Oprichnik - ko wai te mea tenei? Mohiotia i roto i te aamu o te ngāué

tufaa Russian haere i roto i maha takahanga uaua, i ētahi wā ko tetahi kino atu tetahi. Ko te wā tino fakailifia me pouri i roto i te hītori o Russia, karanga te nuinga kōrero te tau oprichnina. Oprichnik - ko te kōrero, kei te tino ia vai ranei? haere ēnei pononga Ariki rongo e wehingia ana, e mea ana e kore e te iwi i katoa, ko te tino taniwha, ratou "i roto i te rewera kikokiko." Na te aha koe e taea e te mea e pā ana ki te henchmen nei ratou tino i a ratou kōrero he aha e pā ana ki he kōrero tino wehiwehi?

mehua meapango

Oprichnina ahua mua e te raupapa o ngā kino mo Moscow. Muscovy i taua wa arahina te toto Livonian War. pakanga Livonian - ko tetahi o te kamupene nui hōia o te rau tau XVI i roto i te rohe Baltic, i nga nui, whai mana i roto i aua rohe o te kāwanatanga tenei - Muscovy, te Duchy Grand o Lithuania, rangatiratanga o Sweden, te rangatiratanga o Denmark. I roto i te Hānuere 1558 whakaekea Moscow Livonia. I te tīmatanga, ka kawea te kamupene hōia Russian Ivanu Groznomu he maha o whakaora nui i patua Narva, Dorpat me maha atu pa me nga kainga i roto i te Baltic.

I roto i ngā āhuatanga o te whawhai

Hoki e whitu nga tau, tonu āhua Russian ki te whawhai toto, me te kawa ki te āhua Livonian. Ehara i anake Emperor Pita hiahia ahau ki "whakatuwhera i te matapihi ki Europe". Ivan Grozny , rawa, faaoti ki ia amuihia i te "i" i roto i te mau fifi ngali mure ore o te ōhanga Russian. ko tino angitu mō te Russia te timatanga o te pakanga hōia. I muri i te hinganga kuru i nga Lithuanians rere ki Ura-tino o ngā hōia Russian. I roto i te hononga ki te āhuatanga whakapuakina Ivan Grozny te ahua o te ture hōia, te hanga i te hanganga i roto i te oprichnichestva kāwanatanga.

kōwhiringa tino

Ahakoa kihai i kaha te whenua o te kingi anake, i runga i te kaupapa here kāinga me te ke awe ariki feudal, nei i wehea ki waru i'ai - i runga i te pūtake whanaunga me te wahi. E kore tetahi o ratou mahi mo te pai o tona whenua, a, o te akoranga, e hoatu takoha i roto i tona pute. I runga i te pononga te tahi mau taime i ahau e rua ariki feudal. nga rangatira anake o Yaroslavl, i reira i i taua wa e pā ana ki waru tekau. kihai i enei rangatira katoa hoatu te pene i roto i te taonga i te rawa whakapataritari te tsar Russian. Ka rite ki i roto i te whenua, me ngā raruraru kia nui, tautautefito ki he lolotonga te pakanga, i te kingi ki te whakaoti i te raruraru o feudal. I roto i te 1565, Ivan Grozny January 3 kauwhautia e abdicates no o te riri i te rangatira. I muri i te taua faaararaa rawa, huihui mano o te iwi, a ka haere ki te kingi, ki te tono mea ki te hoki ki te torona, me te kotahi ano arahi i te whenua ki a ia. Kua he marama ua faaite i muri te tsar Russian e e hoki ia ki te tikanga, engari ki te tika ki te whiua te boyars kahore tamataraa, wahi ki a ratou, faaere ratou o ratou taonga. ko te toenga katoa o te kāwanatanga, ki te hoatu zemshchina. Ki tenei katoa tapiritia ia e tomo te oprichnina whenua. I roto i te reira, i tāutuhia e ia etahi boyars, kau kalake o iwi, me te mau faehau. Na reira oprichnik - he tangata e he etahi mana, me te mau ana i roto i nga whakahau o te kingi tika. Kei roto whakahau oprichnina kingi etahi pa Veliky Ustyug, Vologda, Suzdal, Vyazma, Kozelsk, Medyn me etahi atu.

Ko te ngako o te oprichnina

Oprichnik - he tangata nei ka mau i runga i te mahi o te tokotoko uira, tangohia te rangatira o te mana, te ariki feudal i roto i tetahi i te rohe. mahi Ivan Grozny rawa i totoa e, ko te kupu patu e rua manu ki te kohatu kotahi. i whakakahoretia e ia o rangatira arbitrariness ka hoatu te toe whenua patua i roto i te Baltic States. Oprichnik tikanga - "he tangata e kei roto i te tūnga o te kingi i roto i nga rarangi o tona kaitautoko."

pango Guard

Oprichnik - he kaitiaki whaiaro o te kingi, i tīkina e te tangata e kore e anake pakeke, engari ano boyars 'tamariki, me rangatira pōtitia. Ko te huru matua mo i kawea te kōwhiringa i waho, ko te ngaro o e pā ana, hononga toto ki rangatira persona pai. hiahiatia katoa e te Ivan Grozny i ratou iwi - te reira faaroo aueue ore. I oprichnik Ko te nui tino mo te kaupapa here kāinga. Te tikanga i matatau arotahi reira me he ahua rite ki te mahi o ope motuhake i roto i to tatou wa.

