Ngā momo o ngā pūnaha tōrangapū me ngā pūtahi tōrangapū

I roto i te tikanga ki te matau ki ta e nga pūtahi tōrangapū o te pūnaha, i runga i nei e wehea nga wāhanga me te mea e tino pūnaha tōrangapū, me matau tuatahi koe te kupu.

Ko te pūnaha tōrangapū ko te huinga o ngā mahi o ngā kaupapa tōrangapū katoa e pā ana ki te whakatinanatanga o te mana kāwanatanga, o ratou whanaunga, me te mahi tahi i runga i turanga uara-normative. Faaauhia ki te ariā o "pūnaha tōrangapū" Ko te wā "whakahaere tōrangapū o te hapori."

Mämä noa iho, whakaaro te pūnaha tōrangapū ko te kotahitanga o te kāwanatanga, te ture, pāpori, pūtahi tōrangapū me tikanga, me te mahi tahi o kaiwhakaari tōrangapū, whai wāhi ki te whakatinanatanga me te whakahaere o nga mana kāwanatanga.

Ahakoa te meka e te pūnaha tōrangapū - he reira he katoa wehewehe, he reira, kua wehea tetahi hanganga ki wāhanga, e te hunga kua huaina pūnaha ao ranei.

Pūnaha o te pūnaha tōrangapū:

• Institutional. Ko te wahi matua noho reira he āhua atu atu i tona pūnaha ngā te pūtahi matua tōrangapū, te pāpāho, hahi, ngā rōpū hapori, te hononga i waenganui ia ratou. Kia mahara ki e te pūtahi o te pūnaha tōrangapū - tupu te reira ngā mua eu, he huinga o tikanga, ture (ōkawa me te ōpaki), tipu, me ētahi atu, hangaia ki te whakarite i te pūnaha tōrangapū. pūtahi tōrangapū - e kore te mea he whakahaere tōrangapū.

Institutions o te pūnaha tōrangapū, i roto i te tahuri, kua wehea ki tūhonohono, ture, ahurea. Pānga tautuhi wehenga e hāngai ana tūranga-o te pūnaha tōrangapū, tautuhi tikanga te anga ture, ahurea kawenga mo te ngākau nuitanga o etahi rāngai ranei ngā rōpū rite te katoa. E tata hono pūtahi ahurea ki te ariā o "tūranga tōrangapū".

• poi ture (pūnaha) te kawenga mō te, ture, te ora morare ahurea o te hapori, regulates ora tōrangapū, tautoko ngā tikanga ahurea.
• pūnaha Taumahi Ko te huinga o ngā tikanga mō te whakatinana i te mana.
• tikanga kōrerorero momo katoa politvzaimodeystviya.
• Wä tautuhi whakaaro tōrangapū, me te tirohanga.
• pūnaha Cultural - ko te huinga o ngā āhuatanga mo te tauira tōrangapū o te hapori, ngā uara, ngā waiaro, aratau o whanonga, ngā whāinga. Reira politkultura whai wāhi ki te pūmautanga o te pūnaha pāpori, te tonu o te ora tōrangapū, te tauatanga o whakatupuranga tōrangapū.

Ki te whakaaro tatou ki nga momo o ngā pūnaha tōrangapū, ka taea e tatou e wehewehe:

• pūnaha tōrangapū totalitarian. Ko te pūnaha momo kati, e hāngai ana i runga i te kaha o te rōpū te tohutohu, i te mea te matua o te pūnaha tenei. māngai te āhua e rangatira nei e tino kawenga mo te tohatoha o te hua o te mahi. hāngai Distribution ki te wahi o te tūranga i roto i te hapori, ka ko te takitahi i roto i te tāpaetanga katoa ki te ngā. whakahaere Public noho anake kaupapa here o te rōpū te faatere. Tetahi dissent pakeke tāmia.
• Ohaoha-manapori momo o ngā pūnaha tōrangapū āhuatanga e maia. tukua ratou mana tūmataiti, whanaunga mākete i te ōhanga, pluralism me te aroaro o tōrangapū maha-rōpū, te whanonga ture me te aroaro o ngā pūtahi manapori. Enei momo o pūnaha tōrangapū whakapae he hononga o kaiwhakaari tōrangapū katoa i runga i te pūtake o te kaupapa ture. Whaainga - ki te whakarite i te ngākau nuitanga whānui o te hapori katoa.
• pūnaha rangitahi momo rerekē o te kaupapa here Mixing maiorooro (me ētahi wā taupatupatu) ari me ngā tukanga. I roto i te wā whakawhiti pluralism kaha tata me te kātakí tōrangapū, ki te whai o whakahounga me nganatanga pupuri i te tikanga tawhito. rānei kia te kāwanatanga i roto i te pūnaha tauwhirowhiro whakatairanga whakaaro hou, tuhi ki te kunenga mai o te kāwanatanga, ranei te ārai i tēnei āhuatanga.

He etahi atu whakarōpū o ngā pūnaha tōrangapū. Ētahi politologists taratahi mana-momo kominiusi tuku iho. Ētahi atu share ratou i runga i te continental Pākehā, Anglo-American, totalitarian. Ko te pūtake o te whakarōpūtanga rerekē hoatu huarahi e rerekē: tōrangapū, whakahaere, ōhanga.