Kōhungahunga tātaritanga: tikanga whakamātautau (tauira)

Whakamatautau tikanga rerekē o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga noho i roto i te kindergarten, me i mua i tomo kura. tauturu i te Whakamātautau kōhungahunga ako e pā ana ki te tamaiti i te rota o ngā mōhiohio whai hua, e i roto i te heke mai ka āwhina i ki te tāutu i tōnounoú i roto i te mātauranga me te whakangungu; āhuatanga hinengaro e kia pokanoa ki a koutou tamaiti ki te whakawhanake tikanga; āhuatanga, kia e whakarongo ina tīmata ratou kura me te mātauranga anō.

ka whakahauanga i roto i te nuinga o ngā kura Testing. Kei te huri te tukanga mātauranga te wa katoa, kua hanga whakatikatika, he uaua māmā ranei te mahere mātauranga, kei te whakawhiti kura ki te puka motuhake o te whakangungu. titau tenei katoa i nga tautooraa o te tamaiti, te kaha ki te urutau. A e kore e taea e ki te whakarato i ō rātou tamariki taau āwhina i roto i tenei mea, ara, ki te anake no te mea kahore ratou e mohio ki ta rite kia āwhina tonu ngā mātua. Tenei he aha i reira he whakamātautau mō kōhungahunga.

I roto i tenei tuhinga, aparau i tatou nga rerekētanga tātaritanga, e whakaatu ki a matou katoa o enei whakamātautau e pā ana ki to tatou tamariki, kia utu koutou whakarongo me te whakarongo ki tetahi tohutohu.

He aha te mea te tātaritanga o ngā tamariki kura-mua

Tātaritanga o kōhungahunga tamariki, ngā momo o ngā tikanga me tohutohu whakaurua nga wahi katoa, tīmata ki te whakauru ki te kindergarten. tohu ratou he ahua o te whakamātautau. He rerekē ngā tikanga rerekē, engari to ratou tetahi mea i roto i te noa. tauturu i ratou katoa mahino mātua me ngā kaiako i te huru aronganui me te hinengaro o te tamaiti ki te whakatau i tona hihiko mō te kura ranei kindergarten, te matauranga, te maramarama, me te ake.

Hei tauira, kia whakaatu etahi whakamātautau predisposition motuhake ki etahi kaupapa ākonga heke mai. Na ka hanga reira tikanga ki te unga o ratou tamariki ki ngā kura motuhake ki te aronga nui ki te reo ke, pāngarau, wetereo, pūtaiao rorohiko, me te pera i runga i. I roto i te take, ki te whakaatu whakamātautau te kore o te matauranga me ngā pūkenga, Ka taea e te faaineine tonu koe mo te whakauru ki ngā whare mātauranga me ki te hanga ake mo te wa ngaro, mo tetahi take.

Well tauturu whakamātautau ki te mahino te whanaunga pāhekoheko, complexes, raruraru te utuafare, ngā ine hinengaro i te täkupu, ki te kitea huarahi ki te whakaoti rapanga, me te, tino nui, te take pakiaka o te tūkino.

Here te tahi mau tikanga tātaritanga tino rongonui mō ngā wāhi ūnga rerekē.

hihiko hinengaro mō te kura

Tātaritanga kōhungahunga tikanga tūwhera atu mo te kura - he kau tino nui mō te whakauru ki te whare mātauranga. ite ahau e whakawhanake tamariki katoa i roto i to ratou ake ara, ki tona tere, me te itoito. Ētahi o ngā mātua whakapono e tīmata te he tamaiti mua ki te ako, te tere me te pai ka tupu te reira. E mahara ana tona wheako ake, maha pouri iwi e kore ratou i haere ki te kura wawe i te tau, ranei ara e rua, no te mea i reira te mea he ongo o te wā maumauria te maumauria. Heoi, e kore te mea tonu i te huarahi taua te take. taea e ngā tamariki noa e kore e rite mo te tukanga o te kura. I te wa o te whakauru ki etahi o nga mau huru e ti'a ia tatou puta kura, i waho nei e te ako kia hoatu pakeke nui. Hoki tauira, itoito, te pākiki, te āheinga ki te rokiroki me te tātari mōhiohio taumai.

I roto i te tikanga ki te aromatawai i te hinaaro ki te ako, i reira te mea he tātaritanga o ngā tamariki kura-mua. E wātea ana Techniques e whai ake:

• Test Kern-Yeraseka - te whakamātautau tino whānui e whai wāhi ngā rōpū maha whanaketanga tamaiti.
• "Doris te hiku kiore" me "hamarara Doris rahurahu" - tauturu i te whakamātautau whakatau pehea pai whakawhanakehia pai pūkenga nekeneke o ringa.
• Tikanga o whakatauki - āwhina ki te kite i te whanaketanga o te whakaaro me te kaha ki te whakamārama i te āhuatanga i roto i to ratou ake kupu.

