Ksantoproteinovaya tauhohenga ki te pūmua: tohu, me te whārite tātai

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatū i te hanganga kounga o maha kai whakamahia ksantoproteinovaya tauhohenga ki te pūmua. Ka huri i te aroaro o waikawa amino kakara i roto i te ranunga i roto i te tae tauira whakamātautau pai.

He aha te pūmua

Kei te karangatia e hoki te reira i te pūmua, i te mea he rauemi hanga mo te tinana ora. mau tonu pūmua rahi uaua, whakahokia nga hanganga kiko kafó, me te mate o ngā whēkau, kia reira huruhuru, kiri me tuhonohono. Ki te to ratou whai wāhitanga, hua corpuscles toto whero, e faaterehia e te mahi noa o maha hormones me ngā pūtau pūnaha ārai mate.

Ko te rāpoi ngota matatini e ko te polypeptide he puranga nui ake i 6 ~ 10 ³ daltons tenei. hanganga Pūmua hanga toenga waikawa amino i roto i te maha nui o here peptide honoa.

Ko te hanganga o te pūmua

Ko te āhuatanga motuhake o enei matū whakaritea ki iti peptides taimaha rāpoi ko e whakawhanakehia e ratou he hanganga mokowā toru-ahu, tautoko pānga ki rerekē nekehanga o attraction. riro pūmua wha-hanganga. He ona ake āhuatanga hoki ia o ratou.

Ka rite ki te pūtake o te whakahaere tuatahi o nga rāpoi ngota ahu waikawa amino raupapa, hanganga e whakaae ksantoproteinovaya tauhohenga ki te pūmua. Tenei hanganga Ko te wā tukurua here peptide -HN-CH-ngai, he wahi Radicals whiriwhiri ko nga mekameka taha i roto i waikawa amino. tautuhi ratou atu āhuatanga o te taonga pera te katoa.

whakaaro te hanganga pūmua tuatahi te kaha nui, he tika ki te aroaro o kaha taunekeneke kotuari i roto i here peptide tenei. Ko te hanganga o ngā taumata muri puta i runga i te huru whakaturia i roto i te wāhanga tuatahi rānei.

He taea te hanganga o te hanganga tuarua e tika ana ki te kowiria o te raupapa waikawa amino i roto i te tōrino, i roto i nei whakapumautia here hauwai e i waenganui i nga hohoko.

whakahaere taumata Tuatoru o ngā rāpoi ngota i hanga e tono tetahi o te tōrino ki runga ki te tahi atu whatiwhatinga ki te takanga o hononga katoa taea i waenganui ratou, ki te hauwai, disulfide, kotuari ranei pūhui katote. Ko te hua ko te rōpū i roto i te puka o globules.

Ko te whakaritenga mokowā o te hanganga tuatoru ki te hanganga o here matū i waenganui ratou arata'i ki te hanganga o te ahua whakamutunga o te rāpoi ngota taumata quaternary ranei.

waikawa amino

meinga ratou nga āhuatanga matū o pūmua. E pā ana ki 20 nui waikawa amino hanga ake te polypeptides i roto i te raupapa rerekē. Tenei waikawa aminocarboxylic onge te tuku ano i roto i te puka hydroxyproline me hydroxylysine ahu peptide taketake.

Ka rite ki te tohu o te āhukahuka ksantoproteinovaya pūmua tauhohe, te aroaro o etahi waikawa amino whakarato te huringa tae o tauhohenga, kï te aroaro o ngā hanganga motuhake i roto i to ratou hanganga.

Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, he ratou waikawa e kua puta whakauru o te hauwai ngota i runga i te rōpū amino.

He hanganga tauira o te rāpoi ngota e mahi i te tātai hanganga glycine (HNH- HCH- COOH) rite te waikawa amino māmā.

I roto i tenei take tetahi o nga hydrogens CH ₂ - kia whakakapi e te waro roa tuwhena kei te benzene mowhiti, amino, sulfo, carboxy.

He aha te ksantoproteinovaya tauhohenga

Hoki tātari kounga o pūmua te whakamahi i ngā tikanga. Ēnei ngā tauhohe:

• biuret ki te ahua o te tae puru;
• ninhydrin ki te hanga i te otinga puru-puru;
• formaldehyde ki te whakatū o te tae whero;
• Nogier ki te hohenga ka te tae hina-mangu.

I roto i te mau ana i roto i whakamatauria ia tikanga te aroaro o pūmua me te aroaro o etahi rōpū mahi i roto i to ratou rāpoi ngota.

