Lockheed SR-71 manu pango: rere mahi

Lockheed SR-71 - tetahi o nga rererangi tirohia, tino rongonui, me te wā kotahi tetahi o te unknown tino. "Manu pango" Ko te brainchild o rongonui kaihoahoa rererangi Clarence Johnson, upoko o te Tari o te whanaketanga tirohanga (ADP) kamupene Lockheed. Hangaia i roto i te mutunga o nga 50s ', "manu pango" me tenei ra titiro Futuristic, me tenei ahakoa te meka e kore e hanga i te reira ki te awhina o rorohiko tiketike-tere, rite i runga i te poari tuhi tikanga.

hoahoa

hanga SR-71 manu pango i runga i te "tailless" ki te parirau e rua-takere tapatoru, me te hiawero. Ko te hoahoa o te tuku iho - ki stringers, papa, a fakamamafa'i kiri. Āta "mitikia" e kore e puka motupaika anake. "Waka rererangi Puku", hanga e te hangarau Puku whakaaro te ki hei te tenenga o te tekau tau whakamutunga, engari ko te nuinga "manu pango" whakaurua te i roto i te hoahoa i te hangarau. takiwa porotaka me papa te kahui maeneene mahi rererangi iti papai ki hihiani.

He tata kahore papa flat rautaki tirohia, paorangi. Okotahi - he rākau tika nui, engari kei te tītaha ratou roto, i te whakaiti i to ratou rohe toreretanga whai hua. I tua atu, i roto i te hanganga o te mata mua, me te autō tono rauemi irirangi-ngongo i te puka o fakahū tapatoru waihanga kirihou pūtau. Tenei puka o ngaru fakahū irirangi kitea i roto i te tapatoru ki te whakaoti i attenuation. I te tihi o te mahi ketia waerehe te tohu kitea i te rererangi, patoto puputu'u ngā hihiani korero.

rere roa i paorangi kīia, te manureva i raro te ki whakawera taimaha, me te roa. Na reira, i te hanga "manu pango" tata 93% ngā o "Beta-B 120 'wera-ātete, me te tiketike-kaha Titanium koranu.

takere

Hoatu e te tere o te awhi parirau kiri whenu maeneene me te pupuhi i te whakawera, kua meinga enei āhuatanga kowakawaka. awaawa ahopou e kore anake hei whakaū i rara, engari neke ake ano te rohe tohanga wera, tata kahore te whakanui ake i tō.

He maha American hou Warplanes i nodules i runga i te pakiaka o te parirau, engari "manu pango" noho ratou i te roa katoa o te takere, i te mea he aha tahuri tona wāhanga o te a tawhio ki tata te taimana-āhua. E tākaro ēnei nodules he wāhi rua: ki te waihanga i tētahi tino nui anga, i te whakaiti i te taha o te hawhe te kau piko i runga i te takere roa, a hoki mahi ki te hāngai wahie, me te taputapu. I tua atu, mahi ratou i runga i nga motupaika, whakaiti tō.

Te waka kei roto i tatahi, "i roto i te taupiri" ki ruma takitahi, te whakatuwhera hoki rama. hanga Glazing tauira CAB Lockheed SR-71 te o te karaihe motuhake, uaua radiation hihi katinga rānei i i teitei tiketike. He rangi-makatuunga ruma, rere te waka i roto i te take pēhanga.

parirau

Ko te parirau he tea o tamahanahana waho, te whakaiti i te taime piko a ka romia e ki runga reira. Kokoa ki te tauira i roto i te rerenga hau whakakitea e te hiahia mō ngā paki kākaho ranei kahore - parirau nui i runga i te taunga hanga i te urunga rangi kaha, whakarato i te ūnga rawa ngohengohe, tata kahore wawaotanga o te kaiurungi. Whānui āta mokowā nacelle mānia ka whai i runga i te waho i te komititanga ki te mata ārahi o te parirau sagging appreciable.

hiku

hanga hiku Poutū tselnopovorotnym. Ēnei ngā rākau atu whai hua atu i ngā mata mana tikanga 2.5 wa, me te rapu utu iti koki deflection, e whakaiti resistance. tara deflection mōrahi "manu pango" koki ka kīia e ki runga, ki te Makapera 0.5 Ko 20 °, i te tere teitei e heke aunoa ki te 10 °. Keely i tahuri whekau i te 15 °, e kua he pānga pai i runga i te pūmautanga me te controllability. Hei tauira, e kore te mea e wehi o crosswinds ki runga ki te 18 m / s SR-71 manureva paorangi. Ko te mata autō o te parirau e katoa nohoia e nga ailerons ngā me elevators.

motors

"Manu pango" E rua momo engine rawa kaha TRD Pratt & Whitney JT11D-20e (tetahi ti'araa - J58) aki o 144,56 KN. I roto i a ratou i te nui ngā ngaro "manu pango": tahuri tino 3 i te tere o motors Mach i tahi-o nāianei: 58% o te taipana homai he horomanga rangi, 25% - me te pupuha ko te 17 anake% - te pūkaha tūturu. hangaia kokorutanga Air o te rererangi "manu pango" i kia rite ki te whakarato i te wahi nui o te akina katoa. Kua hanga nga mahuetanga whakarite ki te pupuri i te ngaru ru i roto i te horomanga rangi.

