Pita Kalnyshevsky: biography. Canonization rangatira Petra Kalnyshevskogo

puritia rongonui Ataman Zaporizhzhya sich, i te mea te whakamutunga i roto i te aamu o te käwanatanga Cossack kua tenei tari tiketike - Pita Kalnyshevsky. Hoki mahi mahia i roto i te ora o tenei tangata, i muri i whakaaro o te Hinota Tapu o te Iukereiniana Siu Ekalesia o te ripoata o te Komihana synodal mo nga Causes o Feia Mo'a, i taimí ia. whakamaharatanga tika Petra Kalnyshevskogo Whiringa 13 i runga i te maramataka Gregorian, te ra o tona mate. Ka rite ki ora ia tenei tangata, me te mea whakamiharo oti ratou i roto i tona ora, ko te meka i i taimí ia? Ko te whakahoki ki tenei pātai ka ngana ki te hoatu i te tuhinga.

Ko te timatanga o te haere o te ora

Kalnyshevsky Pita Ivanovich ko te Māori o te kainga Pustovoytovka, kei nei i roto i Sumy rohe (Ukraine). Tau o te whanau - 1691. Kia aroha mai, i roto i te hītori o ngā raraunga tata kore tiaki e pā ana ki tona tamarikitanga, me te taitamarikitanga. Facts e pā ana ki tau tona wawe whakapumautia anake a kanohi, engari kōrero e haere te iwi i i mangai ki te mangai.

Kei te anake mohiotia te reira e i whanau ia i roto i te utuafare o Cossack. Aita i maoro roa i uitou tona whaea, ko Pita i te 8 tau o tau ka haere mai ki te sich. Ahakoa he pono kōrero ranei tenei - e kore e mohiotia. Kia pehea te eke ia ki te piringa o te Cossacks, rawa, e kore te mohiotia.

I roto i te riro Zaporozhye Petr Kalnyshevsky tona mātauranga tuatahi, ko reira he kura i te hahi. Me kï reira e ia i te wāhi nui i roto i tona mahi o tetahi Cossack heke mai mātauranga. I roto i te Zaporozhye i hahi i whakatuwheratia e rave rahi kura, i reira i whakahaere haapiiraa e ngā māngai o te minita.

Motuhēhē i te meka e te mahi hōia tīmata ia rite te Squire ohie. I mua i hoko ataman, ko ia he kānara, me te hīkoi 1752 mo 1761, me te esaul hōia i roto i 1754, me te kaiwhakawa hōia i 1763 ki te 1765

Kalnyshevsky ko te rangatira hōia rawa pūmanawa, toa ta'emanavahē, he kaitōrangapū tohunga rawa; mohio ia he rota, a ko taea ki te. Ehara i te mea maere e hohoro i whakawhiwhia e ia he paetukutuku hōia hou - rūtene whānui.

i mohiotia pai Kalnyshevsky i marae. Neke atu i te kotahi, ko ia te upoko o te embassies Cossack rite Pita ahau me Ekaterina II.

1762 ko ha taimi mahu'inga i roto i tona ora - Kalnyshevsky ataman whiriwhiri.

chieftanship tuatahi

Pita Kalnyshevsky, tona haurongo he taonga i roto i ngā kaupapa o hanganga hītori, i pōtitia Ataman atu kotahi. ka karanga tona tari pōtitia tuatahi i: "Ko te ataman - te pairati o te ope katoa." I tenei tūnga whiriwhiri nga Cossacks ratou pene i roto i te wheako marohirohi me tino mea kinaki o kaumatua.

Hoki te wā tuatahi pau Kalnyshevsky Ataman he moka rawa. he nui rawa tona mana i roto i nga mua. nekehia ia ia i tenei tūranga Catherine II rite te kāwanatanga kino.

chieftanship tuarua

Pita Kalnyshevsky i pera whakaaro i roto i te ope Cossack, e kore e ara wehi ki te ofati i te ture o Kuini nga mua. Anga ke ki te i pai ai o Catherine II, pōtitia ano rangatira Cossack ia rite ratou ataman. tupu tenei i roto i te 1764.

Me kï reira e, rite he rangatira, Kalnyshevsky kaha whakawhanakehia i roto i te Zaporozhye kararehe tupuranga me te ahuwhenua. hiahia ia ki te whakapiki ake i te maha o te taupori o tenei rohe, a awhinatia tenei nga peasants e rere atu i o ratou rangatira. Ki te tona tautoko me te whai wāhi o te Cossacks maha huakina Tatars tukua i te whakarau o ratou teina. muri Ohunga Ataman i mo to ratou whenua i roto i Zaporozhye.

riro Nā steppe Kalnyshevsky hohoro Zaporizhia maha kainga hou. ka Pita Kalnyshevsky ia tetahi o te iwi momona i roto i Ukraine. Ko ia te rangatira o maha kainga me pāmu, mara, me wahi kai, he maha nga mano o nga kararehe kau a.

haere ki raro Kalnyshevsky i roto i te hītori rite te philanthropist rongonui. i hanga tona moni hahi me mau hiero i roto i te maha o nga pa Ukrainian me kainga.