Tātaritanga o ngā tautōhito, me te aro

Hoki te tukanga ako ko reira tino nui ki te whakaaro i te taumata o te tiaki o te tamaiti. Kei te whānui kōhungahunga, tikanga mō te whakatau me te tiaki tātaritanga tohaina i roto i te whānuitanga o te taiao whakaako. ngā mahi tiaki Various i runga i tenei kaupapa i te rota rawa, a ka he whai hua, me te whakakitenga katoa o ratou.

Hei whakatau i te tiaki te whakamahi i te whakamātautau e whai ake nei mō ngā tamariki 5 tau: "Kimihia ka whiti i roto i", "tohu-whakamātautau", "tapatoru". I roto i te whakamātautau tuatahi hoatu te tamaiti te he whārangi ki peita i runga taua mea i roto i ngā āhua āhuahanga. Hoki tetahi wā o te wā me waiho hei ara motuhake ki te whiti i roto i te ahua o tetahi momo. I te mutunga o te hua o te piha haapiiraa tatau te whakamahi i te tātai:

• S = (0,5N - 2,8n): t, ai
  
  S - te hua whakamutunga, kei te houhanga e reiti me te susceptibility o te tamaiti,
  N - maha o ngā tau tirohia
  n - maha o hapa,
  t - mahi wāhaere.

A, no te "tauira proofreading" i runga i te wahi o reta tā. kia whakawhiti i te tamaiti i roto i toru te kaiako, ko roto i nga rārangi.

"Triangle" titau te tetahi täu i momo tuhi i te ahua i runga i ia raina. Kaimātai hinengaro kitea mahi hapa, me te oma wa, ai na ta te hua.

ngā kauwhata, me te mangai i runga i te pūtau mō kōhungahunga ēnei whakamātautau. He tamaiti i raro i te rārangi takinga Unuunu me ngā āhua, whakarite motuhake, homai te kaiako i te huarahi.

Tātaritanga o te whanaketanga pāngarau

Math ākonga - e kore te reira te ako tika. Whakawhanakehia tahuri pāngarau o te ngakau ka taea te tamaiti ki te tātari mōhiohio taumai, he reira nui tere ki te Päkehä me te hoatu ki te mahi. Na reira, ko te tātaritanga o ngā tamariki kura-i mua, te whanaketanga o ngā rautaki pāngarau e ko he wāhi, tika whakahaere i roto i ngā pūtahi mātauranga o ngā taumata rerekē o te whakangungu.

I roto i te tuku tātaritanga petipeti pērā i "Kimihia te taua," "Huihuia pirepire", "Kohikohi pikitia". I tenei wā, ko te mea nui ki te kitea i roto i pēhea te taea ki te utu ake he pikitia whānui o te mongamonga rerekē, kitea te ōrite o ngā, ki whakarite te tae, te rahi me te āhua āhuahanga te tamaiti, ko te.

Tātaritanga o kōhungahunga aronganui: tikanga

āhua aronganui me te hinengaro pūmau - te matua ki te ako hua, whanaketanga tere i roto i te taiao tauhou, te kaha ki te whaiaro iteraa-me te whare o hononga pāpori. I roto i te whakangungu i te kura tamaiti kindergarten ranei riro kore anake mōhiotanga e pā ana ki te ao i roto i te ako o pekanga motuhake, engari ako hoki ki te mohio ki tona tuakiri ake, tona tūranga i roto i te hapori, ki te kōrero ki te iwi (hoa me ngā kaiako).

Ko te tino rerekē tātaritanga o aronganui kōhungahunga technique. Ko te whāinga, ko te ki te kimi rite ratou whaiaro tūnga-o te tamaiti i roto i te taiao, me te hapori, me te kimi huarahi ki te whakatika i rahunga me complexes taea. Tātaritanga kōhungahunga teina whakahaere e te tikanga e whai ake nei:

• Tūnga - karangatia te tamaiti kei te ki te tango me te tākaro i te tūranga (melo o te utuafare kararehe, ngā popohe, pūāhua patupaiarehe-korero).
• Psihogimnasticheskie kēmu - i roto i enei kēmu i hanga nga tama te whakatamarikitanga o tona ake ingoa, me te mau huru taata, te kaha ki te whaiaro matauranga-.
• kēmu Communication - tauturu i enei kēmu tamariki ako i te faaiteraa-waha o tona huru ki te iwi a tawhio noa, ka mea ratou ake whakaaro, me ngā hiahia o te whakarato tautoko, whakapā ki te hapori a tawhio noa.