papatu whawhai

ki raro i ahau Mai i nga rangatira pononga whawhai (te ropu o hoia tiaki i te ngākau nuitanga o te rangatira), ko te Unuhia o whenua o te rangatira nui, he mea o kore mahi iti. Here a reira ko te "Rider Black" - oprichnik. Whakamāramatanga o te kupu, he iti teitei hoatu matou. Tuatahi ona mahi e i roto i te meka e whakakaha ana i te mana amui o te kingi, me te patu te hunga e whakahē. Kei te maha whakaahuatia ratou rite te iwi wehi, me te iti. Otiia kihai i pera katoa, i reira nga etahi tianara pai me rangatira i roto i nga ngāué. He ko he take: hinga te hopu o te ope pa Livonian raro i te whakahau a Prince Tyufyakina waho te pa, me te timatanga o "tautohetohe" hiahia ki te haere i runga i te whawhai, a whakapataritari otoheraa tonu te kingi, a ka tonoa e ia ngāué, i whakakitea te tikanga kingi nekehia atu i te whakahau o te ope Tyufyakina me kaiāwhina, a ka anga nei ia ki te arahi i te hoia huaki.

matenga o Dog me te puruma

kōrero Modern whakaahua te kaitiaki whaiaro o te kingi i roto i te ara e whai ake. kakahu te tangata katoa i roto i te mangu, ki te ai waho ake ki te matenga nohoanga pesey me te puruma muri. tohu Head te meka e ka hongi atu ngāué taitama he i, me te tahi i te reira ki te puruma. e kore te mea katoa pono tenei. Ae, ko te kaikakahu ia oprichnik he koti pango, mai i ratou i te ahua o te tikanga me te ahu i runga i. Mō kia ekara - tito oti, i te ra wera ki te upoko wehea e kore he tino mārama ake. Hoki te wa tuatahi ka puta mai tenei mōhiohio i tangata ke e, te nuinga pea, ka whakatata he faaauraa ki nga kuraina Dominicans, ko reira he tohu o te Order o upoko o te kuri i oti nei nga kuwaha o te ohu whakapono. He aha ko te upoko o te kuri? karanga Dominicans ratou kuri a te Ariki. Ratou, rite nga ngāué, ki te tirotiro hara (ki Tuí), a pea ko te take mo te takanga o te faahoho'araa taua tenei. kihai i te puruma rite te puruma. Ka rite ki te tohu o to ratou no ki te kaihe o ngāué whiriwhiri a te kingi kakahu i te whitiki o te huruhuru hipi paraihe - e tahi puruma he i.

meka Hard

I roto i patua oprichnina he rota o te iwi e mea te nui - tino kore taea noa nei. Oprichnik - te reira i te ōka, te tetahi he i patua i te iti rawa 6000 iwi. Ko karanga tenei ahua Skrynnikov kōrero.

Ko te ngāué

Kua aua tau whakamataku āhuatanga e maha rite te wā o te tāmitanga, me te matawaenga. A, o te akoranga, i reira ko nga ngāué tino rongonui e mahara ratou mahi i te tino.

Fedor Basmanov - tama Alexei Danilovich ngāué. Mō haere Fedor te rongo i ko ia he aroha o Ivana Groznogo, i roto i ngā, tirohia ki te kōrero o nga tangata ke. whakaata te reira i te whakaeke Tatar i Ryazan. I roto i te 1569 whakahau Oprichny hōia i roto i te tonga o te whenua. I whakawhiwhia ia.

Malyuta Skuratov - oprichnik, te nanakia matua, ka tona īngoa no o iti roa. Ko ia te upoko o te oprichnina. ka anga ia tona mahi ki te tūranga i raro, engari no te mea o tona faito, kua tae teitei nui. Famously pai ahau ki te whakahaere i uiui ki te weriweri. Ko ia atu ōka atu oprichnik. Patua i roto i te mahi i roto i te 1573.

Athanasius Vyazemsky - tetahi oprichnik rongonui. i ahau mana motuhake o te kingi, ka mea ara ko e he tino Ivana Groznogo ka koa whakawhirinaki mutunga. Ko reira kia kaha kia tangohia anake rite nga rongoa rata whaiaro whakamataku Lenseem kingi i te ringa o Afanasiya Vyazemskogo. I roto i te mau taime o te tāmitanga nui Vyazemskij ki Malyuta Skuratov ahu nga ngāué. mutu ia tona oraraa te fenua Vyazemskij i roto i whakamamae, te whakapanga o kākā ki te hoariri o te Russian me te hiahia ki te kawe i Pskov Lithuania.

Mihail Temryukovich Cherkassky - Prince. I roto i Muscovy ka haere mai i roto i te 1556. Haapa'oraa i te hinaaro o tona papa, i iriiria e ia, a ka tetahi o nga rangatira. ka whakawhetai ki tona pakanga kororia ki nga Tatars ko te tuahine Maria, e te mea rite ki reira ki Tsar Ivan te Terrible Michael oprichnik. I muri i te tahi mau wa riro te rangatira Cherkassky nui mana i te marae o te tsar Moscow.

Mana i roto i ngāué ko tukuna Michael Cherkasky ki roto i Mahuru 1567. Ia, kia rite ki nga whika nui katoa o whaiaro kaitiaki o te kingi, whai wāhi i roto i te 'akau o te Waiti raua monarch whakarihariha. I roto i te Haratua Cherkassy mahi ana mo te puremu te whakapae, a tetahi o te putanga rongonui ko e noa i ripekatia.