Ko te waea pūkoro tuatahi o te ao

kōrero Mobile, e mahi huri noa i te ao i teie mahana, kua tuku iho kua whakaaro te tenenga āhua hou. Heoi, ko te whakahaere tuatahi o te hanganga o kōrero pūkoro ariā puta i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. I runga i te pātai, te waea pūkoro tuatahi, a ka, he uaua ki te whakahoki tapitapi ore i roto i te mea whenua. Otiia ki te tamata koe ki te mahi i tenei - he aha nga meka o te whanaketanga aratuku ki te whakamahi o te taputapu reo irirangi kia ako tuatahi, me te tuatahi? I runga i te mea e te hunga e atu pūrere kia whakaritea ki waea pūkoro ranei paearu?

History o Waea Mobile: Facts matua

Hei whakahoki i te pātai - ko wai whakaaro te waea pūkoro tuatahi i roto i te ao, i te tuatahi o katoa e taea e tatou mohio ki te hītori o te tēnā whakaaro kōrero.

Concepts me Momo o kōrero whakaaro, i te wāhi mahi o te tirohanga, tata ki waea pūkoro, ka anga ki te kia kōrero i roto i ngā hapori (pūtaiao, engineering) i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. Ko te waea pūtau tūturu rite te tikanga o te kōrero e patua ana ki te kaiwhakamahi i te mutunga o nga 70 ki te whakawhanake i taiwhanga Bell Laboratories, i puritia e tetahi o te nui rawa corporations US - AT & T. I roto i te whenua tuatahi ki te whai pūnaha kōrero pūkoro mahi pai whakatinana - Finland. Kei te kaha whakawhanakehia pūnaha kōrero pūkoro i roto i te USSR.

Ko te aha te kāwanatanga i mua o te toenga i roto i ngā o te whakataki o waea pūkoro?

Ka riro te reira whai hua ki te noho i runga i mahi Soviet - mohio ki te meka e pā ana ki a ratou e te tauturu ia ki a tatou ia maramarama, no te te waea pūkoro tuatahi i roto i te ao, me te i roto i nei whenua.

Te hanga i te waea pūkoro: te wheako Soviet

I roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic, te whakaaro o te pūrere motuhake, Monophonic, fokotu'u pūtaiao Soviet Georgi Ilyich Babat. i tenei kōwae ki te waiho i te operable waea kawe i roto i te aratau aunoa. I riro te reira e e mahi i te reira i roto i te whānuitanga o 1-2 GHz. Ko te āhuatanga tino o te pūrere whakaarohia e te GI Babati, ko ki te whakarite i te tuku o te reo i roto i te kupenga whānui o waveguides motuhake.

I roto i te 1946, Shapiro me I. Zakharchenko i tapaea ki te whakarite i te pūnaha kōrero reo irirangi i roto i nei i te pūrere mō te fariiraa me te whakawhitihia reo ki te kia whakanohoia i roto i ngā waka. I roto i runga ki tenei ariā, i te pūtake o te hanganga kōrero pūkoro ki te hei teihana tāone kaha, i kō atu e te taputapu irirangi motuhake. Ko te tūmanako whakamahi karanga motuhake rite te pūtāutu kaitango.

I roto i te April 1957, i hanga kaipūkaha Soviet Leonid Kupriyanovich he tauira o te pūrere kōrero - letioó ki LK-1. Tenei pūrere he pūtoro mahi o e pā ana ki 30 km me te whai i te taimaha nui - e pā ana ki 3 kg. i taea e ia te whakarato i tētahi hononga e tika ana ki te taunekeneke ki te PBX motuhake, e taea te hono ki rārangi waea te pa o. I muri, kua te waea kua pai ake. Na, LI Kupriyanovich tino heke taimaha, me ngā āhuatanga o te pūrere. Ko te āheinga whakahoutia o te kōwae āhua rite ki te uara 2 o ngā pouaka hikareti, tāpae i ia atu. Taumaha-letioó ko e pā ana ki 500 grammes ki te pākahiko. titau tatou e ka whakamahia whānuitia te waea pūkoro Soviet i roto i te ōhanga motu, i te kāinga, me te ka hei te kaupapa o te whakamahi whaiaro o tangata.

letioó ki LI Kupriyanovich taea kore anake ki te hanga waea engari ano ki te tango ia ratou - whakaratohia i te taumahi o tau whaiaro, me te whakamahinga o te hanganga ki tuku tohu i te PBX ki te teihana waea aunoa, me ki a ratou - kua ki te wae kaitango.

