Lomonosov mahi. Ko nga ingoa o nga mahi pūtaiao o Lomonosov. mahi a Lomonosov pūtaiao i roto i te matū, i roto i te ōhanga, i te mara o te tuhinga

Ko te pūtaiao ao-rongonui tuatahi Russian, kaiako, rohi pehe, kaiwhakarewa o te "momo e toru" ariā rongonui, e muri hoatu ara ki te hanganga o te reo tuhituhi Russian, te tumu kōrero, te toi - ko Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov tenei. Ko ana mahi rite te ahi e i roto i te pouri te pouri te rapu. I muri i te katoa, ko ia taea ki te whakaheke marama i runga i te wahi pakaru i roto i te pūnaha o te mātauranga motu, hanga reira te utu, māngai kore anake tuatahi o nga akomanga o runga, engari ano hoki nga peasants. I teie mahana, iritihia mahi o Lomonosov pai-mohiotia ki reo maha, me te e whakamahia i roto i ngā wāhi maha. Na, he aha mahi mohiotia Lomonosov?

matū

whakamana Mikhail he hoariri pūmau o te huarahi noatia ki te ako o te tītohu matū. ko taunu ana te pūtaiao o te mua ia, kahore i riro i te whakamārama whaitake. I tua atu, ko ia ki te ariā "e pā ana ki te fluids faahiahia" me nga uara i i whakawhiwhia i roto i te whakamārama o ngā ari tinana, me te matū o te wā.

rangahau matū tīmata Mikhail i tau tona ākonga. Ko ia te tangata tuatahi i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai hoatu matū rite te pūtaiao, e kore koe. Te nuinga o te rangahau kawea ia ki waho i roto i te hanga e te taiwhanga tona tikanga.

E ai ki Lomonosov, te kēmihi pono e tika ana ki te whakarite i rua tūranga: e rua pūkenga me ngā. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kitea te whakamahi o ratou whakapae i roto i te mahi e hāngai ana. E ai ki kua whakamatauria ratou te kaupapa corpuscular, wehea e ia nga matū i runga i te pera-ka karanga "tīmata", "hiato" me "whakauru".

I muri whiwhi i te raau taero e hiahiatia ana i roto i te 1744 tau, he raupapa roa o rangahau i runga i te wāwāhi o tai me konganuku a Lomonosov. tukanga Past whakakorenga wehea ia ki e rua ngā rōpū, ki te tuku me te absorption o te wera. Ko e mo'oni, rite mohiotia kua, āhuatanga te whakakorenga o te whakarewa i roto i te tukanga waikawa e te tuku o te wera, me te i roto i te tukanga o ā tātau i te reira i roto i te wai, i runga i te anga ke, kua riro.

Tukanga ratou whakaahuatia whakakorenga Lomonosov ki tūranga mīhini tūturu i roto i tona tau. He mea nui hoki ki te mōhio e te kitenga fakamatala'i ia rawa tika whakahaere tukanga matū mā te whakamahi i te karu ki te hua 360-puninga.

A amo ana i roto i ngā ki runga ki wāhinga o te tote i roto i te wai ko te take mo te takanga o te pera-ka karanga tītohunga o solvation i roto i wairewa waiwai (hydration). I runga i tenei āhuatanga, i roto i te whakapā ki te wai, saietí tote ki katote, me enei i roto i tahuri e karapotia e te tata tata macromolecules wai.

Etahi wa i muri mai, tukua ia te parau haapiiraa "I te mau umeraa konganuku," me te wahi iti i muri mai - "Ko te whanau me te āhua o te haukini pākawa."

fokotu'u MV Lomonosov e i roto i te matū i reira e rua ngā rōpū o mau huru matū motuhake o tinana. Ko te rōpū tuatahi pēnei ia te tinana kei roto i te tamau i runga i te matūriki taea te mumu, te rua o nga rōpū rānei - ratou tae, karaihe, reka, kakara, me te tahi atu mau huru maitatai.

Ano, whakawakia te ariā i runga i te pūtake o nei, i tetahi tae (ki te kahore pango) i taea te wehea enei pūtaiao ki toru - kōwhai, whero, me te puru.

Ahakoa te tokomaha nui o ratou whakahaere ngā tinana me te matū, kua noho te nuinga o ratou oti. I roto i te tūponotanga katoa, te take hoki tenei i he kaiputaiao ringa rehe e ahurei.

mahi pūtaiao o Lomonosov i roto i te matū ki te paingia te anga e tika ana mō ngā kitenga te whai-ake. Tona koha i te mara o te matū tinana ko te hanganga o tenei pūtaiao i roto i Russia. Kua whai wāhi mahi pūtaiao o Lomonosov i roto i te matū ki tenei nekehanga i roto i te whanaketanga o tenei pūtaiao, e ara i muri i te i, utua te pūtaiao takitahi ko te rota o te whakarongo ki runga ki te wahi o pǐpǐ.

