Paora Yablochkov: poto haurongo, whakaahua, tenenga. Whakatuwhera Yablochkov Pavel Nikolayevich

he pakeke teie mahana ki te whakaaro e kore te kupu "hiko" i mohio katoa e pā ana ki 100 tau ki muri. I roto i te pūtaiao whakamātau kore he pera faingofua ki te kitea te pionie, e rua i roto i te ariā. I roto i ngā pukapuka, ka tuhituhia, Archimedes, Pythagoras ture tauwehe, tauwehe huarua, te pūnaha Copernican, ariā o Einstein, taka pūmotu ... Ko te ingoa o te tangata e whakaaro te marama hiko, mohio kore katoa.

Ko wai i hanga te pounamu karaihe ki makawe whakarewa i roto - i te rama? Ehara i te mea ohie ki te whakautu i tēnei pātai. I muri i te katoa, pā ana tenei tenenga ki te pūtaiao tatini. I roto i to ratou rarangi - Pavel Yablochkov, aroaro haurongo poto i roto i tenei tuhinga. tu ana tēnei ma'imi Russian i roto i kore anake e te tupu (198 cm), engari mahi ano hoki. whakatakotoria ana mahi i te turanga mo te rama i te hiko. E kore hoki tetahi i roto i te hapori pūtaiao kua tonu ahua mana o te kairangahau rite Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich. E whakaaro ana e ia? Ko te whakahoki ki tēnei pātai, me te maha atu meka ngā pā ana ki a Paora Nikolaevich, ka kitea e koe i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Origin, tau o te mātauranga

A, no te whanau a Paora Yablochkov (whakaatu whakaahua i runga ake ia ia) i, i roto i te rohe Täingäwai ko korara. mataku ona matua te moana nui, na kihai ratou i tukua e te tamaiti ki te hahi mo te te bapetizoraa. I roto i te hītori maumau tamata ki te kitea te ingoa Yablochkov i te pūkete hahi. ko ana matua kaipupuri whenua iti, a Yablochkov tamarikitanga o Paora haere ata, i roto i te whare kikī ana nui ki te hawhe-kau ruma, pakihi me te uru huarākau.

11 tau, no te a Paora, ka haere ia ki te ako i roto i te hākinakina Saratov. Me kï reira e hoki 4 tau te aroaro o Nikolai Chernyshevsky, freethinker kaiako, mahue tenei institution i St Petersburg Cadet Corps. ako a Paora Yablochkov i te kura mo te roa. I muri i te tahi mau wa, tona hapu nui rawakore. I roto o tenei āhuatanga i tetahi - he mahi hōia, i tapaea kē he iho utuafare. Na ka haere a Paora i roto i Yablochkov Pavlovsky whare o te kingi o St. Petersburg, i huaina te Mikhailovsky Castle mo o ona noho.

Yablochkov - te hanga pā

kua Sevastopol pakanga i tenei wa kua i roto i te mua tata (iti iho i te ara i te tekau tau). whakakitea te reira i hēramana toa, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te toi tiketike o te pā kāinga. Engineering Military i roto i aua tau i i te moni. General ei Totleben, nei ka rongonui i roto i te Crimean War, fakatāutaha te poipoi Engineering School, e te ako inaianei Pavel Yablochkov.

tohua tona haurongo te enei tau e noho ana i roto i te whare i te āheinga César Cui, kaipūkaha-whānui, e whakaako ana i tenei kura. Ko reira kotahi taranata, a tae noa atu mohio kaitito me te waiata fakaanga. Ana waiata me opera ora i teie mahana. Pea ko nga tau pau i roto i te pane enei, ko reira te oaoa mo Pavel Nikolayevich. Kua kore i whakaritea reira, e kore nei te reira ano kua tauhou me moni. kore kua matauranga nui ano mai ki a ia, Heoi, me te inoino, e i muri tonu tona ora, heoi ko kore.