Kalnyshevsky ko Catherine II

Catherine II He wāhi nui i roto i te whakarau Kalnyshevsky kore anake, hoatu e ia tona ringa ki te whakangaromanga o te katoa o Zaporizhzhya sich. Ko ka tenei e kōrero i muri.

I roto i te takiwa, kua mohiotia ai e i tetahi wa Kalnyshevsky, he wahi o nga Cossacks o te tira ki te marae, ka mau te whai wāhi ki te whakatau ki te kāhui Russian me whakapumautia takawaenga whanaunga ki whai hua mō ngā tuakiri ratou.

arahina tenei ki te meka i meinga mo te wā Kalnyshevsky Pita Ivanovich tetahi o te iwi momona me tino whai mana i roto i Ukraine. Ka rite ki rangatira, i tae noa karangatia ia ki te koroneihana o Catherine II.

Ko tona mahi rawa ahuareka a ka tuhia ai te kuini, engari kihai i taua pā i te whakatau ki te tango ia i tari Kalnyshevsky Ataman Cossack ope (ko reira te tango tuatahi Kalnyshevsky i tari). Ko tētahi putanga o tenei hui hītori, ta e kore i rite te kuini Pākehā Nui atu toku hae o ataman whenua Zaporizhzhya sich.

A, no te pōtitia Kalnyshevsky mo te rua o nga wa, i runga i nga whakahau o Kuini i ara hanga he tari motuhake o ngā tirohanga, e rangahau te te take mo te taua marae kingi ringaringa maia. Ko wai e matau ana aha e kua mutu te tūhuratanga, me te pehea maha ngā whāinga pai "rere iho i te turanga," ki te kore te whawhai i waenganui i Russia me Turkey.

Russian-Turkish te whawhai

mohio marae Royal e taea te ope Cossack kia o tokoni nui i roto i te kaha i te Turkey, i te arataki i roto i te whawhai i te Cossacks kore anake. kahore kōwhiringa engari ki "tapiri i to ratou kanohi" ki te pōtitanga loto Cossacks Kalnyshevsky Catherine II i, i takoha ia ki te haere mai ki ngā ki te meka e kore i tona e pai mahi ana.

Ko te meka e ia he pānga nui, me te taonga, nga wa katoa noho Kalnyshevsky ataman noa te ra whakamutunga o te oraraa o te sich. Katoa tau mō te 10 tau, ko reira tona rangatira whiriwhiri.

I roto i Russia, whakaaturia te whawhai ki a Turkey Cossack ope kua iho anake ki te ringa pai. ko te tino pai te kuini, a amuamu paetukutuku hōia Cossack kawana i o rūtene whānui. I tua atu, i te rangatira Pita Kalnyshevsky riro te taitara o Chevalier o te Order o te Russian Empire - Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Sich: te mutunga o te hītori

Zaporozhtsy nga hoia tautururaa, tautoko ratou Russia i te whawhai ki a Turkey. Otiia i te huru marae kingi ki a ratou ko pono kino: whakaaro nga Cossacks i tutu. I hoki ko Russia he riri i Tatars, nohotahi Zaporozhye ope, ka whakaae, engari i muri i te hainatanga o te tiriti te rongo ki te Crimean Khanate Empress faaoti ki te pehea e o nga mua. i puta Prince Potemkin he tikanga i runga i te whakangaromanga o Zaporizhzhya sich. Na, i roto i te Mei o 1755 te kawana o Potemkin Tekeli karapotia ana hōia sich.

A, no te mea whakarite nga Cossacks i pu, i whakaurua ratou ki te ture a te Empress, i mahi ki taua sich - ko te riri ki te kingitanga. Otiia hiahia te Kuini mo ki kia ataahua, e mahara ana te mea i Cossacks āwhina i roto i te whawhai ki nga Turkey, tapaea ia ki te hunga e hiahia ki te noho i te puni ki te waiho i te tikanga hōia, me te whai wāhi i roto i te ahuwhenua.

I te kaunihera Cossack, ahu ahau Kalnyshevsky, i whakaritea e te reira ki te karo i te ātete toto. Ehara i te roa i mua, whawhai nga Cossacks pokohiwi ki he uma ki te Russian ki te Tatars.

Tenei whakatau ko te meka i tino whakangaromia te sich ka mutu ki te tīariari.

Ko te whiu atu o Kalnyshevsky

i riro Kalnyshevskiy Petr Ivanovich, kua oti te a tawhio hou nei haurongo, ka tangohia tika tonu ki a St Petersburg. i whakawakia rangatira mua i te Military Collegium. Hoki e talangata'a ki nga whakahau o te kāwanatanga i kitea ia hara.

Na kua hoatu hītori mua te putanga i ko te take i hiahia Kalnyshevsky ki te riro i te kaiwhakarewa o te sich rawa hou, i reira e kia te Cossacks me te Āpiha Petty katoa mateaki ki a ia anake.