Otiia ko tona paetae matua i te whakatairanga o te reo matatini matū. whakaaro te tauira tino a Tūrongo, o te pepeha taua ko te "kupu e pā ana ki te painga o te matū", tai'o ratou i runga i Academic Meeting i 1751.

ahupūngao

Kei te tika whakaaro ia te "papa" o ahupūngao Russian. he āhuatanga motuhake i Techniques me whakaaro huarahi Lomonosov. Rerekē hoa maha, kei te whakamahia whānuitia te reira i roto i te whakapae rangahau me ko te tuatahi ki te whakakitea te aroaro o te natura rāpoi, me te atomistic o nga matūriki o taonga.

I tonu te ākonga, ka ia hiahia i roto i te ahupūngao - ranei kaua, te ariā o te hanganga o te mea. I roto i tetahi pūtaiao, ngā reira te nuinga nga āhuatanga tefito e te hunga taumauri i te natura.

ko Lomonosov te whakaaro te wa tuatahi te oraraa o na-ka karanga kore pūmau. Katahi ka, ki te whakataki o taua te pūrere ruri, ano he unahi,, i taea ki te whakamatau i te hape o te whakaaro i runga i te whakanui ake i te rahi o te konganuku i roto i to ratou calcination ia. ko M. V. Lomonosov tenei. Ana mahi pūtaiao i roto i ara maha whakatakotoria he turanga pai mo te whanaketanga o te ahupūngao hou.

Ko ia te tangata e whakatakoto tuatahi te whakapae i runga i te hononga o te tītohu hiko, me te optical i runga i te rere poutū rite nga puna pēhanga kōhauhau o te take mai hiko o te aurora.

mahi Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov o runga i te wahi o nga physicists timata te takoha nui ki tenei pūtaiao. i oti rawa ia he rota o te wā tātari me te whakamārama i te āhua o te ari o te marama, me te whakaako e pā ana ki te hanganga tae. Ko te tuatahi nei ngana ki te whakatau i te hononga i waenganui i te tukanga e tīariari i roto i te natura, ko M. V. Lomonosov. Kua whai wāhi ana mahi ki te neke kitea i roto i te whanaketanga o tata katoa ngā wāhanga o te ahupūngao.

i oti rawa ia nui te wa ki te ako o te tītohu hiko. Ahakoa te pātai o te oraraa o te hiko pateko whakauaua whakaarahia. Ka pāhono Representation te pā ana o te hiko ki e rua kihai i te inu namata e tatararaa e rerengia ana i roto i te oko te uira ki te oa o te materialist Lomonosov. tano Scientific ki whakamārama i te āhuatanga o te hiko i roto i te tikanga ano rite i roto i te tikanga o te āhuatanga o te marama, me te wera. tuhituhi Lomonosov maha ngā mahi i oti rawa ki te ako o te hiko kōhauhau me te pateko.

Otiia kihai i iti tenei mahi o Lomonosov pai-mohiotia. E kore e ki te whakahua i, tona ariā rāpoi-nekeneke o te wera, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te mau haapiiraa o te faanahonahoraa o te mea i hanga o ngā ngota me ngā rāpoi ngota. I tua atu kua whakaahuatia i te reira i roto i te taipitopito i roto i tona mahi, "Ngaahi Fakakaukau ki te take o te wera me te makariri."

Taua pātai e pā ana ki te āhua o te tītohu tinana kitea MV Lomonosov. Works me te pūtaiao rangahau o te Physics ko te meka e i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau ahupūngao rua tekau kua riro te pūtaiao ārahi i roto i te mara o te pūtaiao māori.

Ko te fīsiki Russian tuatahi

puta Interest i roto i ari tiretiera i University i kōhungahunga, ka kite ia pikitia nui o auroras. whakanuia e ia ia kia rite ki te fīsiki Russian tuatahi, te kaiwhakarewa o ngā haerenga arorangi pūtaiao.

I roto i nga tau tuatahi o tona mahi ngaio, kua kawea e ia ki roto ki te ao, he rota o ngā āhuatanga i roto i te mara o te tātai arorangi. whanga ana e ahau te kaupapa o te aorangi i roto i te pūnaha solar te Observatory Arorangi, ako sunspots, unahiroa me ētahi atu taonga tiretiera, - taua ko te rongonui pūtaiao-fīsiki Lomonosov. He tino paingia i roto i te rangahau arorangi ana mahi pūtaiao ki tenei ra.