Ko te setback tuatahi Yablochkov ka muri tu'ite i whakatairangatia ana ia ki te rūtene tuarua mā te tuku i te mahi i roto i te rima o Sapper Regiment e pā ana ki te pa hoia pupuri Kiev. Reality ope taua, nei tutaki ia Pavel, ko te iti rite ki te auaha, kaipūkaha ora ngā nei moe o ia i roto i St Petersburg. Military o Yablochkov kihai i mahi: he tau i muri rihaina ia "e tika ana ki te mate".

Ko te mohio tuatahi ki te hiko

I muri timata i tenei wā tino tukinotanga i Pavel Nikolayevich ora. Heoi, ka tuwhera ia kotahi tonu te mea e tahuri atu ki te kia tino nui i roto i tona aitua. He tau i muri i te rīhainatanga ohorere puta ano i roto i te Ope Pavel Nikolaevich Yablochkov. Biography Na reira haere he ara tino rerekē ...

Te ma'imi i mua nei whakangungua i te whare galvanic Hangarau. Here tona mohio i roto i te parae o "galvanism me te autō" (te kupu "hiko" rite kua mea matou, i kore ano te tīariari) te whakawhänui me te keri i. He maha Engineers rongonui me pūtaiao taitamariki i roto i te taitamariki, rite to tatou hero, ano taiawhiotanga i roto i primerivayas ora, e whakaata mai, rapu mo te tahi mea, tae noa kihai i kitea katoa o te ohorere te mea i titiro koe. Na kihai i taea e tetahi whakamatautau e arahi ratou kotiti. Waihoki, kitea Pavel-tau 22-tau tona piiraa - hiko. whakatapua e ia tona ora ki tona Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich. Inventions hanga e ia, kua hono katoa ki te hiko.

Jobs i roto i Moscow, ki te whakatau iwi hou

Pavel hopea rau te ope. haere ana ia ki Moscow me hohoro haere ratonga waea whakahaere Railway (Moscow-Kursk). Here i tona tikanga he taiwhanga, ka taea e kua tirohia e koe i roto i etahi, ahakoa whakaaro tonu wehi. Pavel Ko te hapori whakakotahi pūtaiao kaha, me te pūtaiao. I roto i Moscow, ako ia e pā ana ki te whakaaturanga Polytechnique tika whakatuwheratia. E whakaatu ana te reira i te whakatutukitanga hou o pūrere kāinga. I roto i te Yablochkov puta hoa, hoa, ko wai, rite ia, ngākau korakora hiko - iti uira tangata-i hanga! Ki te tetahi o ratou, Glukhov Didenko, whakatau Pavel ki te whakatuwhera i tona "pakihi". Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te awheawhe hiko ao.

Moving ki Paris, he ārai i runga i te rama

Heoi, ko te "meinga" o ratou pakaru. Ko tenei e kore te mea i nga kaitito i o te turi me te Yablochkov kaipakihi. I roto i te tikanga ki te karo whare herehere o te nama, Pavel Nikolayevich wawe ki te haere ki waho. I roto i te puna o 1876, i roto i Paris, riro he ārai mō "rama hiko" Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich. kua kore e kua te tenenga o tenei ki te kahore hoki te whakatutukitanga o mua i roto i te pūtaiao. Na reira, korero ki a matou poto e pā ana ki a ratou.

rama History ki Yablochkov

hanga tatou i te digression whakatapua huaki iti o mua ki te whakamārama i te tenenga tino nui Yablochkov, i waho whiwhi i te wa ano i roto i te uru raau hangarau. Ko te rama tuatahi ko te rama. Kua mohiotia te reira ki te taata mai nga wa onamata. Na ka ka whakaaro (ki Yablochkov) rama tuatahi, na he rama hinu, me ētahi atu - he rama i muri i te ia - he rama karahīni, ka te mutunga, he rama hau. enei rama katoa, i roto i to ratou kanorau katoa, piri e kotahi parau tumu noa: i roto ratou i te tahi mea tahunga ina ngā ki te hāora.

