Ko nga kaituhi o mahi e pā ana ki te kararehe, me te āhua

Kei te tika te kaupapa manu whakaaro tonu. taea ona huānga e kitea i roto i te pakiwaitara, me te i roto i te mahi o te tuhinga puāwaitanga me te hou. Alexander Kuprin, Dzhek London, Dzherald Darrell - e te kaituhi nei i tuhituhia e pā ana ki te kararehe (ko tawhiti te rārangi i oti). Ahakoa te meka e te maha o nga mahi animara ra o enei kaituhi e rerekē, engari e kore ko te taua ratou hohonu o taranata, hanga ana e ratou katoa he whakapakoko poto, me te fakangalongata'a o "to tatou tuakana teina" e kukume kaipānui ki tenei ra.

whakarōpū

I te tahi taime, ki te whakatau ko wai tuhituhi e pā ana ki te kararehe, ko reira uaua. Ko te whānuitanga o te momo kararehe kia kotiti, me te nuinga ki e taea te whakauru i te reira, ki te hiahiatia, me te korero o Kolobok, me "te kāhuarau" Frantsa Kafki. Ko te aha kua whakawhanakehia fakaangá tuhituhi te whakarōpū taipitopito o ngā hua katoa o te kararehe:

• "Classic" animalism, e tohu ana i te ao kararehe whaiaro-ranea, motuhake o te tangata. He tauira a Tūrongo - te kōrero o Seton-Thompson.
• mātauranga tikanga tangata whakataurite: whakaritea te kararehe e ki te tangata e matau ana kua ia he rota ki te ako i "teina iti". He tauira o te whakarite taua - "Song o te Falcon" Maksima Gorkogo.
• Animal ki te pa o te taeae e kitea, rite tahi mea bestiarnom rironga i te puka o te roa-ngaro, e tokona te mana'o o te koroingo.
• Pakiwaitara, me te tuhituhi tales mōkai rite te pūāhua matua, a na i runga i. D.

i roto i te whakarara hoki whakamahi reira te wā "literature naturalistic", engari he ahua whanui atu i taua o nga mahi animara ra tona whānuitanga kaupapa, me ngā kōrero, me pūrākau e pā ana ki te otaota.

Ernest Thompson Seton

I roto i te hunga e tuhituhi kōrero e pā ana ki te kararehe, pea te rongonui tino ko te kaituhi Canadian Seton-Thompson. I roto i Canada e kore ia noho tonu: i roto i tenei wahi o Amerika Te Tai Tokerau , oho ia ki tona matua, ka rite ki te tamaiti-tau 6-tawhito. Mai i te tamarikitanga ko ia taunga ki te āhua me te mania, nui atu i te hapori tangata. Heoi kahore he mea ke i roto i te meka e kore i nga marohirohi o nga mahi tona tuatahi māngai o te tangata, me ... manu.

I roto i tona ora Thompson Seton e rave rahi mano o ngā tuhinga i tuhituhia hua kāhua pūtaiao, me te rongonui, me te pukapuka e te hunga faufaa ki te pūtaiao o te kararehe. Ahakoa roa pā o whakapuaki toi mohio ia rite te kaituhi o ngā kōrero ātahu, ite i te ao o te natura i te hauwhā ohorere ( "Lobo", "Mustang pacer" me pera i runga i. D.). Kei te mohiotia Seton-Thompson mo ana peita, me te te hanga o "hapori Vudkraftskogo", e ka hei te tauira o te rōpū tamaiti torotoro hou. Kua panaia tenei whakaaro Seton-Thompson mo te ako roa o te ahurea o Īnia, e ahu i te tau wawe o te kaituhituhi.

"Taku Fāmilí me Ētahi Animals"

I te tahi taime i akina atu nga kaituhi o mahi e pā ana ki te kararehe, ki te whakarere poto ana runaruna - kararehe - ka tahuri ki te tuhinga e tika ana ki take rauemi. Heoi i reira ki Gerald Durrell. Ahakoa i rite te tamaiti ka poropiti ia e pā ana ki te kararehe, me te katoa i hono te tahi ratou. I tau 14, ka te tamaiti he mahi i roto i te toa "Aquarium", me muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, e ngana ana tona ringa i "Whipsnade" kararehe rite te "tamaiti i runga i pozveryushkah". I roto i te 1947, riro Gerald tona wahi o te kainga o tona papa, i pai te pau ia i runga i te ope. Mahue kahore moni me te mahi, Darrell i te tohutohu o tona teina, te kaituhi rongonui, tamata ia i roto i te take i te kaituhi '. Na te tino pai, kia tuhia ai. Ko rawa pono o te wahi tuatahi o te huinga toru Kariki tenei "toku Fāmilí me ētahi atu Animals." Anake i roto i Ingarangi i te pukapuka i whakaputaina neke atu i te 30 ngā wā!

kaupapa manu o te tuhinga Russian puāwaitanga

Rerekē te kaituhi o te runga ake, ngā te kaituhi Russian-korero o nga mahi e pā ana ki te kararehe ki te kaupapa animara ra me te mea i roto i te poheraa, haere. I te wa ano, he tino waimarie enei ngā. Hoki tauira, Alexander Kuprin hei tauira hanga "strider" Tolositoi te aamu "Emerald". Ko tōna huru matua ko te tāriana nei whakapakoko ko kore kowaiwai o te matauranga hinengaro: e taea ki te moemoea ko ara Emerald.

I roto i te kaituhi e tuhituhi kōrero e pā ana ki te kararehe i roto i nga wa Soviet, e taea te tāutuhia reira Michael Prishvina, Konstantina Paustovskogo, Victor Astafieva. hono te mahi whakamutunga ko te ki te aronga wä, me te stylistic o "tuhi kainga", i mahi ki tae atu ngā take taiao, ki te conceptualize te wahi o te tangata i roto i te ao, i te hanganga.

kaituhi Modern o mahi e pā ana ki te kararehe

tukanga Literary i roto i Russia i roto i ngā tekau tau tata tahi e te publicity, te tango i here te aukatinga. kihai i taea e tenei engari pā te tuhinga animara ra. kaituhi Modern o mahi i runga i te kararehe (hei tauira, L. Petrushevskaya) whakamahia bestiarnye whakapakoko rite te tikanga o te whakarite aua, te hanga kupu whakarite, kōrero ki te mau pāpori, me te hītori e kore anake, engari ano hoki i rite mahi o te huru mau tangohia o tetahi ritenga ki te tangata.