana ki te imi. Ahakoa i konei ngā reira mo te pakiwaitara matatini. Ka taea e Puzzles hei whakaahuatanga, kupu whakarite, ngā take, ngā mahi. Nuinga o ngā wā e tito ratou o rua nga wahi - he pātai me te whakahoki kupu ngaro, me te otgadki tūhonohono. Na roto i te kāwai, he kanorau, me te āta hono ana ki te mahi me te ara o te ora ratou: me te ao kararehe, āhua, taputapu me ngā mahi.

Proverbs me kupu e kua ora ki te wa nei i te wa tino tahito, te reira faaiteraa pai, whakaaro whakaaro nui. More maha atu i te kore, rawa, he he e rua-wahi, kei hea he rite, me te maha pehepehe nga wahi. Ko te tikanga o kupu me whakatauki te tikanga whakarite me te kei roto i te pae morare. kite tatou i maha i roto i whakatauki me kupu mnogovariativnost, i reira e maha rerekē o whakatauki ki te taua tikanga. kitea Proverbs kupu i tikanga whānui, i te mea teitei. Ko te matamua o ratou rā hoki ki te tekau ma rua te rau tau. Ko te hītori o te pakiwaitara Russian te kupu e ki tenei ra ka haere mai poto maha whakatauki, ētahi wā noa ngaro te tikanga taketake. Hei tauira, mea: "Ko reira i roto i tenei take kai te kuri" tera ngaio, engari te iwi Russian i roto i te tonu tawhito: "Ae kowaowaotia hiku." e kore te mea e, e kore e pera tiketike.

waiata

hāngai momo tahito o te iwi waiata Russian te matua i runga i te momo waiata. Waiata - Ko te momo o te mahi puoro me te kōrero wā kotahi ranei lyrical kōrero ranei, te tikanga nei te pono mo te waiata. Ka taea e waiata e lyrical, kanikani rangi, iwi, hītori, me kua whakahuatia katoa o ratou rite nga wawata o te takitahi, me te mau mana'o o te iwi maha, he tonu ratou i roto i te rangi ki te āhua ā-a te iwi whānui.

Kei te aroha wheako, whakaaro huritao i reira i runga i o te whakarau ranei, ki te te whakaahuatanga o te ora pāpori ranei te utuafare - e tonu kia reira ngā ki te whakarongo, me kahore te āhua waiata o te ngakau o te tokomaha nui taea o te iwi hanga ki te whakarongo ki te kaiwaiata e kore. Tino nui rite te iwi o parallelism fariiraa, ka te huru o lyrical hiki ki te taiao. "He aha ta koutou e tu i roto i piu, pungarehu maunga kikokore", "Kahore marama i te po, engari marama", hei tauira. Na tata uaua mai puta noa te waiata iwi i roto i te mea ngaro tenei parallelism. Ahakoa i roto i te waiata o mua - "Ermak", "Stepan Razin" me etahi atu - kua kitea tonu reira. Mai i tenei pānga aronganui o te waiata riro te reira nui kaha, me te waiata ano i kitea e te nui anaanaraa.

Na korero epic

ka mau tūmomo o iwi toi āhua pai i te aroaro o te rau tau iwa, me kua puta noa te wā "hautoa" i roto i te rautau tekau mā iwa, ka auraa he waiata itoito o te huru hautoa. E matau ana tatou i te hautoa, waiatatia i roto i te rau tau iwa, ahakoa tino kihai i ratou te tuatahi, tika kihai i tae matou, ngaro i roto i ngā rau tau. mohio katoa tamaiti te marohirohi hautoa - toa e whakatinana te pai o motu ïa, te itoito, me te kaha: kaihokohoko Sadko Ilya Muromets, Rapa Svyatogor ko Mikula Selyaninovich. maha tonu nga maongoonga wahi ki faufaa mahi-a, engari tino tetere fantastic: whai ratou he Teleport (tonu e taea hinga i te tawhiti i Murom ki Kievi), kia anake he ope ki te hinga ( "pehea ki te faatitiaifaro i ruru - ka waiho i te huarahi rite te ruru maui - popo e" ), a, o te akoranga, te taniwha: tarakona-ahu toru - Toherete tarakona. e kore e iti momo o iwi toi Russian i roto i momo-waha. He hoki nga tales me pakiwaitara.

rerekē maongoonga i tales patupaiarehe i roto i te hunga tino paki e ngā mahi o mua. Ko o rua momo tales patupaiarehe: Household me te makutu. kanohi te whare te tino rerekē, engari mau iwi - rangatira me rangatira, nga kingi me kuini, hoia me kaimahi, peasants me tohunga i roto i te mau huru tino noa. He korero patupaiarehe tino ki te kukume kaha fantastic, tao'ao wāhanga ki ngā āhuatanga whakamiharo, a na i runga i. Tale tikanga rorotu, a kia rerekē i te kōrero atu mahi momo. I roto i te tales patupaiarehe te tikanga toa e patua tonu te pai anake, ope kino, me te kataina i roto i nga ara taea. Poutohu pērā te korero patupaiarehe - he kōrero-waha e pā ana ki te semeio o whakapakoko fantastic, hui whakaponohia e kia te kaikōrero me te faaroo kite rite tino. Tae noa tae matou i te pūrākau tiketike e pā ana ki te hanganga o te ao, te whenua o te take, te moana, te iwi o nga mahi o rua pūāhua paki, me te tūturu.

teie mahana

e kore e taea e Modern iwi toi Russian tohu ïa te ahurea iwi, rite tenei tikanga - preindustrial. Tetahi whakataunga hou - i te kainga iti ki te metropolis - ko te hononga o ngā iwi rerekē, me te whanaketanga tūturu o ia takitahi, kahore tetahi Mixing me tono e taea noa. He aha te mea tuku reira i teie nei ki rite iwi toi he pai he stylization āta, folklorisation, hoki i reira ko te toi ngaio e faauruhia e te taumu'a iwi.