Ko te tenenga arcing

vv Petrov, he kaiputaiao Russian pūmanawa nei i roto i 1802 fakamatala'i te wheako i roto i te whakamahi o ngā āhuatanga galvanic. Kua riro tenei ihi he pewa hiko, hanga marama tuatahi hiko tāwhaiwhai o te ao. Ko Uira he marama tūturu. Mō kua roa i mohiotia ai ki te taata, te tahi atu mea, ko te e kore e matau te iwi tona natura.

e kore e tano Petrov tonoa he mahi tuhituhi i roto i te Russian. kahore i runga i mohiotia ai i roto i Europe, na te roa o te kororia o te whakatuwheratanga te pewa pēnei ki te kēmihi Davy, te kēmihi rongonui Ingarihi. O te akoranga, i mohio ia kahore e pā ana ki te taenga Petrova. faahiti e ia tona wheako i muri i te 12 tau, me te ingoa i roto i te honore o Volta pewa, te ahupūngao rongonui i Itari. Ko reira ngā e te Volta rawa A. kua reira tino kahore ki te mahi.

rama pewa me te huakore e pā ana ki a ratou

hoatu Opening o pūtaiao Russian, me te reo Ingarihi whanaketanga ki te putanga o te pewa faufaa hou rama, hiko. whakatata ratou e rua electrodes, whitinga pewa, me te ka puta marama kanapa. Heoi, ko te rerekētanga, ko te e tahu electrodes waro i etahi wa i muri, te whakanui ake i te therebetween tawhiti. I roto i te mutunga, ka mate te pewa ki waho. Ko reira tika ki te kawe tonu huihuia nga electrodes. Heoi i reira i ngā pārōnaki, te wā, te ringa, me te tahi atu tikanga whakatikatika, e, i roto i te tahuri, rapu tata mātakitaki. Ko reira mārama e ko ia rama o tenei ahua he āhuatanga faahiahia.

Ko te rama aano atu tuatahi me ona kino

French pūtaiao Zhobar whakamahi whakaarohia mō te rama aano atu waea hiko, e kore te pewa. Shanzhi, tona compatriot, tamata ki te hanga i tētahi rama. AN Lodygin, kawea ihi Russian reira "ki te hinengaro." i hanga e ia te rama aano tuatahi, pai mō te mahi. Otiia ko te tino he pakarukaru, te wahine whakatarapi Coke matua i roto i te reira. I tua atu, i roto i te puoto whakaata i reira i iti mārua, Heoi hohoro reira tahu te tokotoko. No te mea o tenei, i roto i te waenganui-1870 i runga i rama nakalyvaniya faaoti ki te hoatu i te ripeka. Kua hoki mai ano nga kaitito i ki te pewa. Ko reira ka e puta a Paora poitukohu.

rama hiko

Kia aroha mai, e kore matou e matau me pehea whakaaro ia he rama. Mahalo ka haere mai te whakaaro o reira ka tukua Pavel ki whakaturia tauwehe ratou rama pewa. Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te rerewē i reira kua tāuta i runga i te tereina (tereina motuhake, i aru i te Crimea ki te Tsar Alexander II). Pea kaihopu pewa, ohorere whawhati atu i roto i tona taiwhanga, totohu ia ki te wairua. He ko he kōrero e i roto i te wharekai Paris tūpono hoatu Yablochkov taha e rua pene rākau i taha i runga i te tepu. A ka puta ake i te reira ki runga ki ahau: e kore ahau e whai tetahi ki te wahia tahi! Kia e muri electrodes, i muri i te insulator wiki, whakapumautia weranga i roto i te pewa te i waenganui ia ratou. Ko te kupu, ka tahu i te electrodes me poroa i te wa ano! Ka rite ki te mea ratou, ngingila katoa - tika.