Constructing J58 engine, tohunga i Pratt & Whitney tūpono fifi nui: tae rangi kokoru pāmahana 380 ° C, i roto i te injector wahie - 160 ° C, i roto i te afterburner - 280 ° C, me te hinu pūkaha - 485 ° C. Na reira J58 hanga, haunga Titanium, kua kitea e tono ngā nika superalloys Hastelloy-X, ko Rene-41. Nā ki tenei waiariki engines tikanga ahotea i nga 200 haora o te mahi disassembly oti, me te tirohanga.

huriaro

Huriaro "manu pango" Tricycle ki te wira ihu. tautoko nasal ki e rua wira retracted atu, te matua - ki te pokapū. Huriaro horoia tonu i muri i mahue i te whenua, mai i Lockheed SR-71 hohoro whakatere ki te tere mōrahi whakaaetia rere ki te taunga taputapu (555 km / h). tautoko matua i toru wira i runga i te auri taua ki te whakaiti i te pēhanga ki runga ki te whenua, me te i te wa ano e whakaora i te rōrahi ā-o te takere.

Tires kore hanga o rapa, a o te rauemi wera-ātete motuhake, me i roto i te tikanga ki te mau tonu i te pēhanga tamau i aratau rere katoa, a kahore e ki tonu i te rangi ki te karo hāora me te hauota. E ratou he takahi maeneene me te hipoki ki te peita hiriwa ki te whakaiti i te wera. Wells huriaro karapotia e tāke wahie - mahi wahie rite te coolant.

pūnaha braking

whakaratohia reconnaissance rererangi te ki te diameter braking hekerangi kotahi o 12 m, hangaia mā te whakamahi i te cutter tonu i muri i tata'o tere i 280-330 km / h. hanga te hekerangi te o te rauemi wera-ātete motuhake, me te mata meinga upoko tere kore ki te pipiripia. tihorea reira atu ia te whakaiti i te tere manureva ki te 110 km / h ki kahore raruraru i roto i ngā rākau ei taamuraa.

taputapu

Ka whakamahia e US Air Force i te pūnaha tino matatau me te mana telemetry. whakaratohia "manu pango" pūnaha waru-hongere te ki te resilience (STCs), Paremata te pāhekeheke "hanga-i roto i" o te rererangi (meinga nei e te whakawera pāhiwihiwi i roto i ina tauihi ana rere). mahi ana te pūnaha i runga i te katoa e toru titaha me toru nga wa ki te tārua.

I te tere o Makapera 3, me urungi mahi ake maia rawa kia arahi ki te huringa ohorere o te tūranga o te rererangi i roto i te wāhi, e taea arahi ki tona whakangaromanga. I te tahi atu te ringa, i runga i te tiketike, i runga i nei i te SR-71 manu pango, te kiato rangi he iti iho i te 2% o tona kiato i te taumata moana, tono deflection urungi nui.

i whakapumautia SPU e Honeywell, a ko tetahi o te pono tino i roto i te manureva katoa: MTBF ia e pā ana ki 130 000 haora. Ki te te pakaru tonu te pūnaha, uaua ki te whakahaere i te rererangi i roto i ina tauihi ana, engari ka taea.

Kua whakawhanakehia hoki Honeywell kamupene he rorohiko mō te tukatuka raraunga rere, taea te ako mō te distortion puta i roto i te rere i kīia e paorangi. No te mea o te rangi pēhanga kino kaha i teitei tiketike whakaaro tikanga ki tāuru i ngongo HDPE i hārakiraki. Ko te uara tangohia o te tere poutū, hiki me te tere o te tau Mach ki te whakaatu i te rorohiko ki te toru whakaatu mamati i roto i te vahi pailati.

pūnaha wahie

Ko te kaha me te roa pereni whakawera Lockheed SR-71 i roto i te ina tauihi ana rere hiahiatia te whanaketanga o lubricants hou, te käpia, slurries, rauemi mātao me te rite. D. Ko te kupu, te wahie whakamahia i roto i te "manu pango" waitohu JP-7, kua he taua pāmahana teitei pakarutanga i whakaturia ahi ki tona kaiwhakahohe motuhake - triethylborane (TEB). No te mea o tenei te whakamahia te reira rite te coolant mo meangiti i te fare tāngata me te tairongo tino ki pukā o ngā kōpuku, i roto i ngā tahuhu. Engari kia rite ki te hanga wahie timata whakawera pāhiwihiwi o te takere, meinga deformation o tona totohu.