Ko tētahi o nga whakatutukitanga tino ahurei o Mikhail Vasilyevich i arorangi ko ki te tautuhi i te āhuarangi i runga i Venus. Tenei kitea ko te hua o nga kitenga whakamutunga o pūtaiao tītohunga onge - te whakatairanga o Venus. ka karanga tona pūrongo pūtaiao ko: "Ko te āhuatanga o Venus i runga i te ra, te kite i te St Petersburg Imperial Academy o Sciences Maya 26 ra i roto i te 1761".

Ahua muri, vouched ia mo te faaineineraa o enei kitenga, me te wehenga atu atu ki Siberia rua orihaere arorangi. i rite ki te feruri tenei āhuatanga onge arorangi whenua tino Pākehā. I roto i te marama o enei ngā, te Academy o Pūtaiao mo te wa tuatahi ka mau wahi i roto i te hui o tenei nui. whakahaere hoki Lomonosov raupapa o ngā kitenga motuhake i roto i tona taiwhanga mātai.

Kōhauhau rapunga Venus ko he tikanga matua mō te hanganga anō o te pūtaiao astrophysical i Russia.

Metallurgy, mineralogy me te keri

mahi Major o Lomonosov, tuhituhia i runga i te maunga mahi, ko te aratohu ahurei mo nga kaimahi ahumahi keri.

Earthquake i Portugal, kī te ora o neke atu i te waru tekau mano iwi, arahina ia ki te ako o nga take me ngā pānga o te rū whenua. I roto i ana i tuhituhi ai, korerotia ana e ia te tukanga uaua tino o te whanaketanga o te mata o te whenua. nekehanga ohorere o kirinuku o te whenua, i roto i tona whakaaro, i taea te meinga e take taiao - tremors, ngā hū, horo - me tahi atu mau ati kaha tūturu. Ko nga ingoa o nga mahi pūtaiao o Lomonosov i take ore maori ki nga miner metallurgist ranei. Hei tauira, he pai-mohiotia "Ko te kupu a te whanau o konganuku i te whenua o te ru."

I roto i ana i tuhituhi ai, systematized ia, ka whakaahuatia nga whakapae ngā pā ana ki te tangohanga, me te tango, o konganuku. Ko reira ki a ratou i whakaputaina te wa i pukapuka matua "te Faá o Metallurgy, Mining ranei." Kei te mahi tika tenei whakaako, ano he kitenga taimaha i roto i te ako o te ahumahi keri. a tika tonu ia te mau parau tumu mohiotia kua o maina, te whakawhanake machinery hou.

moe Lomonosov o mau ana i ngā mahi rangahau nui-tauine e whai wāhi mai māngai pūtaiao, me te tahi atu o to tatou whenua. I runga i tenei, tīmata ki hea tonoa ngā tauira o tokahuke me ngā kohuke pūtaiao. I roto i te poto, te kōwhiringa o te tauira e hiahiatia ana mō ngā rangahau e pā ana tata kotahi rau e rua tekau wheketere Russian.

Kia aroha mai, i taka Lomonosov ki iriti i to tatou mahere ki mahi. I pai oti tona mahi i muri i nga tau o academician V. M. Severginym me kohuke ahurei anake i muri mai te ingoa lomonosovite i te honore o tona Kaikitetuatahi.

tuku kōrero

I hangaia Lomonosov me hangaia neke atu i te kotahi tekau hanga i roto i te mara o tuku kōrero. hoatu tino ia ia ki te pūtaiao. kihai i Lomonosov mutu noa te mutunga o ratou ra mahi i roto i te hua o te whakaaro marama mō ngā kitenga te po.

Ko te tangata e hangaia a hanga te batoskop whatu tuatahi ko M. V. Lomonosov. whakaohokia tonu ana mahi nui te pānga i roto i te iwi whānui. kihai i hoki haere hia, a rawe ratou tikanga "gorizontoskopa" - he pūrere nui mō te mātakitaki taonga kei tawhiti atu i runga i te mata whakapae.

Hangarau ki te whakaputa i te karaihe tae rite whakaahuatia M. V. Lomonosov. Whakahaerenga o enei kua muri kua whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi mō te tunu karaihe tae, me te i roto i te hanga o nga wahi o reira. Kua koata production kua tetahi o te rītaha matua University. Mahino te oro'a o te rauemi, e kore Lomonosov whakaaro ki te whakamahi i te hua o to ratou rangahau mō te taonga whaiaro. Mikhail hiahia wawe tonu ki te faaite i te hua o to ratou mahi ki te iwi, ki te kawe mai ratou ki te āhua.