Rangahau i te parae o kōrero pūkoro tū i roto i ētahi atu whenua-pāpori. Hei tauira, i roto i 1959, te pūtaiao Bulgarian Khristo Bachvarov whakawhanakehia pūrere pūkoro, rite i roto i te parau tumu ki te LI waea matua Kupriyanovich, a arai ia te reira.

Ka taea e te mea tatou e i whakaaro waea pūkoro tuatahi o te ao, na roto i te Soviet Union atu whenua hapori ranei?

Paearu mō te vahe whakaaro ki waea pūkoro

Tuatahi o te katoa, kia whakatau koe i runga i te mea e whakaaro, i roto i te meka, he waea pūkoro. I roto i runga ki te whakamāramatanga noa, ki te kia whakaaro i raro i taua he pūrere i:

- kiato (ka taea te tangata te kawe i te reira ki a koutou);

- mahi te whakamahi i ngā hononga reo irirangi;

- ka taea te kaiwhakamahi kotahi ki te karanga i tetahi ki te tau ahurei;

- he ara etahi ngātahi ki te kupenga waea waeahia;

- e wātea ana ki te iwi whānui (taea o te hononga e kore e rapua e te whakaaetanga o te hunga atu mana mātau ranei, me iti rauemi pūtea, me te črā o kaiohauru).

Mai i tenei tirohanga, he waea pūkoro tonu tonu kua kore i whakaaro i roto i te Soviet Union. Ko, o te akoranga, e taea e kore e whakaaro ki nga paearu mo te whakamāramatanga i runga waea pūkoro ao. A, ki te whai koe ki te tango, i ngā, urutanga me compactness, kia pai te ōrite te toenga te pūnaha Soviet "Altai". A feruri i ona āhuatanga i roto i te taipitopito.

wheako Soviet i roto i te whanaketanga pūkoro: te pūnaha "Altai"

Te tai'oraa i te pātai o te mea ko te waea pūkoro tuatahi i roto i te ao nei, e mea maitai ia ako i te meka matua e pā ana ki te pūnaha kōrero tēnā. I roto i ngā pūrere hono ki reira, i reira i, i roto i te parau tumu, te tohu katoa o te waea pūkoro, i roto i te tua ki te wātea whānui. Tenei pūnaha kupu:

- ngāue runga i te parau tumu o te kōrero reo irirangi ;

- tukua tetahi ki kaiohauru atu tau karanga;

- te mea i roto i te ara etahi ngātahi ki te kupenga pa.

Otiia kihai i reira e wātea ana nuitia: Kaiwaea rārangi whakaaetia i te taumata tari. Ko te pūnaha "Altai" whakarewahia i roto i te te 60raa i Moscow, a i roto i te 70 'i tohatoha kua i roto i neke atu i te 100 nga pa o te USSR. Tino whakamahia i roto i te Häkinakina 1980.

He i roto i mahere te Soviet Union ki te waihanga i tētahi pūnaha kōrero pūkoro ki te e taea te hono te katoa. Otiia e tika ana ki ngā hōhonutanga ōhanga me te tōrangapū o te 80s waenganui-mutunga 'mahi i runga i te whanaketanga o tenei ariā i whakarerea.

I roto i te pou-Soviet Russia ki i whakatinana paerewa Western o kōrero pūtau. E te wa to ratou mo te wa roa ka taea kōrero i waenganui i ngā pūrere e taea te huaina i te waea pūkoro tonu-parirau. Kia tatou ako te ara i roto i i whakawhanakehia te paerewa e hāngai ana i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru. Tenei, ano, ka tauturu ia tatou ia whakahoki te pātai o te wahi a ka te tuatahi i roto i te waea pūkoro ao.

History o US pūkoro

Mai tei tapaohia tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga, ka anga te waea tauira pūkoro ki te puta i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. I roto i te-doma 30-40 tīmata ki te whakatinana whanaketanga tūturu. I roto i te 1933, i waenganui i nga waka o nga pirihimana New York taea whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a te whakamahi i waerehe hawhe-Matarua. I roto i 1946 i roto i Missouri , kua whakawhanakehia te whatunga pūkoro, i roto i nei e taea te kaiohauru takitahi kōrero ki ia atu taputapu irirangi whakamahi ki te takawaenga o te kaiwhakahaere. I roto i 1948 i roto i te āhua o Indiana i whakarewahia hanganga, tuku karanga tetahi noa kaitango tetahi kua i roto i te aratau aunoa.