I roto i te tank motuhake i roto i te manureva i reira te mea he rakau o te triethylborane ki tīmata te pūkaha i roto i te rangi, me te tahuri ki runga ki afterburner. whakaratohia maramarama rautaki tāke e ono wahie e roto i 46,000 rita o wahie. Tanks tōpu taiepa o runga me raro o ngā puka whakakikorua, ka nama ki ngā hōrapatanga, ngā hukihuki o te Airframe nahanaha i roto i te para me te tautauā, anganga ratou. I muri i nga 200 haora o rere i hiritia ratou engari tonu rāpihi e rerengia ana me kohikohi harotoroto wahie katoa i raro i-tu i runga i te waka rererangi. Mai JP-7, he wahie kore-ahua, te nuinga kahore ahi mōrearea, engari i roto i ina tauihi ana taiepa rere tank e wera ki te 280 ° C, kia e ara te wahie JP-7 i tona tiketike paemura taea hoatu he pahūtanga. Na reira, i roto i te waka tauā rere tonu i te hauota.

āhuatanga hangarau

He nga ngā e whai ake nei Tauira SR-71:

• Length - 32.7 m.
• Parirau: 16.9 m.
• Teitei - 5.6 m.
• Tangohia-atu te taimaha - ki runga ki te 78 taranata.
• ngā Flight - 4800-5200 km.
• Mōrahi tere - 2125 km / h i te teitei o 9000 m, me te 3220 km / h i te teitei o 24,000 mita.

rākau

O nga kōwhiringa e toru, "manu pango" i tangohia jet paorangi anake Interceptor YF-12. Tuhinga reira o wha missiles "rangi-ki-rangi» Hughes gar-9 (whai-47A) Super-Falcon, piri i te ūnga whakamahi i te hihiani AN / ASG-18E. taatou reconnaissance ringa i ahakoa whakawhānuitia ki runga ki kōwhiringa tāutanga ki SR-71 ki te ipu tuku pōma karihi, i roto i te tikanga rererangi Convair B-58 Hustlen.

parori

Manureva rererangi hōia e whai wāhi nui i roto i te rautaki pakanga hou. Ahakoa te āmiorangi rōpū aroturuki faahiahia o te mana nui, he nui tonu i roto i te misioni reconnaissance rererangi. Pea ko reira te tino rongonui rererangi reconnaissance manu pango.

He te "wahi wera" katoa o te ao, SR-71 kua kore i te patototanga iho. I roto i te 1972 faahitihia e ia nga kupu o te haihana Air Force mua nei mahi i roto i te National Agency Haumarutanga i te buka aamu hōia pekerangi: "Koperea iho te kore he taea SR-71." hua Haihana wā i reira i ngana nga Hainamana ki te mahi, engari te kaiurungi Interceptor "mig-21" whakaarahia anake i taea e te whakaoho fifili te wahi kua mimiti te hara. E ai ki a ia, "manu pango" ka rere i runga i te rohe Soviet, a tuhia te teihana whakarongo NSA haere nga rohe o te USSR te tauhohe o te korero rangi Soviet. Ano, ka mea te haihana o mua e whakaaetia te US hiko-maramarama tikanga ratou ki te whai i te whati o tata katoa rererangi hōia Soviet, a tae noa whakatau nei e ētehi wā e te mīhini ngā. A i roto i tenei kaiaka nui "whitu tekau-tuatahi."

rere Neke 70 rererangi American mo Te Tai Tokerau Korea, China, Cuba, me nga rohe o te USSR. I roto i tenei take, i reira nga hui ki te tere i te wa te Interceptor Soviet - mig-25P, a ka haere mai ratou ki te mutunga, kia rite ki nga marite, e kore e roto i manakohia o te muri. Ko reira ano hoki whakamātau tutuki ki te tiki i te parori "te āheinga" i te wa i te hou missiles anti-rererangi.

Lockheed A-12

Ko te ingoa "manu pango" maha e pā ana ki te matataua rautaki SR-71. Heoi, i muri i tenei ingoa e rua atu motokā iti pai-mohiotia: A-12 me YF-12.

