Ko te pūkaha ngingiha ā, me tona whakamahinga i roto i te ao hou

Te revolution hangarau, i puta i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19, tahi ki te maha o ngā āhuatanga tohunga arahina ki te tenenga o te pūrere taua whai hua hei pūkaha ngingiha ā-. kua mihi ki tenei te taata kua taea ki radically huri te ao, me te hanga i te taahiraa nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te ao. I teie mahana, whānui e enei engines whakamahia kore anake i roto i te ahumahi automotive, engari ano hoki i roto i te ahumahi, te wahi e he wahi nui o katoa te mekameka tukanga o te hanga ratou. Katoa wheketere, ngā tipu, me te tahi atu whakaurunga ahumahi whakawhirinaki tika i runga i te wae engines parariraa ā, e tukua ana ki te kawe i te mahi e tika ana katoa.

Ko te pūkaha ngingiha ā-ko te momo o te motor mīhini waiariki, i roto i nei te tahuri te pūngao o te wahie carbonaceous wai haurehu waihā ranei ki te mahi hangarau. Nā ki te ngingiha inamata o te wahie i roto i te rohe mahi o te rango whakaratohia e te kaupapa rotationally reciprocating, e pei te kawau hake. Ko tenei ko te uho o te pūkaha rere i runga i te wahie.

Tikanga, te parariraa pūkaha ā-, me ona āhuatanga matua e mōhio ki te mau te tangata tauira motor waka. Te tangata e matau e te mana o te pūkaha tei runga i te rōrahi o ona ipurau, no te mea he bulkier atu te atu ngä wahie ka meatia ratou, na e te pānga i runga i te kawau hake, a ka waiho kaha. Ki te kōrero koe e pā ana ki engines ahumahi, e kua tāuta i roto i ngā tipu te mana, tipu ahumahi, mira matao, me te tahi atu whakaurunga, whanganga ratou kaha i roto i maha rau o horsepower.

I roto i te mahi pūnaha o tetahi nekeneke wahie tika ngā i te pūnaha tautauā me te hinu. Mai i roto i te tukanga, me te whakaputa i te nui nui o te wera ki te ārai i pukā o te pūkaha e hanga ai he koti tautauā motuhake. Ngā mihi ki tenei i reira ko te rango meangiti, a taea te pūkaha ngingiha ā-mahi mo te wa roa, kahore arumanga. I tua atu i te wāhi o tetahi pūkaha, ko te pūnaha whakahinuhinu e whakaiti te auau te kākahu o nga wahi neke katoa. Tei te kounga o te hinu pūkaha rawa nui, kia hoki ngā momo rerekē o engines hua hinu rerekē e ai kia waihanga, āhua-waihanga me te kohuke. Te pūkaha hou, te tikanga ka pupü mai i te hinu kohuke, no te mea whakarato reira te hinu wahi hou pai ki tetahi ki tetahi. I muri, kua whakakapia reira ki te waihanga semisynthetic ranei, i runga i nga whakaritenga o te kaiwhakanao rānei.

Kua wehea engines katoa o tenei momo ki ngā rōpū matua e rua:

1. E rua-patunga engine parariraa. Tāutahia, te tikanga i runga i waka marama o momo motopaika, kuta, motopaiki me mopeds. Taua nekeneke ngā crankcase, i roto i nei i runga i ngā taha e rua eke te roto ipurau ahunga kawau hake. Ia o enei ipurau ko te kōkeke i te mea potaea he ipurau whakarewa mowhiti motuhake, pūmau i roto i te haehae. E hiahiatia ana ratou ki nga hau whakapau kore taka ki roto ki te āputa i waenganui i kōkeke me rango mihini. Kei te hono te whakamutunga ki te tokotoko tūhono i roto i te bushing motuhake (maihao), i roto i te tahuri whakawhiti te nekehanga torotika ki te kawau hake.
2. E wha-patunga engine ngingiha ā-. He he hanganga matatini ake, e tika ana ki i kawea katoa te nekehanga takahuri-paneke te atu i roto i te 4 huringa karaka. E rite rawa e engines pērā ki nga waka katoa, no te mea whakarato tenei pūnaha mana mōrahi, i te mea e tika ana mo te kaupapa o waka taimaha.

Kei te pai ake tonu Modern engines parariraa ā, hua i roto i te taumata o nui haere pai me te kaha e nui haere. Ahakoa te meka e i te wāhi taiao o tirohanga, he kino ratou ki te taiao, noho tonu ratou te wahi tuatahi i roto i ngā o te tono i roto i te tahi atu whakaaro katoa o te motors. e kore e taea e motors hiko ano whakataetae ki a ratou, no te mea he ratou kaha nui raro.