Ka taea e tatou te mea e ko te reira i roto i te United States, te kupu whakaaro reira waea pūkoro tuatahi o te ao? Ki te whakaaro tatou i te paearu i faahitihia mō te faaue pūrere letioó ki ōrite ki te momo - na, pera ki te korero, engari ki te tohutoro ki ngā whanaketanga Amerika i muri mai. Ko te meka i tawhiti rawa i te hunga e tohu i te hou te mau parau tumu o tona mahi i te American whatunga 40s pūtau whatunga pūkoro.

Systems, pērā i te hunga e kua tohatoha i Missouri ko Indiana i te 40s, whai fakangatangata nui i runga i nga iarere me takere. E kore e whakaaetia te reira ki te hono ki whatunga pūkoro, he maha makona nui o kaiohauru wā kotahi. Ko te otinga ki tenei raruraru whakaarohia i tohunga D. Bell o te whakakai, whakaarohia nei te ki wehe te rohe o te whakatö irirangi i roto i te pūtau ranei pūtau e kua hanga e te teihana turanga motuhake whakahaere i iarere rerekē. Kei te te tikanga te kitenga tenei parau tumu me ngā pūkoro hou. D. Whakatinana o te Ring, i roto i te mahi, whakatinana te ariā i roto i 1969.

Ko te hītori o kōrero pūkoro i roto i Europe a Japan

I roto i Europe Western, i whakamatauria te taputapu irirangi pūnaha waea tuatahi te whakamahi i roto i te tau 1951. I roto i nga tau 60 o te mahi i roto i tenei aronga te kaha whakahaere i roto i Japan. Ko reira taa'eraa e kua kitea ngā Japanese e te auau tino pai mo te whakamahinga o te hanganga pūkoro - 400 me 900 MHz. I teie mahana enei iarere - tae atu ki te matua, e kua whakamahia e te ngā pūkoro.

ka e taha o te whenua ārahi i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te whanaketanga i roto i te mara o te mahi o te whatunga pūtau tonu-parirau Finland. I roto i te 1971, ka anga nga Finns ki te tohatoha i te whatunga pūtau rohe kapinga arumoni e tae te rahi o te whenua katoa i te 1978. 'Oku' uhinga tenei e puta te waea pūkoro rawa tuatahi i roto i te ao, whakahaere i runga i te mau parau tumu hou, i roto i Finland? Kei reira ētahi tohenga i manakohia o tenei tuhituhinga: i roto i ngā, whakapumautia e te tupu corporations torotoro waea Finnish tika tauine hanganga strany.No rite ki te wāhi tuku iho o te tirohanga, kua puta he pūrere taua ano i roto i te United States. He wāhi nui i roto i tenei, ano, ki te whakaaro tatou takaro te putanga rongonui i Motorola.

ariā pūtau i Motorola

I roto i te 70 wawe tahuri reira whakataetae rawa e mura i waenganui i kaiwhakarato ratonga me te taputapu i roto i te fafau wāhanga mākete i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite - i roto i te mara o te kōrero pūtau. Ko te contenders matua he maitai kaporeihana AT & T me Motorola. I roto i tenei take, hāngai te kamupene tuatahi i runga i te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha whakawhiti kōrero automotive - i te ara, ka rite ki corporations torotoro waea i roto i Finland, te tuarua - i runga i te whakatinanatanga o ngā pūrere kiato e taea e tetahi rōpū hiahia kawe.

Riro te rua o nga ariā, ka, e hāngai ana i runga i Motorola Corporation timatanga o te whakamahinga, i roto i te meka, whakaoti i te māramatanga hou o te whatunga pūtau mā te whakamahi i te devaysov.Pervy waea pūkoro kiato o te ao i raro i te hanganga Motorola, ano, i roto i runga i te huarahi tuku iho kua whai wāhi rite te wae kaitango i roto i te 1973. Kua I muri 10 tau i roto i te US kua rere te whatunga arumoni tonu e taea te hono Ameliká noa.

A feruri e fakafofonga'i waea pūkoro tuatahi o te ao i whakaaro, kia rite ki te tirohanga rongonui, nga Engineers American i Motorola.

waea pūkoro Tuatahi: Āhuatanga

Ko reira e pā ana ki devayse Motorola DynaTAC. paunatia e ia e pā ana ki 1.15 kg. Ko tōna ahu e 12.5 x 22.5 x 3.75 cm. I whakaritea te reira i te mau taviri tau mo te waea, me te rua pātene motuhake ki te tonoa te karanga, ka karanga whakamutunga. i te pūrere, he pūhiko, i nei i taea te mahi i roto i te aratau karanga tatari, te tikanga o te 8 haora, me te whakahaere - e pā ana ki 1 hr. Akona te te pūhiko o te waea pūkoro tuatahi i ki te waiho atu i te 10 haora.