Ka rite ki te rama patua Yablochkov te ao

Yablochkov rama i runga i te pūrere i tino ohie. Na ko tona painga nui tenei. e kore e kaihoko matau i wātea ki tona tikanga te hangarau. Ko Ko te aha patua te rama Yablochkov ki tere inä te ao. I tū tōna whakaatu tuatahi i roto i te puna o te 1876 i roto i te London. hoki Pavel, e kua tata mawhiti i nama, ki Paris te kua mohiotia ki nga kaitito i. Mua Campaign Operation no ki reira i reira tonu.

I whakaturia wheketere motuhake, i whakaputaina 8 mano. kānara i runga i te rā. riro ratou i te miramira o ngā toa rongonui o Paris me hotels, he papa purei roto, me te opera, te tauranga i Le Havre. puta rama pare ataahua i runga i Opera ara - he matakitakinga inä, he korero patupaiarehe tūturu. I ngutu o te katoa ko "ao Russian". whakamoemititia ratou tetahi o nga pukapuka P. I. Chaykovsky. tuhituhi hoki Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev i Paris ki tona teina i whakaaro Paora Yablochkov te tahi mea katoa hou i roto i te rama. Pavel whakapehapeha parau i muri i horapa te hiko, puta noa i te ao, no te o te whakapaipai Wīwī, me te whiwhi ki te marae o Kingi o Cambodia me te Shah o Pahia, a kahore hurihia - i Amerika ki Paris, rite kī.

"Mate ā-moa" kānara

mea Amazing tohua te hītori o te pūtaiao! oho te rama hiko katoa o te ao, ahu e P. N. Yablochkovym e pā ana ki e rima nga tau he ikuna, i roto i te meka, i runga i te horihori, te ara he. Tino roa tonu kānara whakanui, me te motuhake pūtea Yablochkov. e kore rama noa "ahua mangu", engari kihai i taea e ia te tu i te whakataetae ki te rama aano atu. Wāhi ki tenei raruraru nui e ia ia. Tenei whakaiti o te wāhi luminous i roto i te tukanga parariraa, me fragility.

O te akoranga, te mahi o Swann, Lodygina, Maxim, Edison me ētahi atu he kaitito Nernst rama aano atu, i roto i te tahuri, i kore riria tonu te taata i roto i ona painga. Auer i 1891, whakatakotoria ana pōtae ki runga ki te pūwera hau. faarahi tenei pōtae te wherikotanga o te muri. Ahakoa Na, i reira kua take i reira faaoti te mana ki te whakakapi i te hau rama hiko tāuta. Heoi, i roto i te ora o Pavel Nikolayevich ko reira mārama e whakaaro te rama Aue ratou. He aha te mea te take e te mau tuhituhia te ingoa o te kaihanga o te "ao Russian" ki te ra hakari i roto i te aamu o te pūtaiao, me te hoki atu atu i te rau tau karapotia e te faatura, me te whakahonoretia?

Te tikanga tenenga Yablochkov

Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich tuatahi whakaaetia i roto i nga hinengaro o te marama hiko. Ko te rama, i he rawa onge inanahi anake, whakatata tenei ra te tangata mutu ki te waiho i te ahua o te merekara tāwāhi, ki te riria iwi o to ratou heke mai hari. whai wāhi hītori te tupuhi, me te pai poto o tenei tenenga ki te otinga o ngā raruraru maha pēhi e haukotia te hangarau o te wā.

