Merekara Monastery. ohu Chudov i roto i te Kremlin: hītori

Tokomaha o te hunga e kua runga tour i roto i te Kremlin, pea, e kore e mohio i tenei ra ko te pae hītori taea titiro tino rerekē. Ko te meka ko e i roto i tenei rohe ko te tahi mau mau hiero nui a i ngaro hahi, tae atu Voznesensky ko Chudov Monastery, te Cathedral o te Faaora i runga i Bor me ētahi atu urupa hītori.

Ko te hītori o te hahi

Chudov ohu i roto i te Kremlin timata ki te hanga i te Metropolitan o Moskovskiy Aleksy. Kua reira kua whiriwhiria hoki e te wahi o te marae o te Khan mua. I noho ana karere ki reira. haere mai ratou ki a Moscow mo te takoha. homai wahi tenei i roto i te mauruuru no te aha Alexis ora i matapo wahine Janibek - Taydulu. fakafo'ituitui haere Metropolitan ki te Horde ki te āwhina i te wahine rawakore.

I te tīmatanga, i hanga te hahi Arhistratiga Mihaila. I whakaturia te reira i roto i 1365. Tenei Ko tetahi o te matamua hahi i roto i Moscow.

Merekara ohu i muri ka mohiotia rite te pakiki nui (i te timatanga o te rau tau XVII), ka Patereareha Filaret.

I roto i 1771 i roto i Moscow te pahųtanga o ngangau whiu noa, i roto i nei i pahuatia te ohu mercilessly tangata.

I roto i te Pakanga Russian-French i roto i 1812 Chudov ohu whakapono, whakaahua o e taea e koe te kite i roto i tenei tuhinga, i nohoia e te French. Here ko te tari matua o te ope o Napoleon. Ko te aata o te ohu whakapono ko moenga whakapaipai taramore mō Marshal Davoust. I tanumia te temepara tona kaiwhakarewa - Metropolitan Alexy. puritia ana pukahu i roto i te whare karakia tae noa ki 1686. I muri mai whakawhitia ratou ki te Ekalesia o te Metropolitan Tapu Alexy.

hanga ana e ratou te whare i roto i 1814. He takoha motuhake ki tenei hanga te kaihoahoa M. Bykovsky. Ngā mihi ki ana tautooraa i roto i te hahi whare karakia o te ohu whakapono puta iconostasis parahi ki nui tatau kingi i hanga o te hiriwa.

Ko te tūranga o te ohu i roto i te hītori Russian

Chudov ohu i roto i te Kremlin mō tau maha takaro he wāhi nui i roto i te hītori Russian. I roto i te 1382, tahoroa ana hōia Tokhtamysh. I 1441 i reira na kua whakataka e te Moscow Metropolitan Isidore, i hoki mai tata i Florence Cathedral. hainatia Māngai o te Siu Ekalesia Russian arahina e Isidore he kawenata i runga i te whakataki o te uniana i Russia. I roto i Moscow, me te whakatau e kore matou i whakaae. na kua whakataka Isidore ka herehere i roto i te ohu whakapono.

I roto i 1504, i roto i te Chudov Monastery i herea ia toa tino ki titorehanga - Novgorod Metropolitan Gerontius. mau te taua whakarau, me te tuakana Bassion. I te 1610 na kua whakataka Tsar Vasily IV, a i roto i te ohu whakapono i panaia tonsured ia rite te moke. A i roto i te pūtau ohu hemo ki te mate e rua tau i muri mai Patereareha Heremokeni. Ka taea e anake tatou imi te nui mamahi kite semeio Monastery. Inoi Arhangelu Mihailu maha whakatangi i raro i ona haurangi.

Ko te tūranga o te ohu i roto i te mātauranga

hanga ohu merekara he koha nui ki te whanaketanga o te mātauranga o Russia. E rua o ana patereareha Archimandrite Adrian ko Iehoiakimi, i pōtitia. ka Hierodeacon Timothy ngā tikanga hahi katoa tango wahi i roto i Moscow. tupu tenei i roto i te kingitanga o Pita I., no roto i 1737 Pihopatanga faaho'ihia mai i roto i te hiero no Miracle ka ora ake tona Heamana o te hierarchs Moscow mahi.

Here mahi ia Ihowā te Slavinetsky - mai i te Kiev Academy. I roto i te 1658 whakawhitia e ia ki te Patereareha "pukapuka dohturskuyu." Me ahau mea e i roto i aua ra, kua te tuhinga hauora kua tino onge, rite, te mea, me te rongoā ano, i mahi anake te taata teitei. Hoki tona mahi riro te rota o Ihowā i te wa te tohu - 10 moni. I tua atu, mahi ana e ia mo te ia, ko Arseny Kariki.

Mātauranga i roto i te ohu whakapono

I ngā wā i roto i te ohu whakapono Chudov mō te whakangungu me te tiaki i te mana kino o te hapori fakamāmaní hoatu nga boyars 'tamariki. noho ratou i te ohu noa ma ono, a ka hoki ki te kainga. E ai ki to'utangatá, i roto i aua ra i noho ai atu rite te kura mo te kāhui, kaua ki te te ohu.

Here noho ahau i te wa roa Carion Istomin - Māmá i te Ukraine. I te 1662 i hanga e ia te ABC, i muri i hoatu te Kuini Natale Kirillovne mō te reo matatini tona mokopuna - Prince Alexei.