He ma'imi me te mea kaihanga pūmanawa, ko te kaiwhakarewa o tuku kōrero ariā Russian Lomonosov. kua hoatu ana mahi ara ki te atu hanganga o te pūtaiao optical i Russia.

Wetereo, philology

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau tekau ma waru, he fonu ki nga kupu ke, me te Ekalesia Slavonic, kupu kōrero te reo Russian. māharahara tonu Lomonosov e pā ana ki te viivii ore, me te tino. He rota o te wa i oti rawa ia ki te whakaahuatanga o tona kēnana tuhituhi. Nga mahi o te Whare Wānanga i te tuhinga i hoatu ara ki te kati "kōrero", e whakaputanga ko te hui ahurea nui o te ra. I roto i tenei mahi, te pūtaiao-kaiwetereo whakahuatia e pupuri i te pātai whakarongo te pūkenga kia whakarongo ki te tau o ngā ākonga, ratou ira, te mātauranga me te taumata o te mātauranga. kia mārama, kōrero, totohe me te aronganui te rhetorician mahi rawa ano. "Kōrero" aroaro i roto i te reo ohie, me te tikanga mo te iwi whānui.

Ko tētahi atu mahi ngū Lomonosov huaina "Grammar Russian", ko te tuatahi o tona taputapu atawhai mo te ako o te wetereo Russian. Ko te tuatahi nei ngana ki te tohu tikanga wahapū o te reo Russian, ko Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. i hāngai ana mahi i te whakanui ake i te faufaa o te arero whaea, i te kukū o te kainga tupu i te pae varua.

I tonu te ākonga, i tuhituhi e ia he tuhinga roa, "Reta i runga i ngā ture o te versification Russian", i whakaahuatia nga taketake o versification Russian, whakaaro nga puka o whiti me te rahi mohiotia.

mahi i muri pakeke, e tika ana "Whakataki o nga painga o ngā pukapuka hahi i roto i te reo Russian" whakaaro e pūtaiao University o "momo e toru" ngā "marino nui, āhua, me te iti." Te tangata mai ki te momo tuhituhi motuhake:

• ruri e pā ana ki itoito, odes, kupu nui hāngai ki te "marino" tiketike;
• hōtuhi tapere, reta hoa - toharite;
• iti "marino" faaite te tonu kōrero whare, waiata, patere.

whakaaro Lomonosov te ki hei te kaiwhakarewa o te pātengi raraunga kupu pūtaiao, me te hangarau Russian. Kua Scientists whakaurua maha formulations hou, i hanga te kāhua o te rauemi izyasneniya pūtaiao. mahi a Lomonosov i te mara o te tuhinga he tino kanorau: ko reira he rotarota, me odes, arero ano, aituā me te ake. noho tuku iho Poetic te nuinga odes tuhituhia i roto i te kororia o te hui tangata ranei.

Geography me Meteorology

I roto i te Lomonosov oho ahau te moni i roto i te matawhenua i te timatanga o te mahi ngaio. No te tekau tau maha, i hiahia i roto i ia te Moana Northern Route me te whai wāhi ki te ako i te reira. Te aratohu, e tika ana "whakamārama poto o te haerenga rerekē ki te moana raki me te pānui o te wahi taea o te Siberian Ocean ki Te Tai Rāwhiti India," homai e ia he whakaahuatanga o te irava, a faaineine ona mahere ake.

Lomonosov noa hanga he kupu whakaari ki te whakarato i te te mau melo o te ope e tika ana whakaaro, taputapu, engari kia kite i nga hua o te ope, e kore ia i te auraa ki hei. ka mau Campaign wahi i roto i 1765, ka kore i ora Mikhail Vasilyevich.

Haere i roto i te tio neke, kia rite ki Lomonosov, ohorere tonu "maunga haupapa i roto i te moana te raki", roa kua nei kua māharahara e pā ana ki te pūtaiao. Ko ratou te āhuatanga o te potae tio neke, faataa take ka taea. Ēnei whakaaro, me tenei ra tohu nui. Faauruhia e te taea o mārama o te Northern Moana Route, matawhenua, ka anga ia ki te mahere o te Arctic Ocean.

Te nuinga o ana whakapae whakapumautia nga tau e rua anake rau. Lomonosov Ridge, faaineine i te wāhi, i i kitea i muri, ka whakawakia. I muri, ko tenei hiwi kei muri i tona Kaikitetuatahi.

