Ōmataora Russian me ratou tūhura

kua hanga ōmataora Russian he takoha nui ki te pūtaiao ao. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te ingoa nui, kia mohio koe tangata katoa e he hiahia i roto i otaota me ngaa kararehe. ōmataora Russian, me haurongo me whakatutukitanga o e ka ako koe, faauru te whakatupuranga o muri ki te ako i tēnei pūtaiao ngā.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Tenei tangata i roto i nga wa Soviet, Me kahore whakataki. Heoi, e kore e inaianei katoa e taea te mea e Pavlov Ivan Petrovich (tau o te ora - 1849-1936) i hanga te ariā o te mahi teitei io. I tua atu, i tuhituhi e ia he raupapa o ngā pepa i runga i te whaiaroaro o te nakunaku me te tohanga toto. Ko ia te pūtaiao Russian tuatahi riro te Nobel mō whakatutukitanga i roto i te mara o tikanga kūnatunga.

Ngā i runga i nga kuri

Tokomaha mahara ana ngā i runga i kuri. I tenei kaupapa, hanga pakiwaituhi rave rahi me kōrero ngahau i roto i to tatou whenua, a ki waho. wā katoa e korero e pā ana ki instincts, mahara kuri a Pavlov.

Pavlov, kua i roto i te 1890 ka timata Ivan Petrovich ki whai wāhi i roto i ngā i runga i enei kararehe. whakamahia e ia tikanga hāparapara ki te tango i nga kuri katoa i roto o te pū kai. A, no te tīmata te kararehe kai, kihai i whiwhi i te kopu te kai, engari ko te wai pekitīlia i te fistula hanga tonu tu.

Neke atu i te wa, ka atu mātanga ngā o Pavlov. whakangungua ia kuri ki te whakatau etahi tikanga ki akiaki waho, pērā i te ringer pere e fakatokanga e pā ana ki te kai tata. Ngā mihi ki tenei, i whakawhānuitia te kararehe , he pūpū makatuunga: puta te kai i muri i te karanga tonu. Ahakoa kore ana e kite i te kai, ka tīmata te kuri ki te tu i roto i te fistula wai pekitīlia.

Ngā tikanga Pavlova

ngā āhuatanga Pavlova tikanga i roto i te meka i whai pānga ia ki tukanga hinengaro o te mahi whaiaroaro. Kua whakapumautia e te hua o te rangahau maha te oraraa o tenei kōrero. mahi a Pavlov, whakaahua i te huarahi i nei i reira he nakunaku, kua hoatu whanaketanga ki te putanga o te aronga hou i roto i te pūtaiao - whaiaroaro o te mahi teitei io. Ivan Petrovich neke atu i te 35 tau o tona ora ki tenei wāhi ngā.

Origin, whakangungu

whanau te pūtaiao i mua nei i roto i Ryazan, Hepetema 14, 1849 ana tupuna i runga i te rārangi whaea, me te pāpā nga tohunga, i oti rawa to ratou oraraa ki te Siu Ekalesia Russian. puta Pavlov i te kura i te pae varua Ryazan i roto i te tau 1864, ka tomo te haapiiraa evanelia o te taua pa, i muri mai korero ki mahanahana nui. A, ia ia i roto i te tau whakamutunga, i kite ahau i te mahi o Sechenov "reflexes o te Brain." ka tahuri ia i runga i tona ora i mua nei.

i tutuki Pavlova

Tona mahi tuatahi whakaputaina ia i roto i 1923, a i roto i 1926 hanga tata Leningrad koiora Station te kāwanatanga Soviet. Here timata Pavlov tona rangahau i roto i te mara o neural mahi me te whanonga iranga makimaki (anthropoids). I tua atu, kua mahi ia i roto i ngā hōhipera hinengaro.

Me kï reira e Pavlov i te mara o te matauranga o te roro no ki tata te takoha nui ake. Mā te tikanga pūtaiao o tenei pūtaiao whakahohea pūtaiao ki te mahino atu e pā ana ki te mate hinengaro, me te ki ngā huarahi ki te hamani ratou. Academician, he te tautoko o te kāwanatanga o te USSR, i te uru ki te rauemi e hiahiatia ana mo te ako. tukua tenei ki a ia te tuhura hou.

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov

ōmataora Russian nui i huri noa i te ao, - te reira Ivan Petrovich Pavlov me Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. I runga i te tuatahi o enei kua korerotia kua matou. Hoa i te kaipānui ki te tuarua.

Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich (tau o te ora - 1845-1916) - he kaikoiora moroiti Russian rongonui, me te kairangahau mate. I te 1908 ka whakawhiwhia ia te Nobel mo Medicine me Physiology paraihe (tahi ki a Paora Ehrlich). Tenei tohu whaimana Mechnikov riro hoki whakatutukitanga i roto i te mara o te wātea i te mate tūturu.

whanau te pūtaiao i mua nei i roto i te kainga, kei tata ana Kharkov, Mei 3, 1845. I roto i te 1864, Mechnikov Ilya Ilich puta ia i University Kharkov me ka whakangungua i te tari o ngā whare wānanga o Munich, Göttingen ko Gießen. haere hoki Mechnikov ki Itari, te wahi ako ia Embryology. mau e ia tona otr täkutatanga i roto i te tau 1868. Mai i 1870 ki te 1882 mahi ia rite te pūtaiao i roto i Odessa. Here, i te University Novorossiysk, ko ia he ahorangi o kararehe. pai te ngā pūtaiao ki te whakaako pūtaiao mahi. I roto i te 1886, tahi ki NF Gamaleia whakaritea e ia he teihana bacteriological, te tuatahi i roto i Russia. oho te pūtaiao ki Paris i 1887, me te tau i muri mai i te aniraa o Louis Pasteur timata ki te mahi i tona'inisititiutí, te wahi ahu ia te taiwhanga. Mai 1905 ko Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov kaiwhakahaere tuarua o te whare.

mahi ana te tuatahi tuhituhi Ili Ilicha i runga i hätaretare Zoology (coelenterates me kāri), me te Embryology whanaketanga. Nona ia ariā fagotsitelly (te take o kaiao multicellular). kitea te pūtaiao te āhuatanga o phagocytosis, i te mea te absorption o ngā pūtau ora me ngā rauropi matūriki ranei e phagocytes - pūtau motuhake, e ngā, hei tauira, te tahi mau momo o ngā pūtau ma toto. I runga i tenei ariā, whakawhanakehia Metchnikoff me tetahi atu - māuiuitanga whakatairite o te mumura.

He maha nga mahi i tuhituhia e Iley Ilichom i bacteriology. Kāre ia ki runga ki a ia, ka rite ki te hua o nei whakakitea e Vibrio cholerae ko te kaihoko fakatupu o mua Asiatic. mate Ilya Ilyich Hōngongoi 2, 1916 i roto i Paris.

He aha atu Russian ōmataora e tika o te aro? whakahere tatou ki te whakatau ara tetahi o ratou.

Aleksandr Onufrievich Kovalevsky

Ko tetahi atu pūtaiao Russian nui, ko tona ingoa e kore e taea e tatou e whakahua i tenei. Kovalevsky ko he kaimātai kararehe, mahi ia i te Imperial Academy o Sciences, academician o te mau.

Fanauhia i Kovalevskiy Aleksandr Onufrievich i 1840, i runga i 19 Noema. riro ia tona mātauranga tuatahi i te kāinga, a ka tonu ana akoranga i roto i te take o Railway Engineers. ka puta mai i roto i Aleksandr Onufrievich i 1859, ka whakauru atu i St Petersburg University (Tari o Sciences Natural). I roto i te wā i te tau 1860 ki te tau 1862 ako ia ki te patu Kovalevsky, Carius ko muratahi i Heidelberg, ka i roto i Leydig Kvenshteta, Luschka ko Mole i Tübingen.

I roto i te tau 1862, puta Kovalevskiy Aleksandr Onufrievich i whakangungu i St Petersburg University, i aru e te tiaki o te ariki me otinga täkutatanga. I te tau 1868 ka Kovalevsky te ahorangi o te kararehe. I roto i tenei wa mahi ia i te Whare Wānanga o Kazan.

Hoki te wā i 1870 ki te tau 1873 ngā te haerenga ki Algiers me te Moana Whero ki te whakaaro pūtaiao. I roto i te 1890, i muri i tetahi atu haerenga ki waho, ka pōtitia ia he mema o te Imperial Academy o Sciences, a ka whakawhiwhia i te taitara o te academician o te mau. I te 1891 ka mau e ia te nohoanga o te histology i tona oire o St Petersburg University.

i oti rawa te nuinga o te mahi o te pūtaiao ki te Embryology, rawa hātaretare. Pau i roto i te 1860, kitea te ako paparanga iroriki i roto i enei kaiao. rangahau Kovalevsky i roto i nga tau tata kua arotahi ki runga i te whakamāramatanga o whekau phagocytic me secretory i roto i hātaretare.

Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov

no tenei tangata ki te ako o te wātea i te mate o te tipu, me te rite ratou takenga o te pokapū ao. kitea Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich te ture o huringa tuku i roto i kaiao me te raupapa huirua. hanga tenei tangata kua he takoha nui ki te ako o ngā momo koiora. i hanga e ia te kohinga tino mīharo o purapura o kai rerekē i roto i te ao nei. Ko tetahi pūtaiao e whakakororia te ingoa o to matou whenua tenei.

Origin Vavilov

whanau Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich i roto i Moscou i runga i Noema 25, 1887 i roto i te utuafare o te rua o kaihokohoko Guild me ahua tūmatanui Vavilov Ivan Ilyich. Ko tenei tangata he tangata whenua o te peasants. I mua i te revolution o 1917, mahi ia kia rite ki te kaiwhakahaere o te kamupene "ki te tango me te Vavilov", whai wāhi i roto i te papanga. Postnikova Aleksandra Mihaylovna, whaea o te pūtaiao i, kua he toi te utuafare-te kaitapahi. He katoa o te whānau Ivana Ilicha i 7 tamariki, engari i mate e toru o ratou i roto i te tamarikitanga.

Ako me te whakaako

mātauranga Paraimere riro Nikolai te kura arumoni, me te ka timata ki te ako i te Moscow Agricultural Institute. puta ia i roto i 1911, ka tonu ki te mahi i te paari i te Tari o te pāmu tūmataiti. timata Vavilov i roto i 1917 ki te kauwhau i te University o Saratov, a mai 1921 kua mahi i roto i mua. ahu katoa-Union Institute o Plant Nikolai tae noa ki 1940. Anö i te tau poto i roto i te ako 1919-20, whakaahuatia ana e ia te uwhi katoa o te rohe Täingäwai me te rawhiti o te Täingäwai.

ope taua a Vavilov

Nikolai Vavilov 20 tau (i 1920 ki te 1940) arahina te ope ki te ako i te otaota o Central Asia, te Mediterranean, me etahi. I tetahi o ratou i tae mai ia i roto i te tau 1924 i roto i Afghanistan. Ka tukua te rauemi hua pūtaiao ki te whakatau i te take, me te horapa o te uwhi. Tenei nui ka whakahaere i te mahi anō o te ata, me tutu'a. Kohinga o ngā tipu i kohia kaihōpara ngā neke atu i te 300 mano. Tauira. Kei te rongoa te reira i roto i te vir.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Vavilov i 1926 riro te Lenin o mahi i oti rawa ki te wātea i te mate o te take mai o te uwhi, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te ture o te raupapa huirua, whakatuwhera ratou. riro ia he maha o ngā tohu, me te maha o ngā mētara. Heoi, ki te mau haapiiraa o te pakanga whakarewahia e tona akonga ETC. Lysenko ka tautokona e te ideologues rōpū. I whakahaua reira ki te rangahau i roto i iranga. I roto i te 1940, ka poroa te mahi mātauranga o Vavilov rite te hua. I whakawakia ia o auru huna, a ka hopukina. I rite te pūtaiao nui mo te ora pakeke i roto i nga tau tata nei. mate ia i roto i te whare herehere i roto i Saratov i te matekai i te tau 1943.

pūtaiao whakanohonoho

11 marama o tūhuratanga tonu ki a ia. I roto i tenei wa i huaina neke atu i 400 nga wa Vavilov i hoki e totohe ana. Nikolai Ivanovich, i muri i te mate, ka whakakahore ara he urupa kotahi. I tanumia ia me te tahi atu herehere. Vavilov i roto i 1955 i rehabilitated, utu katoa o ngā mahi ki te revolution, kua nekehia. I te mutunga i whakahokia e tona ingoa i roto i te USSR Academy o Sciences.

Alexander Leonidovich Vereshchaka

Modern ōmataora Russian kua whakaaturia kupu whakaari nui. I roto i ngā, AL Vereshchaka, e nona maha whakatutukitanga. I whanau ia i roto i Khimki, Hōngongoi 16, 1965. Vereshchaka - oceanographer Russian, ahorangi, tākuta o ngä pütaiao koiora, me te he mema ōrite o Russian Academy o Sciences.