He ksantoproteinovaya tauhohenga ki te pūmua. Kei te karanga a hoki te reira i te rärangi Mulder. E pā ana te reira ki te tauhohe tae mō pūmua, i roto i nei i reira he waikawa amino kakara, me te heterocyclic.

He āhuatanga o te taua tukanga tauira he nitration te waikawa hauota toenga waikawa amino huringa i roto i ngā te rironga o te rōpū nitro ki te mowhiti benzene.

Ko te hua o tenei tukanga ko te hanganga o te pūhui nitro, i Nā. Ko te taketake tauhohenga āhuatanga ksantoproteinovaya tenei.

He aha whakaritea te waikawa amino

E kore e taea te kitea waikawa aminocarboxylic katoa te whakamahi i taua he tauira. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te ksantoproteinovaya pūmua rapunga tauhohe - te aroaro o te mowhiti benzene mowhiti heterocyclic ranei i roto i te waikawa amino rāpoi ngota.

No te mea taratahi te pūmua kei i waikawa aminocarboxylic rua kakara, i roto i nei i reira ko te rōpū phenyl (mo te phenylalanine), me te hydroxyphenyl tuwhena (i roto i te tyrosine).

Ki te takoto ksantoproteinovaya tauhohenga te heterocyclic amino waikawa tryptophan, indole he he karihi kakara. Ko te aroaro o te pūhui runga ake i roto i te pūmua homai te huringa tae āhuatanga o te taiao whakamātautau.

He aha te whakamahi tauhohenga

Hoki e mau ana i roto i te tauhohenga ksantoproteinovaya Me ki te whakarite i tētahi 1% otinga o te hua pūmua, takenga huawhenua ranei.

whakamahia te tikanga hua manu, wehea nei mo te wehenga atu o te pūmua i te toene. Hoki te 1% otinga o te pūmua i diluted i roto i te nui atui o te wai te pure. I muri i te whakakāhoretanga o te hua pūmua wai kia tātaritia i roto i te maha o ngā paparanga o te cheesecloth. kia penapena i tenei otinga i roto i te wahi raumati.

Ko taea ki te kawe i te tauhohe ki te pūmua huawhenua. No te faaineine i te otinga whakamahia te paraoa witi i roto i te nui o te 0.04 kg. 0,16 l o te wai te pure. i konatunatua te kai i roto i te puoto e here ana e te mo te 24 haora i roto i te wahi raumati i te pāmahana o e pā ana ki + 1 ° C. I te mutunga o te ra i whakaohokia te otinga, aru i te filtration tuatahi ona ki te wūru miro, me te ka - te tātari pepa takai. i pupuri te wai hua i roto i te wahi raumati. Ko te nuinga reira i roto i te hautanga albumin tenei otinga.

Hoki e mau ana i roto i te ksantoproteinovaya tauhohe rite te kaiwhakahohe whakamahia kukū te waikawa hauota matua. Atu tauhohenga ko te otinga o te 10% waihā konutai ranei haukini, te otinga gelatin me phenol unconcentrated.

Ko te tikanga o te

I roto i te ngongo ma i hanga te 1% otinga pūmua hua -th paraoa ranei i roto i te nui o 2 ml. Ki tenei te tapiritia e pā ana ki 9 pata o waikawa hauota takiwa ki mutu flocculation. I hana te ranunga hua, hua hohenga kōwhai āta riro me haere tona kara ki otinga.

A, no te mātao iho te wai i roto i te ngongo me te taiepa tapiritia e pā ana ki 9 pata o te konutai waihā, hāngai, i te mea i te taikaha mo te tukanga. riro te reo tauhohenga kawakore. riro Ihirangi tae karaka i roto i te ipuipu.

āhuatanga o

Mai i huaina ksantoproteinovaya tauhohenga kounga ki te waikawa hauota i te mahi o nga pūmua, whakamana te tauira i raro i ngā autahu'araa fume. Kia mau whakatūpatotanga haumaru katoa ka mahi ki matū waihā takiwa.

Ko te tuku o te tirotiro i te ngongo kia puta i roto i te tukanga whakawera e me whakaaro ka āpiti reira ki te taata tei mau, a ka tīpako i te honga.

Waea o te waikawa hauota takiwa, me te konutai waihā kia whakamahi noa i te pipette rāhuitia pipette karaihe me te terise rapa i te mangai.

tauhohenga pātahi ki phenol

Hoki mārama, tukanga haamauraa o te aroaro o te rōpū phenyl me kawea i roto i ki te tauira hydroxybenzene rite.

Te ngongo hanga 2 mL o phenol diluted, ka āta haere te taiepa, i tapiritia 2 ml o te waikawa hauota takiwa. I waiho i raro i te otinga ki te whakawera, ai riro te reira kōwhai. Tenei tauhohenga Ko te kounga o te aroaro o te whakakai benzene.