Kua hanga e ia he takoha faufaa ki te whakatūnga o motu "Atmospheric Physics" Lomonosov. Nga mahi o te "tītohunga o rangi i te kaha hiko puta" korero e pā ana ki te ari rangi taea. Ki te whakaute motuhake no Mikhail ki huarere matapae, ia tohe i runga i te hiahia ki te niu i te whatunga o teihana METEOROLOGICAL.

kōrero

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau tekau ma waru, ka timata te reira ki te whakapiki ake i roto i te moni Russian i roto i te aamu i te whenua o. He wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te parau haapiiraa hītori takaro me MV Lomonosov.

I hiahia i roto i te whanaketanga atu o te kāwanatanga Russian Old ia. Wā ako i te puna me hautaka nāianei, ui Lomonosov kōrero te whakaaro e te pūtake o to tatou whenua whakatakotoria nga Normans.

whakapono Lomonosov e nga manene Silaví, a ka anga-āhua nui ki a ratou. Ua faaite Mikhail whakaae i roto i te faatura o te meka e te Russian-korero iwi i mua i haere mai ki te kaha i Rurik o te whanaketanga me te hanganga o te ahurea taketake te wā roa.

I roto i te 1751 ka haere a Lomonosov ki te mahi i runga i te ako nui-tauine o "hītori Russian tahito." Wāhanga kotahi i tukua ki te iwi whānui i muri i anake tona matenga, a ka hohoro iritihia ki reo maha.

I roto i te 1760, e hāngai ana i runga i pūkete, me te tahi atu tuhinga kōrero o nui, puta Mikhail he "Poto Russian Chronicle Ki te Genealogy", kei roto rārangi tohu ngangau mai te kingitanga o Rurik, me te aroaro o te matenga o Petra Velikogo.

Mikhail aroha tona whenua, ia te karakia whakapono i roto i te kaha me te kotahitanga o ona iwi nui.

mahi a Lomonosov i te ōhanga

Lomonosov ko tetahi o te hunga e kite Russia rite te whenua ki te nui o te ahurea me te taumata teitei o te mātauranga. he kāwanatanga taua, i roto i te tikanga kia te whakaaro o te reforomatio i te huringa tamau, me takahi tonu te reira i mua, ki te neke ki te whanaketanga o te mana kaha, me te motuhake.

whakakitea te moni rahi ia i roto i te faatura o te metallurgy me ahumahi keri. I roto i te tahi atu mea, whakakitea Lomonosov he rota o te aro i runga i te whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua, me he kaikorero o te tupu taupori.

Material pai-he o te kāwanatanga Russian, kia rite ki Lomonosov, tei katoa i runga i te mahi ona mahi ōhanga o ratou.

Kei te ruarua tiaki mahi Motuhake o Mikhail Lomonosov i te ōhanga, i nui fakafaingata'a'ia'i te ako o tona outlook ōhanga.

I runga i ngā akoranga tīariari, ka taea e tatou e faaoti e i whakahaua te whakarongo Lomonosov matua ki te ako o te ōhanga Russian. Hoki te painga o te hapori rautaki ōhanga ki tonu o te kāwanatanga, faahoho'ahia e te huinga o aratohu mahi i whakawhanakehia kua.

Ko reira ki a ia, Lomonosov, kia waiho tatou mauruuru mo te ahua o taua pekanga rite "geography ōhanga". I roto i te mahi ngaio o Lomonosov aru nga whakarerenga iho o Russian Kura o Economics, tino taonga, ka whakakaha ona tūranga, ahakoa te meka e kore i tokomaha o nga mahi nui o Lomonosov i te mana e tika ana i runga i tona to'utangatá. Otiia, whakaaro ohaoha, hoatu i roto i te mahi o te pūtaiao nui, me tenei ra e ngohengohe ki atu tikanga.

Na te hopea,

"Nui," te taitara o te University mohiotia hoki tona nga muimui o te mara pūtaiao ngā. I roto i ana i tuhituhi ai kitea te kaha, kotahitanga me te whakaaro nui o te iwi Russian. I mohiotia Lomonosov hei hou e kua hanga takoha tino i roto i mara ngā o te matauranga - i sciences tūturu ki arorangi. Ana mahi i roto i tona ora i iritihia ki reo maha. tamata Mikhail ki te mahi ki te pai o te iwi. E rave rahi o ana mahi, me rangahau ngā he turanga totoka mo te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao o tenei ra rite te katoa.