Kalnyshevsky, ko wai i taua wa ko 85 nga tau, i whiua ki te mate. Potemkin tautohetia ia mo taua whiu ki te whakakapi i te rangatira tawhito Cossack ki whakaraua mo'uí i Solovki ohu whakapono.

ohu Solovetsky

Kua i tautooraa Potemkin te mana, a ka takoto a Pita Kalnyshevsky ataman whakamutunga i roto i te whare herehere mo te mōrearea tāhae, i ko i runga i te rohe o te ohu whakapono Solovetsky.

Ka rite ki rangatira whakaaro rawa mōrearea mo te katoa o te taihara Russian Empire, i tangohia e ia o te matau o te kōrero, me te reta. Na, ka herehere Kalnyshevsky e rite nui rite 25 tau.

Ahakoa te tahi atu mauhere o te ohu whakapono tiakina e 2 kaitiaki, Kalnyshevsky whakaritea 4. I tukua e ia ki te waiho i te wahi o te whare herehere o 3 nga wa i te tau, i runga i nga hararei nui fakalotu: Liliú o to tatou Ariki, Kirihimete me Aranga. Enei ra tae ia koropiko.

Me kï reira e tatari tonu te Potemkin me Catherine II mo te-tau 85-tau kia tawhiti. i whakaritea ona tirotiro i te rota o te moni, i ara whakaaro ia he herehere e whakahonoretia ana. Heoi whakakake kore Koschevoi i roto i tona wa i roto i te whakarau kihai i kōnae tetahi pitihana te Empress ona kainga ranei ranei. Ano, he hauora pai, i ite ia kia rite ki te Potemkin me Catherine.

tuku

110 tau o Petru Kalnyshevskomu ka faaoti te mokopuna o Catherine ki te tuku ia ia. Tonu i karangatia Ataman ki te whiriwhiri i te wahi mo te noho atu. Ki te he taua tau kaumatua, he tangata koroheke, ahakoa i matapo kua ia, ano noho i te ngakau mārama. Ia faaite noa tona mauruuru mo te whakaoranga o (tuhipoka, e kore kahore te tetahi horopeta o te korokë) ka i ui whakaaetanga a ia ki te ora i roto i te wahi ki te i na taunga ki te 25 tau o te whare herehere e ia.

Kalnyshevsky: i runga i te karakia

Te riroraa ataman, he ahua nui Kalnyshevsky. Haunga ia whakapai hoki ia ki ki te pupuri i te kuraina nei i whakarongo ki te tohutohu o kaiarahi fakalaumālié.

I roto i tona ora ko ia te initiator me kaihanga o hahi maha. Tona moni, kua ka maha hahi i te oko hahi hou.

Te riroraa i te herehere o te ohu whakapono Solovki, piro ia tona karakia, me te te haehaa.

I muri i te whakaoranga i ora Kalnyshevsky mō te 2 tau. I roto i te 1803, ka tanumia ia e tata ana te Faahuru Cathedral, i roto i te rohe o te ohu whakapono. Kia aroha mai, te wahi tanumanga o te rangatira nui e i roto i tona puka taketake kihai i ora, no te mea i roto i te 30-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga i runga i te rohe, te wahi i noho ai ia Ataman, i tīmata anō ano te whare herehere, engari tenei wa mo te whenua o nga hoariri Sovietí.

Mai te wahi tanumanga o rangatira e noho ana i roto i te iwi herehere whakatokia noa māra, i wahia te urupa ki te whenua. Neke atu i te wa, kua kitea taua mea, ka whakahokia menema tohu e tanumia tenei whenua Kalnyshevsky.

Pita Kalnyshevsky: canonization

e kore e uri mauruuru wareware te rangatira nui. I tona urupa i whakatūria he tohu ki te whakapakoko o Lika Koshevogo.

Whiringa 13, 2015 Kalnyshevsky, i toputapu whakawhetai ki te kaupapa me te mau tautooraa o te Siu Ekalesia Ukrainian i raro i te Moscow Patriarchate.

Mai i tenei i runga i, venerated St. Pita Kalnyshevsky te ra o tona whakawhiti ki tetahi atu ao - 13 Whiringa. E ai ki nga whakarerenga iho a 'Ofotokisií, kua whakawhanakehia inoi motuhake me te icon ki te mata o te tapu i.

I runga i te eve o te canonization o Petra Kalnyshevskogo Metropolitan o Kiev me katoa Ukraine Onufry whakatutuki ki tana TAPU Patereareha o Moscow me katoa Russia Kirill tono te mau haamaitairaa mo te rironga o nga pukahu o te rangatira nui, me te whakawhiti ratou ki tona whare - i roto i te Zaporozhye.

I muri i taua nekehanga i roto o nga Pīhopatanga tohunga 14 karakia ki āna tikanga, i roto i nei i taimí Pita Kalnyshevsky. Ko te pukahu o te tangata tapu, o nga minita ka waiho te whakatau i roto i te wahine a Protection Tapu Cathedral.