Ko te tino pokea ana o te temepara

Kei te whakapono te reira e tae tona tihi semeio ohu te timatanga o te rau tau XVII. Na ka ka huaina a reira te pakiki nui. I tenei wa, ki te tautoko o Patereareha Filaret konei timata reira ki te tango i ona ākonga tuatahi o te Kariki-Latin Academy. I roto i te sacristy o te ohu i pupuri nga takoha tino faufaa o te tsars Russian, boyars me nga rangatira nunui. He ko he whare pukapuka nui ki ngā tauira faufaa o ngā pukapuka tawhito. Ko reira tetahi o nga depositories Russian tino nui.

I wha mau hiero te ohu whakapono. I te timatanga o te rau tau XVI (1501 g) i runga i te pae o te tawhito, engari te wāwāhitanga e te wa i hanga te temepara te Cathedral Arhangela Mihaila. puta kohatu Alekseevskaya hahi i te mutunga o te rau tau XV. tahuna te reira i te wa torutoru, ka hanga e rave rahi taime. Ko ahakoa tenei, i reira hoki ngā rau tau i iriiria nga tamariki kingi. He nga tamariki iriiria a Ivan te whakamataku, Alexis - te kingi heke mai, Pita ahau, me te Hiha Alexander II. Whakapaipai i te taiepa o te hahi o patu riro o te ope Russian riro i roto i te pakanga o te pakanga Russian-Pahi o 1816.

no te Ekalesia o te Ekalesia Faaiteraa ki Alexis. I hanga te reira i roto i 1501, ka hanga i roto i te 1826. I roto i tenei hahi i wehi ia e mano o pāriha Nikolaya Chudotvortsa icon.

Ko hanga te hahi tino iti-rahi i roto i te kororia o St. Anaru primordial.

Te hiero i roto i te wā Soviet

I te 1917 i kino pakaru te hahi. oho te Kawanatanga o te Soviet Republic i mua ki te Kremlin. Hoki etahi wa tonu nga kuraina ki te ora i roto i te ohu whakapono, engari hoha tenei tata te mana hou.

I te 1919 ka katia te hahi. Te tīmatanga, i reira i whakanohoia paheko "Communist" ka hanga he ruma wharau-pānui. I muri mai whakawhitia e ia ki te Lechsanupra, i ko te kawenga mō te hauora o ngā mema o te Kawanatanga Soviet me ētahi atu rangatira. I roto i 1929, te semeio me Ascension Monastery ngaro. ka mau te reira i wahi mo te hanganga o ngā whare kura rangatira o te Army Whero. I whakawhanakehia e te kaupapa whare i te kaihoahoa Rerberg.

i tukua e te Anahera Cathedral pukahu o St. Alexis. I roto i te 1947, i te tono o Alexis ahau, i whakawhitia ratou ki Cathedral o Bloch, te wahi takoto tenei ra. I oho te icon tino faufaa ki te Kremlin Armory me te Taiwhanga Tretyakov.

whakangaromia hahi Ekalesia a Kremlin i roto i te rau tau XX

Kia aroha mai, i roto i te rau tau XX i roto i te Kremlin i whakangaromia ai 17 hahi e he ahurei urupa o mua. mahere tawhito o te Kremlin i Moscow me infographics tukua kia kite i taua i roto i tenei rohe ko, motu ke i te Maueraa me te Miracle Monastery, te Ekalesia o Constantine i te remu, Ekalesia o te Faaiteraa, Cathedral o te Faahuru, he tohu tino pai ki a Alexander II me ētahi atu.

Merekara whakahokia te ohu whakapono ... He reira taea?

Aita i maoro a'e, i korerotia ai e whakahau Russian te peresideni V. V. Putin te faaho'iraa mai o Voznesensky me Chudov monasteries.

Ka timata te mahi Construction i muri i te arearenga-mua. I teie mahana ahua o Ivanovo (i mua Imperial) rohe āhua tino waia. Te āhua maere e kotahi titiro rerekē ia. whakaahua o te rau tau XIX, me te Kremlin i roto i Moscow i runga i te mahere anake hoatu he whakaaro o te āhua o i whakapaipai, me te rahi katoa. I te pae o te ohu whakapono mua ko inaianei he whare ta'e o te whare pŭpŭ tauturu 14, ano nei kua he rota o tau ki te hanga.

Mahere o te Kremlin i Moscow, ki te tangohia e matou he hoahoa o te monasteries huna i runga taua mea (Chudov me Ascension), āta whakaatu te nui wāhi nohoia e te mau hiero ngaro. I tua atu ki te rohe i roto i nei inaianei whare te 14 o Corps, nohoia neke atu i te hawhe o te rohe Ivanovo (tata ki te Tsar Cannon) ratou.

kaupapa nui-tauine

Tohunga me hītori faauruhia e te 'amanaki o te mahi heke mai. ora nga moni o te Taiwhanga Tretyakov whitu anake frescoes o te ohu whakapono Chudov, he he torutoru i roto i te tahi atu whare taonga. Mahue, me drawings taipitopito o ēnei whare. Kōpaki ki ahurei, fakaemana tiaki te mata ano drawings pouaru o tetahi pūtaiao i hoatu e ki te Museum o Architecture. tamata tana tane te huahua tino taipitopito me te whanganga i te kōrero monasteries. E ai ki te tokotoko o te Museum o Architecture, ki enei pikitia me ngā tātauira taea ki te whakahoki, ki te kahore te ensemble katoa o te ohu whakapono, hanga i te matua a ratou mo te tino.

Kua whakahokia te Kremlin tenei ra te fare tahito o te Kremlin Palace, anō te rongonui Whero whakamahau. Otiia i runga i te hokinga o nga parekura nui o te rau tau XX tata pūtaiao me hītori taea kore noa moemoea e pā ana ki.

Hoki hoahoa, te arearenga, kia tango hanga e rave rahi tekau tau. Otiia e kore e ko te ira tenei. He mea nui kia i te mata mutunga o te Kremlin ka toe fakafoki mai.