Tukanga hydroxybenzene nitrated ki te waikawa hauota aru e te hanganga o te ranunga o te p-nitrophenol me o-nitrophenol i roto i te ōrau o te 15 ki te 35.

whakamātautau Tauritenga ki gelatin

Hei whakamatau i taua ksantoproteinovaya tauhohenga ki te pūmua heheu te waikawa amino ki te hanganga kakara, te whakamahi i pūmua kore e e whai i te rōpū phenolic.

I roto i te ngongo ma i hanga te 1% otinga gelatin i roto i te nui o 2 ml. Ki tenei te tapiritia e pā ana ki 9 pata o waikawa hauota takiwa. He wera te ranunga hua. E kore te otinga i tae i roto i te kōwhai, e faaite te ngaro o waikawa amino ki te hanganga kakara. I te tahi taime i reira he he kōwhaitanga iti o te taiao e tika ana ki te aroaro o poke pūmua.

whārite matū

I roto i te tauhohenga taahiraa e rua rere ksantoproteinovaya pūmua. whakaahua ana Tātai tukanga nitration atamira tuatahi rāpoi waikawa amino te whakamahi i te waikawa hauota kukū.

He tauira ko te tāpiritanga o te rōpū nitro ki te tyrosine ki te hanga i nitrotyrosine me dinitrotirozina. I roto i te take tuatahi ki te mowhiti benzene piri te kotahi KORE ₂ -radical, a ka whai tuarua te pūhui e whakakapia e rua ngota hauwai e KORE _2. Matū tauhohe tyrosine tātai ksantoproteinovaya kanohi e te tauhohenga ki te waikawa hauota ki te hanga i nitrotyrosine rāpoi ngota.

tahi tukanga Nitration e whakawhitinga tae te huitahi i roto i te reo kōwhai. I roto i te whakahaere i tenei tauhohe ki pūmua kei roto i te waikawa amino ngā toenga phenylalanine ranei tryptophan, me te tae o nga huringa otinga.

Ko te taahiraa tuarua ko te hua tauhohe o nitration o ngā rāpoi ngota tyrosine, ngā nitrotyrosine, ki te haukinia konutai waihā ranei. Ko te hua ko te konutai haukini ranei te tote i roto i nei te tae kōwhai-karaka. e pā ana te tauhohenga taua te ki te taea o ngā rāpoi ngota nitrotyrosine neke i roto i te puka quinoid. Muri tote i hanga reira waikawa nitronic, e kua he pūnaha quinone o conjugated here rua.

Ko te kupu mutu ksantoproteinovaya tauhohenga ki pūmua. aroaro te whārite i runga taahiraa tuarua.

hua

I roto i te tātari o fluids roto i te ngongo e toru, diluted te otinga tohutoro i te phenol. Matū ki te mowhiti benzene hoatu tauhohenga kounga ki te waikawa hauota. Ka rite ki te hua, e taui te reira i te tae o te otinga.

Ka rite ki mohiotia te, Kei gelatin he puka hydrolyzed o collagen. E kore e te pūmua i roto i te hanganga kakara o nga ngā waikawa amino. No huringa i roto i te tae o te reo i te tauhohenga ki te waikawa.

I te toru o te ipuipu reira ko te tauhohenga pai ki pūmua ksantoproteinovaya. Ka taea te unu Opaniraa e whai ake: pūmua katoa ki te hanganga kakara, ahakoa te mea hei rōpū phenyl he mowhiti indole ranei, hoatu te huringa i roto i te tae o te otinga. Ko e tika ana ki te hanganga o te pūhui nitro ki te tae kōwhai tenei.

A amo ana i roto i te tauhohenga tae faaite te aroaro o ngā hanganga matū i roto i waikawa amino me pūmua. E whakaatu ana TAUIRA gelatin e tona hanganga ngā waikawa aminocarboxylic kore he rōpū phenyl te hanganga huringa ranei.

Ki te ksantoproteinovaya taea tauhohe whakamārama i te kiri kōwhaitanga ka tono ki reira he waikawa kaha hauota. Ka riro i te taua te tae waiu e huhuka i roto i tona tātaritanga rite.

I roto i te mahi taiwhanga haumanu kore te tenei tauira tae whakamahia mo te rapunga o te pūmua i roto i te mimi. Ko e tika ana ki te tae kōwhai o te mimi iho tenei.

Ksantoproteinovaya tauhohenga ka piki whakamahia mō te ine rahinga o waikawa amino pērā i tryptophan me tyrosine, hei wāhanga o ngā pūmua.