Ko te haurongo atu o Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov

i ora ai Pavel he ora poto, kihai i nei rawa hari. I muri whakaaro Paora Yablochkov tona rama, mahi ia rawa pakeke i roto i to tatou whenua, a ki waho. e kore e kore tetahi o ana whakatutukitanga muri pāngia kia nui ki te ahunga whakamua o te hangarau, tona rama. hoatu He maha nga mahi o Pavel i te hanganga o te roko hiko tuatahi i roto i to tatou whenua i huaina "Hiko". tīmata atu ia ki te 1880 tua atu, March 21, lau 1879 Pavel te pūrongo i runga i rama hiko i roto i te Russian Hangarau Society. I whakawhiwhia e ia te mētara o te Society mo tona whakatutukitanga. Heoi, i iti enei tohu ki i hoatu Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov tikanga mahi pai. te kitenga te ma'imi e i roto i whakamuri Russia 1880 iti hōkai mo te mahi o ona whakaaro hangarau. Ko tētahi o ratou ko te hanga o waka hiko, e kua hanga Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich. tuhia ano haurongo Poto o ia te nekehanga ki Paris. A, no te hoki ia i reira i roto i 1880, hokona e ia te ārai ki te dynamo, a ka timata taka hoki, puritia hoki te wa tuatahi whai wāhi i roto i te whakaaturanga Electrotechnical Ao. i whakaritea tona waha mo te 1881. I mua i tēnei tau, i oti rawa ia ia katoa ki te hoahoa Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich.

haurongo Poto o te kaipūtaiao haere e Yablochkov tenenga i te whakaaturanga i roto i te 1881, riro ia te tohu teitei. tika ratou āhukahuka me te i roto i o te whakataetae. Ko tiketike tona mana, a ka Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich he mema o te tekau ao, ko tona mahi, ko ki te arotake i te whakaaturanga, me te whakatau ki te tohu i te taonga. kia mea te reira e kua riro tenei whakaaturanga rawa he whakamanamana o rama aano atu. Mai taua wa, kei te āta timata te mura hiko ki te ngehe kau.

I roto i te tau o muri mai tīmata Yablochkov te mahi i runga i ngā pūtau iahiko me te dynamo - generator hiko. Ko te ara i roto i i ko Pavel i te mahi, he hou i roto i to tatou wa. Angitu kia Herald i reira he wā hou i roto i te engineering hiko. kore Yablochkov hoki ki te puna marama. I roto i nga tau o muri mai, whakaaro ia e rave rahi waka hiko, ka riro Mua ki runga ki a ratou.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o te ora o te ma'imi

I roto i te wā i 1881 ki te 1893 kawea Yablochkov i ona ngā i roto i te tikanga rauemi uaua, mahi tonu. noho ia i roto i Paris, tino te tuuraa ki nga raruraru o te pūtaiao. Scientist whakamātautau una'una, te tono i te rota o whakaaro taketake i roto i to ratou mahi, haere i roto i ara ohorere, me te maia rawa. O te akoranga, ko mua o te kāwanatanga o te toi, te pūtaiao, me te ahumahi i te wa ia. Ko te pahūtanga, i puta i roto i te ngā i roto i tona taiwhanga, tata utu te ora o Pavel Nikolayevich. waimaero Permanent o te tūnga pūtea, me te mate ngakau, i ahu whakamua katoa - turakina tenei katoa i nga ope o te ma'imi. I muri i te ngaro-tau kotahi tekau ma toru, ua faaoti ia ki te hoki ki to ratou fenua.

haere Pavel ki Russia i Hūrae 1893, engari ka nui hoki te mate i muri tonu tona taenga. kitea e ia i roto i tona wahi i te pāmu rere kore i taea e e tumanako ki te whakapai ake i to ratou āhuatanga pūtea. Fakataha ki tana wahine me te tama Pavel noho i roto i Saratov hotera. tonu e ia ana ngā ara ka te mate, me te rawakore.

Yablochkov Pavel Nikolaevich, te whakatuwheratanga o nei te mau tuhituhia i roto i te aamu o te pūtaiao, mate o te mate ngakau i te tau o 47 tau (i roto i te 1894), i roto i te pa o Saratov. Ana whakaaro me mahi o to tatou motherland whakakake.