I te tau 1987 puta ia i te Moscow State University, Faculty o Biology. I roto i te 1990, ka he kaiputaiao he tākuta i roto i te 1999 - i te orometua MIIGAiK ka ahu te taiwhanga no ki te Institute o Oceanology o te Russian Academy o Sciences, e hāngai ana i roto i Moscow mai 2007.

Vereshchaka Alexander Leonidovich ko te mātanga i te parae o Oceanology ko Geo. Nona ia e pā ana ki 100 pepa pūtaiao. Ko tōna whakatutukitanga matua e pā ana ki te whakamahi o ngā tikanga hou i roto i te Oceanography me geoecology pērā i waka topu deepwater "Mir" (neke atu i te 20 ruku waitaua 11).

Vereshchaka Ko te kaihanga o te tauira o te pūnaha parawhenuatia (toru-ahu). whakawhanakehia e ia te ariā o rauropi rohe (bentopeligiali), nohoia e te otaota motuhake, me te pā ana ki apa raro. I roto i te mahi tahi ki te hoa i ētahi atu whenua, kua hanga e ia he tikanga mo tautuhi i te tūranga o te mitanano moana, me te microbiota (prokaryotes, archaea me eukaryotes) te whakamahi i te moni hou i roto i te iranga muingota. no ia ki te kitea me te kiripuaki o rua hapu o kōeke, me te neke atu i te 50 ngā momo o te waimāori me te whanau.

Rosenberg Gennady Samuilovich

whanau te pūtaiao i roto i Ufa i 1949. ka anga ia tona mahi hei kaipūkaha, engari hohoro timata ki te whakahaere i te taiwhanga, kei i te Institute o Biology o te Manga Pahikia o te Academy o Sciences. oho Gennady Samuilovich Rosenberg i Togliatti i 1987, i reira mahi ai ia rite tino kairangahau i te Institute o Ecology o Täingäwai Basin. I roto i 1991, i te akonga arahina tenei institution.

Nona ia whanaketanga dynamics tikanga tātari me te hanganga o rauwiringa kaiao. hanga ano e ia he pūnaha mo te tātari o ngā rohe nui taiao.

Ilyin Yury Viktorovich

whanau tenei pūtaiao i roto i Asbest Hakihea 21, 1941 Ko ia he kaikoiora rāpoi, me te 1992, me te academician o Russian Academy o Sciences. Ko te paetae o ona nui, na te kaiputaiao tika o atu āmiki kōrero e pā ana ki a ia.

mätanga Yuriy Viktorovich ilin i roto i te iranga muingota, me te koiora rāpoi. I roto i te 1976, kawea te pūtaiao i roto i te pūruatanga ira pūkoro dispersirovannyh e he ira eukaryotic o te momo hou. ko te tino nui te faufaa o tenei kitea. Ko te ira pūkoro tuatahi i roto i nga kararehe, e e taea ki te kite. I muri i taua, ka anga pūtaiao ki ako huānga transposable eukaryotic. i hanga e ia te ariā o te tūranga o ira i roto i te dispersirovannyh pūkoro kukuwhatanga, mutagenesis, me te carcinogenesis.

Zinaida Sergeevna Donets

Nui ōmataora Russian - e kore te reira tangata tika. He mea tika ki te korero ki e pā ana ki taua aivanaa rite Zinaida Sergeevna Donets. Ko ia he Doctor o Sciences, ahorangi o te kararehe, me te mātauranga rauropi o Yaroslavl State University.

I roto i te 1953, oti Donets Zinaida Sergeevna whakangungu i te Kiev State University, i muri i te ia awhina ia a tona ariki, me te tākutatanga. Mai 1978 Kei te mahi ia i roto i te Yaroslavl State University. Kua Zinaida S. kua mahi i runga i te ako o te rauropi me te ao kararehe o pirinoa ika i roto i te peihana Täingäwai. nona te reira i neke atu i te 100 mau papai i roto i ngā hautaka pūtaiao.

O te akoranga, i reira e te tahi atu ōmataora o to matou whenua, e tika o te aro. korero matou anake e pā ana ki te whakatutukitanga nui o kairangahau me i te mea whai hua ki te mahara.