Intelligence me te whanaketanga hinengaro

Tātaritanga o ngā mahi kōhungahunga e taea te tango i te wahi i roto i te maha ngā huarahi, me te whakamātautau. Ētahi mahi anake ki te kaha ki te aro, ētahi i whakaata te haere noa o te wawata, me te whakaaro, me ētahi atu whakaatu te kaha ki te whakarite me te pera i runga i. E hangaia Techniques mō te Tātarihia te kōhungahunga pakeke, te tuatahi, me te tuatahi, ki te whakaatu i hihiko o te tamaiti mō te kura, me te whakakore i te ara mau hapa taea te vitiviti i roto i te mātauranga, me te māramatanga o te ao. I mua i te tuku o te kindergarten ki maha noho kōhungahunga tamariki te akomanga e whai ake nei:

• "Sculpture". E whakaatu ana tēnei whakamātautau te pai whakawhanakehia ataata-nekeneke o te tamaiti, ataata-taipe, ara kōrero-arorau o te whakaaro. He he mahi e whakaekea te tamaiti te hoki ki te 5-10 meneti te hanga i kerepeti whakairo. whakaturia hoki te hua e i 0 ki te 10 ngā:
  0-1 -, aua, ki te kahore i taea e ki te feruri i roto i taua e sculpt ia te wa wahi i runga i te mahi i te tamaiti;
  2-3 ngā kitea hoki nga puka māmā (pōro, kupiki, poraka, me ētahi atu);
  4-5 ngā - i te hack ohie ki te maha iti o nga wahi;
  6-7 ngā - he artifact rerekē, engari kahore nui te whai wāhi o te wawata;
  whakairo taketake ki te nui rawaka o kongakonga, engari e kore e whakawhānuitia ki te mutunga - 8-9;
  E tutaki katoa o nga tikanga i runga ake - 10 ngā.
• "Haere ki te mohio te tau." whakaata ana tēnei tikanga i te whanaketanga o ngā momo o te mahara, te kawenga mō te āhukahuka. whakawhanakehia ana tēnei momo i roto i te tīmatanga o te nuinga i te tau, me te he kawenga mo te hanganga anō o te kaha ki te takanga mai me te pupuri mōhiohio.

whanaunga pāhekoheko

e kore e taea te hanga e No te tangata i roto i te noho taratahi. Hoki te taiao pāpori tangata he nui, a mo te tangata iti anake - ara ake na. I roto i tona tupu whakapā nga tamariki ki o ratou matua, whanaunga, hoa, tuakana me te teina tamariki, ngā kaiako, kaiako, me te pera i runga i. pā enei hononga katoa te whanaketanga o te tuakiri me ona huru maitatai. Tei heke mai o te tamaiti i runga i tona hapori me te taiao. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau te āhua o te pai whakaawe hononga pāpori, i reira he whakamātautau motuhake mō ngā tamariki 5 tau, me te pakeke.

Ko tētahi o te rongonui tino me pinepine whakamahia - o tamariki Apperception Test Bellac. Ki tenei rangahau, ka taea e koe te tautuhi i te manawa ārahi me ngā hiahia o te tamaiti rite te tamaiti kite ana matua, ka hamani ratou (tae atu i te āhuatanga o faaipoipo), rawa te hononga ki ētahi atu iwi, ki te tāutu i ngā pakanga intrapersonal, tautuhi i te mahi o tikanga hinengaro paruru, ako mataku phobias, disorders hinengaro, te āwhina faaruru ratou ki te mau hopearaa kino.

whai wāhi AL Wenger ki te tātaritanga o ngā ākonga

Leonid Abramovich Venger - tetahi o nga kaimātai hinengaro Russian me Soviet tino nui te hunga kua whakatapua to ratou oraraa ki rangahau i te āhuatanga o te whanaketanga hinengaro o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga. Te nuinga o whakamātautau hou tonu tirohia ki te mahi i kotahi puritia A. L. Venger. whakawakia PhD peculiarities o perception o te ao, me te pa mātauranga o ngā tamariki taitamariki. I runga i te pūtake o enei raraunga, hanga ana e ia te whanaketanga tuatahi o tātaritanga tikanga kōhungahunga. I runga i te pūtake o tona rangahau whakapumautia te hōtaka "Development" me "tamaiti mohio".

E whakamahia ēnei tikanga puta noa i te kindergarten Russian. ngā ratou i roto i te haapiiraa i tamariki ki te whakamahi i runga i to ratou ake, me te hanga i te momo o kaupapa, mahere, tuhinga. Ko te hua ko te hanganga o te whakaaro auaha motuhake.

Ko tētahi o te tino whakamahia i roto i ona whakamātautau - picturesque. Tātaritanga o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga i te kaha whakatau e hāngai ana ki te runga hanga nga āhuatanga ratou whika tangata, ngā me kararehe paki, te utuafare whakapakoko hihiri. E ai ki nga whika e taea te whakatau mehemea ki te māramatanga o te tamaiti o te ao tau tūturu, te tautuhi i te tūranga pāpori me te tuakiri tino o te taiao, me te i roto i te utuafare, te whakatau i te pakeke o disorders hinengaro, korekore, manukanuka, me te pera i runga i.

