Ko te kamupene nui i roto i te ao (2014). Te nuinga o ngā kamupene hinu nui i roto i te ao

Ko te ahumahi hinu ko te rängai matua o te wahie, me te pūngao ahumahi ao. Reira e kore anake pānga te whanaunga ōhanga ao, engari ano hoki i te take noa o pakanga hōia. Tenei tuhinga whakarato he whakatauranga o te kamupene nui i roto i te ao, i te mea he rangatira i roto i te hanga te hinu.

paearu mō te rangatira

I roto i te tuhi ake te rangatira o tohunga hinu tata kamupene nui o te ao i runga i taua paearu taketake:

• pukapuka o te tangohanga o ngā rauemi raw;
• rahui e wātea ana;
• kaha tukatuka;
• te mahi pūtea o kamupene hinu;
• Sales pukapuka o te hinu, me te hua, he mea parakore.

He mea nui ki te mōhio e kia rerekē te hua o ngā whakatauranga mohiotia katoa i roto ratou. Ko e tika ana ki te whakamahi o ngā paearu rerekē i roto i te aro mātai tenei. Hei tauira, haaputuhia te whakatauranga Energy Intelligence te i runga i te pūtake o tohu ine o te hanga (hanga raukaha, rāhui, pukapuka tukatuka me hoko), me ngā āhuatanga pūtea e ngaro. Ka titiro tatou i te rārangi o nga kamupene hinu pai, nei tuatahi i hanga te Forbes.

Reiti i nga Repaima hinu, kia rite ki Forbes

whakanohoia Forbes tona rārangi, e tohu ana te kamupene hinu nui i roto i te ao i roto i te 2014. Ko te rārangi ngā 25 kamupene e hua i te nui nui o te hinu i roto i te ao. Kia noho tatou i runga i nga Repaima kaha tino o tenei whakatauranga.

Saudi Aramco

whakaaro Hauti Arapia te he rangatira te ao i roto i te ahumahi hinu. Hauti Aramco Corporation ko te kaporeihana pūngao motu nui rawa. He he whatunga o ngā whakaurunga tukatuka, whakahaere te transportation o hinu. Hauti Aramco Ko te kaipuke nui me hōu o supertankers, e kore nei e taea ōrite ara nga kamupene nui i roto i te ao.

E ai ki te whakatauranga, te kaporeihana i roto i 2014 ki te tango hinu i roto i te moni nui rawa - neke atu i te 12 miriona oko, i te ra. He nui nui o te hinu hua te whenua i roto i nga mania o te Porowini Eastern. Ko te kamupene hoki kua he kohao i roto i nga wai rohe o te Moana Whero, me te Persian Gulf.

I tčnei wā, te tari matua o te kamupene whakahaere 99% o nga rāhui koura o te koura i roto i Hauti Arapia, e ko ¼ o te o rāhui hinu huri noa te ao.

"Gazprom Neft" Kamupene

Tenei hinonga Ko te kamupene hinu kaha i roto i Russia. whai wāhi te kamupene i roto i ngā wāhi tūhura o ngā rauemi mata, whakaputa me te mākete o te hinu, me te hau, me te hinu production. te kamupene he manga i roto i te hinu, me te hau rohe katoa o te whenua. Kei te tū te tipu tukatuka matua i roto i Yaroslavl, Omsk ko Moscow rohe. I tua atu, "hinu Gazprom" Kei te pai whakatinana i kaupapa o te hanga hinu i roto i Venezuela, Iraq me ētahi atu whenua. kirimana mō te mahi tahi Russian i roto i te ahumahi hinu te kamupene nui i roto i te ao whakahere.

"Gazprom Neft" ngā te rōpū o 80 wae hanganga i roto i te rohe o Russia, a ki waho. Ngā mihi ki te tauira pai-pumau o hoko, te kamupene hokona he rota o te hinu i runga i te mākete kāinga, me te ki waho. I te tukunga o "Gazprom hinu" i reira e neke atu i te 1,700 teihana whakakī i runga i te rohe o Russia, Kihi ko Europe.

E ai ki a Forbes whakatau tata, kua noho te kamupene "Gazprom Neft" te rua o te tūranga i roto i te rangatira "te nui kamupene hinu o te ao i roto i te 2014" ki te rōrahi o 9.7 miriona oko, ia ra o te hanga.

National Iranian Oil Company

Oil production i roto i Iran timata i 1908. I muri i 40 tau, whakapumautia te Iranian hinu Tāhuhu te National Iranian hinu Company (NIOC), ko tona whāinga i rapu mō hinu me te attraction o te whakapaipai ke. Na roto i taua wa, tangohia te koura mangu kua he tūranga matua i roto i te whanaketanga ōhanga o te whenua, na te hanga o te koura pango riro te mana o te matua motu, ka oho ki te mana tonu o te kāwanatanga.