Ko te kōrero o enei iku'anga rawa pākiki. Kei te mohiotia te reira e te rererangi kaha rangi US i te whakarōpūtanga mārama. auraa whakarāpopototanga YF te piha haapiiraa toa, i roto i te meka, ko YF-12 he toa whakamātautau. Reta A (whakaeke) e pootitia ana ekea e, ko te A-12 Ko mārama e kore e rite ki te whakaeke. meatia tenei te ki whakapoauau maramarama Soviet i muri i te tutukitanga o te ao rahi koperea iho ki runga Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), he US tirohia, rererangi. Na ka korerotia e te peresideni Eisenhower Khrushchev kore ki te whakamahi i hāpaki rererangi i roto i te rangi i runga i te Soviet Union, engari kaupapa Lockheed tika i arotahi ki runga i enei ngā mahi. Ōkawa, i whakaaro ia he "tivira", rite ki te CIA no - whakahaere e kore e hōia.

E Hānuere i rite mo te whakamātautau 1962 A-12 tauira. I muri i te rere tuatahi tahuri reira i roto i taua he rota o hē i roto i te hanganga. Rawa rapu powerplant whiua kokorutanga whakamahine roa, me te mahi a. Ahakoa tenei, whakarewa te A-12 i roto i te raupapa - te CIA hiahiatia wawe reconnaissance nui-tere ki te whakakapi i te tawhito U-2. i whakaputaina 14 tauira.

Āhuatanga hoahoa

Lockheed A-12 noho te reira i tino whakamātautau - i reira e rave rahi kohakore e taea te whakakorea anake te whakaoti i te hoahoa. Pea rangatira i roto ia ratou - he pikaunga nui i runga i te pairati, e, i roto i te tua ki te mahi o te rererangi, i roto ano kihai i nei te ohipa ohie, i ki te akakoromaki i te maha razvedapparaturoy.

i kaha tohu tohu waho o te-12 ihu ki taha tika o te wahi mua o nga sags takere me te mutu poto o te muri. Ko te rerekētanga matua i nga whakarerekētanga muri o "manu pango" i ai ko reira he kotahi. Hoki pailati ko razvedoborudovaniya wehenga (he pera-ka karanga Q-wehenga), taputapu hāpaki noho i roto i te memeha o te takere. Ki te okotahi onge, noho te A-12 tata katoa unpainted - pango i tika te kopere ki te pailati, te mata ārahi parirau me te tihi o te kainga rangi.

YF-12 Interceptor

Kei te whawhai e ia he peka o "manu pango" utuafare. Ko te rerekētanga matua i te rererangi tirohia:

• I te YF-12 eke te mana ahi tauira hihiani Hughes AN / ASG-18E ki te pūnaha IR rapu haumi me te aroturuki o ngā taumata.
• Rākau o te riri - e wha nga missiles Whāinga-47A (GAR-9) Super-Falcon ". Rangi-ki-rangi"
• Hoki pairatiraa hei utu o Q-wehenga, he turanga tuarua, te wahi whakanohoia te kaiwhakahaere i ringa.

I roto i 1964, te kaihoahoa Klerens Dzhonson Kolliera whakawhiwhia "mō whakatutukitanga tino i roto i te aeronautics US". I i māngai te whakaaturanga o Lockheed YF-12 rererangi, peita pango. No reira, pea, a haere ana a reira ratou ingoa ōpaki - "Black Bird".

Whakamutunga o te wā

Na roto i te tīmatanga o nga eighties rauemi mihini i reira kua ki runga ki te wane, a pupuri ratou i roto i te huru e rere meinga kua tino raruraru. i mawehe atu TRD J-58 i te mākete i roto i te mutunga o nga Heoi, me ahakoa he katoa 200 haora o engines mahi disassembly oti, me te tirohanga, me i muri i nga 600 haora - nāna, fakanatula, kakahuria e ratou i roto i: ngā tūranga uaua ki engines. wahi e manawapa ki te tiki i te reira uaua ake.

I roto i te puna o 1988, korerotia te US Minita Air Force Edvard Oldridzh e te utu o te tiaki i te kaipuke SR-71 he rite ki te utu mo te tiaki o te parirau e rua o te toa rererangi. E te wa te maha o ngā waka i roto i te te whakamahi iti e te hawhe - i 12 ki te 6. I te 1989, i whakaritea e te reira ki te tango i te rererangi reconnaissance SR-71 ki patu. 1990 I roto i te puna, i te "whitu tekau-tuatahi" pāhuatia. E toru cars Flight Test Center, NASA Dryden i kīia ki rite rere taiwhanga mo te ako o te whati paorangi. O te toe i te iti rawa e ono taha e pūmau a taea takahi, ki te tika, kia kawea mai ki tu'unga rere.