первый в мире мобильный телефон? He aha te waea pūkoro tuatahi o te ao? pūrere whakaahua - i raro.

I muri, kua tukua te u Motorola he maha o putanga ake o te pūrere. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te whatunga arumoni Motorola - te waea pūkoro tuatahi i roto i te ao i hanga mo te hanganga e hāngai ana i roto i te 1983.

Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te pūrere Motorola DynaTAC 8000X. paunatia tenei kōwae e pā ana ki 800 karamu, me te e rite ki te putanga tuatahi o te pūrere ona taha. Ko reira taa'eraa e i roto i tona mahara i taea e rokiroki 30 karanga tau.

Ko wai whakaaro te waea pūkoro tuatahi?

Na, tamata tatou ki te whakahoki kupu i to tatou pātai matua - ko wai mea whakaaro waea pūkoro tuatahi o te ao. Ko te hītori o te whanaketanga aratuku te whakamahi i irirangi mea e te pūrere rawa tuatahi e te mea tino ōrite ki te paearu mō ngā waea pūkoro, e hāngai ana i tenei ra, i whakaaro e Motorola i roto i te United States me whakaatu te ao i roto i te 1973.

Heoi, ko te he ka mea e kua whakaurua te kaporeihana te whanaketanga faufaa hou. waea pūkoro - i roto i te tikanga i nga ratou taputapu irirangi me te whakarato i te hono i waenganui i te kaiohauru i te tau ahurei - i te wa e whakamahia ana i roto i te Soviet Union, Europe me Japan. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki i te commercialized waea pūkoro tuatahi o te ao - te kamupene, kua whakawhanakehia reira, whakarewahia hāngai pakihi i roto i te 1983, i muri atu i, i roto i ngā, kua oti taua kaupapa whakatinana i roto i Finland.

Ko te kupu, ko te kaporeihana Motorola tika i titiro rite te tuatahi, kua whakaekea nei e te waea pūkoro i roto i te tikanga hou - i roto i ngā, mahi i runga i te parau tumu o te teihana turanga tohaina ki ngā pūtau, me te he hōputu kiato. Ko te kupu, ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te wahi i whakaaro ai waea pūkoro tuatahi o te ao, te whenua i roto i nei - rite te kawe, pūrere kiato e he wahi o te kōrero hanganga pūtau, e te mea tika ki te whakatau he aha kī te raraunga i te United States.

Heoi, ko reira ia tapao e te pūnaha Soviet "Altai" ngāue tino pai me kahore te introduction o hangarau American-kāhua. Ko te kupu, Engineers i te Soviet Union faufaa kï kaha ki te tohatoha hanganga pūkoro i roto i te motu, i roto i te meka, he tauine, i waho te whakamahi o te mau parau tumu o te tohatoha o ngā teihana turanga i runga i te honikoma.

Ko reira taea e kahore raruraru ōhanga me te tōrangapū o te 80s te USSR e kua whakaurua ratou ake whatunga pūkoro mahi i runga i te pūtake o te ariā o rerekē American, a kihai ratou i pai ki te mahi kino. Heoi, ko te meka - teie mahana e whakamahia nga paerewa o kōrero pūtau i roto i Russia, whakawhanakehia i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, tuku a commercialized te ao waea pūkoro tuatahi.

E tano ia tapao e mau mahi te pūnaha "Altai" tae noa ki 2011. Ko te kupu, noho tika whakatutukitanga engineering Soviet mo te wa roa, me te kia tohu i te reira e kia whai ratou ki te whakapai ake e tika ana, i taea e whakataetae ki ngā ariā ke o hanga te hanganga pūkoro.

whakarāpopototanga

Na, ko wai mea whakaaro waea pūkoro tuatahi o te ao? Ko te whakahoki poto ki tēnei pātai he uaua. Ki te ki te waea pūkoro ite i te taputapu kiato kaitango irirangi, integrated ki te whatunga tāone, mahi i runga i te parau tumu o te pūtau, me te wātea mō te katoa, he pea reira te wa tuatahi, i whakaurua tenei hanganga e US kamupene Motorola.

сотовых сетях — то таковые, вероятно, в масштабе всего государства были внедрены в Финляндии, однако с применением устройств, ориентированных на размещение в автомобилях. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te whatunga pūtau arumoni tuatahi - ka he pea puta noa te kāwanatanga Kua whakaurua i Finland te hunga, engari ki te whakamahi o ngā pūrere e hāngai ana türanga i roto i te waka. Nonprofit whatunga pūkoro kati pai fafauhia me, i roto i te meka, i runga i te tauine motu i roto i te USSR.