I te tahi taime ko reira mahi amateur, rite te ahurea papatipu, me te mahi o nga kaimahi. I roto i te tika kia tuhia te reira e te parakore tino me te whakawhanake tonu e taea te whakaaro toi anake - toi me mahi toi. He he tonu reira, i roto i te tua ki te ngaio, iwi me te auahatanga, ahakoa kua roa hoatu production i runga i te ara nekeneke me ngā whai wāhitanga mō te hangatanga pouri.

Iwi me te auahatanga

He aha te tikanga o te taha o te iwi iwi? Ko te taupori o te whenua, te iwi. Ko, hei tauira, i roto i Russia reira e He āhuatanga noa e wātea ana i roto i te moni o ngā iwi katoa tekau taketake toi iwi, me te iwi. Chuvash, Tatar, Mari, a tae noa Chukchi - ko te mahi hou o kaiwaiata, toi, e kore e kaihoahoa tarewa i tahi e te tahi? Otiia digested ratou mau huru noa ahurea elitist. A no te mea to tatou, i roto i te tua ki karetao, to tatou etahi hua kaweake, e ko to tatou kāri piiraa noa. pato'iraa Mōkito, te whakakotahitanga katoa mōrahi i roto i te iwi, pera ko te aronga o te toi hou o nga iwi o Russia tenei. Teie mahana ko:

• matawaka (folklorizirovannoe) auaha,
• auahatanga amateur,
• auahatanga o te iwi noa,
• auahatanga runaruna.

he ora hiahia mo te mahi rerehua, rite te roa rite te tangata he ora. Ko Ko te aha tenei ra he toi momoho.

Art, arearea auaha

Art Ko te whiriwhiri, te ahurea ngaio e titau taranata faahiahia, me te mahi - he tohu o te taumata o te whanaketanga rerehua o te taata nei. Hoki hononga pakiwaitara reira iti rawa kua, ki te kahore hoki te faaururaa: kaitito katoa, mo te tauira, i tuhituhi te taratimere, te whakamahi i te himene o waiata iwi. Otiia e kore e mau ki a reira, e kore te waiata iwi. Heritage o te ahurea tuku iho - auahatanga hei tohu o te rōpū whanaketanga takitahi ranei. Ka taea e te ahurea taua whakawhanake angitu me whānui. Ko te hua o te ahurea papatipu rite te ruānuku tātauira, he mea homai i te iwi mo te tukurua taea - ko reira he arearea, te rerehua o tenei ahua, hoahoa nei ki te tango te ahotea i mechanicalness ora hou.

Here ka kite koe etahi tohu o timatanga primordial, i roto i te iwi toi toi kumea ona kaupapa me te tikanga o te whakapuaki. Ko te tukanga tika noa tenei: raranga, whakairo, whakairo, rikarika ki me te whakarewanga, peita whakapaipai, takahi, a na i runga i. kihai i mohio o rerekē huringa i roto i te momo toi mo te mano tau pono iwi toi. Na tino reira taonga i roto i te iwi toi o ēnei rā. rerekē me te tohu o te stylization rite te āhua o te māramatanga o te mana'o turai tarahu tawhito katoa.

toi me mahi toi

mai ake te onamata mohiotia iwi tono toi o Russia. Ko te pea tenei anake nga momo e kore i i oti huringa taketake ki te ra nei. Ēnei tūemi i tukuiho wā ki tenei ra whakapaipai, ka whakapai ake te kāinga me te ora hapori. taukei Rural mahi noa te hanganga tika uaua, he mea pai i roto i te ora hou.

Ahakoa inaianei e kore e pera nui mahi rite kawenga rerehua enei mea katoa. Tenei rei me korowhio, taonga tākaro, me te whakapaipai roto. ngā wāhi rerekē, me te rohe i to ratou ake momo o toi, mahi toi, me te mahi toi. Ko te tino rongonui, me te ātaahua ko te whai.

Pohewa me samovars

Orenburg koroka - tenei paraikete, pohewa mahana me te taimaha, me te weightless me arai whakapaipai-whare pungawerewere. tauira pūāhuru i haere mai i tawhiti, he ahurei, tautuhi ratou he parau mau mure ore i roto i te tikanga o te au maite, ataahua, kia. Orenburzhye koati motuhake rawa, huruhuru hoatu he rerekē, ka taea e te whatu te reira kikokore, me te roa. I raro i te mau tonu Orenburg knitters me kaimahi Tula. I kore pionie ratou: kitea samovar parahi tuatahi i roto i nga karikari o te Täingäwai pa Dubovka, rā hoki ki te timatanga o te kitea o te Middle.

I roto i Russia mau tea i runga i roto i te rautau tekau mā whitu. Otiia i ano i te awheawhe samovar tuatahi i roto i Tula. Ko te tonu tenei wae i roto i te honore, me te tea inu i te samovar i runga i te mahuetanga pine - rawa matarohia i roto i te whare. He tino kanorau i roto i te puka, me te whakapaipai ratou - etahi oko, te ipu, pania ki te pū, embossing, whakapaipai me ngā pene cranes, mahi taketake o te toi, ano tino watea i roto i te ora ia rā. Kua i te tīmatanga o te rautau tekau ma iwa i roto i te samovars Tula hua ake ki te 1200 ia tau! i hokona ratou e taimaha. Parahi e ono tekau e wha moni ia pud utu, me te parahi whero - e iwa tekau. Ko te he rota o te moni.