Na mahi te kamupene i roto i te tangohanga o te hau , me te hinu, ratou transportation me te kaweake. Ko te kamupene matua kaiwhakawhiwhi nga otaota production me refineries i roto i te whenua, a ka hokona te toenga ki waho i roto i te runga ki te motunga o "OPEC".

whakaaro NIOC te tetahi o nga kamupene hinu nui i roto i te ao. He 1/10 o rāhui hinu o te ao. Ko te kamupene nona te hinu, me te hau te whanau i roto i te rohe o Iran, Azerbaijan me te Moana Te Tai Tokerau. Ngohe NIOC Ko whai wāhi whānui wehenga i roto i ngā rauemi tūhura, he kōhao, production, para me te transportation. Ko te hanganga o te kamupene kua 21 kamupene āpiti, e rua o nei ko te nui rawa.

I roto i te whakatauranga "te kamupene nui i roto i te ao, ko te 2014» NIOC i wahi te toru ki te tohu o te hinu production o 6.4 miriona etahi oko, ia ra. Iran Ko tetahi o te feia faatere o te hinu ao, engari i takoha e tika ana ki te whakapanga o aukati ao ki tona kamupene ki te whakaiti i te nui o te koura pango.

ExxonMobil

ExxonMobil kamupene tīmata ona mahi i runga i te pūtake o te whakawhirinaki Paerewa Oil, whakaturia e kaimiriona American John D. Rockefeller i 1882. Mohiotia enei whakapumautia kaporeihana i roto i te mutunga o XX rautau rite ki te hua o te hanumi o rua rama Exxon ko Mobil, i raro nei i te hinu automotive me lubricants hangaia inaianei.

whai wāhi te American Petroleum Corporation te i roto i te whanaketanga o te hou mara hinu, tona production, transportation me hoko. Hoki hua ExxonMobil hinu: olefins, polyethylene, polypropylene me rongo. Kei te mātātoa te whai wāhi te kamupene i roto i te whanaunga ōhanga ao, me te cooperates ki 47 whenua.

Ko te kamupene hinu ExxonMobil ko te kaporeihana pūngao ao nui rawa. Kei te whakaaro ia he rangatira i roto i te rangatira o te mahi angitu me te utu, e ngā te kamupene nui i roto i te ao. Ko te uara mākete o ExxonMobil he neke atu i te 400 piriona US tāra. I roto i ngā o te nui o te hinu (e pā ana ki 5 miriona etahi oko, ia ra) Corporation ni'ai te wahi wha i roto i te rangatira te ao.

PetroChina

Ko te kamupene PetroChina ko o Haina kaporeihana hinu nui rawa. E ai ki te uara o te hea ki ia whakataetae te kamupene nui i roto i te ao. hokona PetroChina peeke i runga i te New York ko Hong Kong Stock Exchange. I muri i te take hea i roto i Shanghai kua tata'i toru te uara mākete o te kamupene hinu, pa tonu te ahua o te pūmatuatanga o neke atu i te trillion US tara.

I tua atu ki te keri me te tukatuka o hinu mahi PetroChina te i roto i putunga rauemi rangahau, horoi matū, pipelines, whakaputa me te mākete. E ai ki a Forbes, kua noho te kamupene rima o te tūranga i roto i te rangatira o te ao koporeihana hinu ki te taupū o te hanga o 4.4 miriona etahi oko, ia ra.

Matapae hinu production

Kei te whakamahere te hinu roroa Ao ki te whakaiti i te pango ngā mahi keri koura e tika ana ki te hinga tere i roto i utu hinu i roto i te raumati o 2014. No te mea o tenei āhuatanga i runga i te mākete tino heke moni te kamupene o. I ExxonMobil, Hauti Aramco, PetroChina me ētahi atu kamupene hinu nui i roto i te ao ki te tiki atu te pai, faaoti etahi o ratou ki te aukati i te roha o te mahi, me te ki te kati i te wāhi iti pai. E ai ki te Wall Street Journal te whai pānga ai ki te utu tonu-aranga o te hau, me te hinu production. Hei tauira, ExxonMobil tawhē hoki 2014 ko 26%, i te mea 9% iti iho i te i te tekau tau ki mua.

hanga nui te huringa i roto i te mākete hinu kua he aituā i roto i te Gulf o Mexico, ka rite ki te hua o nei maringi te tau record o te koura pango. Ko te kamupene Ingarangi British Petroleum, takoha i fatuhia te hanga i ki te hoko te nuinga o ona rawa.

kitea tēnei whakaiti o ngā mahi kei te kore anake i roto i te kamupene hinu nui. utu hinu huri kua pāngia te ahumahi ao katoa.

Ahakoa tenei au, kamupene nui rawa o te ao e titau huringa pai i roto i te ahumahi hinu me ngā rauemi māori o te tupu i roto i te heke mai.