Tātaritanga o te whanaketanga reo o ngā tamariki kōhungahunga

Tātaritanga o te kōhungahunga tamariki - he wāhi nui mo tetahi tamaiti, whakatau ona whakauru ki ngā whare mātauranga me te kaha ki te tōtika te kōrero ki te ao. Pēhea te pai taukei ia te kaha ki te whakapuaki i waha o ratou whakaaro, ka matau ai, ka whakawhirinaki i runga i te āhua o te pai matau ana iwi a tawhio noa (tae atu ki ngā kaiako), a pehea te pai ka whakawhenumi te mōhiohio i te waho.

Ki te whakaata te takinga whakairoiro i runga i te pūtau mō kōhungahunga pēhea te whakawhanakehia anō me te kukū i roto i te tamaiti, mo te tātaritanga o te reo ā-waha titau ona ake tikanga, te nuinga kōrero.

Hoki te whakamahi rerekē ngā rōpū pakeke whakamātautau rerekē, i te mea tino taiao. I ngā wāhanga ngā o tipu ake te tamaiti hei rangatira te pūkenga hou katoa, kia ara Unuhia whakamātautau i roto i runga i te whakaritenga o te tau.

Na, mo te rōpū pakeke o e toru ki te ono nga tau, i te tukanga "nekeneke Dictionary". Kei tēnei tikanga e pā ana ki te ono mahi o rerekē arotahi me te whakaata te nui o ngā kupu. whakaatu hoki i te reira me pehea e taea te tamaiti te whakamahi i te reo maori i roto i te ora ia rā, me te āhuatanga ngā e rapua e tauhohe tonu.

Hoki te pakeke rōpū pakeke whakamahia whakamātautau matatini atu e whakaatu te taumata o te whanaketanga o te reo, feohi hua, te kaha ki he mahara ki nga āhuatanga i runga i te pūtake o te perception ataata, me te māna. Ēnei whakamātautau ngā te tikanga Ebbinghaus. Ko te mahi o tenei tikanga whakamātautau e wātea ana, pērā i "Kōkuhu kupu ngaro," "Hoatu he ira, me te piko", kōrero aha rongo ia whatiwhatinga o te kuputuhi, Rauemi Pānui kōrero ā, faaineineraa o tono i te huinga i homai o kupu, he whakaahuatanga o te mea kei te tupu i roto i te pikitia hihiri, te ōwehenga o te rerekē syntactic puka tono ki ngā pikitia whakaata ratou tikanga, a na i runga i.

ngaio faaotiraa-whaiaro

Piki i roto i te kindergarten hou me ngā kura e whakamatautau mo te arata'iraa umanga i te tau o e rima ki te waru tau. kōrero te mea hei akiaki ia o tenei whakamātautau te wā. Techniques i ratou kaitautoko me, o te akoranga, hoariri. Heoi, i whakaurua tenei whakamātautau mō te take.

Kei te ngana piki te tauira hou o te mātauranga ki te hanga i tētahi hōtaka whakangungu i te kiato, me te tino motuhake. He mātua tutuki ngā kaupapa iti, e piki neke ki te mana o ngā akoranga kōwhiringa me ngā akomanga anō. Ko e 'uhinga whaiaro faaotiraa-rite te ngaio i te kuao taua tau, kia rite ki ngā tohunga maha i te taiao mātauranga, - he utu whaitake, me te wā penapena. tauturu i whakamātautau motuhake kitea pūāhua tino korerotia taha me te mentality, ngā ngākau nuitanga, peu, me ngā mahi e kawea nga sensations tino ahuareka, a ka āwhina i te whiriwhiri tikanga heke mai i runga i te pūtake o te raraunga whiwhi.

I te tahi taime e kore e taea e te tamaiti anake whakatau i runga i nga ngākau nuitanga me hiahia, i roto i tenei take, i taea e te whakamatautau taua korero ia ki ta e nehenehe e ia te mea i roto i tona wa e manawapa, he aha karapu tūmomo whakauru ranei, e ngaahi taumu◊a ko ki te ako ki te kaiako mō te haapiiraa anō. Otiia e kore e te taua ki te hei hua täu i whakamātautau iti. No mea pehea rerekē te pūnaha whakaaetia o mātauranga, e hiahiatia ana te whanaketanga kei te mo te hanganga tonu, me te tino o te tangata. Ka taea e tēnei whakamātau te āwhina whakatau hihiritanga o te ora, engari tino kore e hatepea hoki i runga i te nui o ngā mōhiohio whakatakotoria mo te whanaketanga tahi o te tangata iti.