Pita Lavrov: haurongo, ngā mahi, me ngā meka ngā

Pita Lavrovich Lavrov (1828-1900) mohiotia te rite tetahi o nga ideologists matua Russian Narodnichestvo. I tetahi wa i ia he mana nui i runga i te hanganga o te kaupapa hou i roto i to tatou whenua. Interest me ona akoranga oraraa totiare, me te taumauri ki matau i te huru o te intelligentsia ki te āhuatanga pāpori-tōrangapū i roto i Russia i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 19, ka rite ki te pai kia rite ki te matapae o te tiango o mua.

whānau

haere mai a Pita Lavrov i te utuafare pai pai-mohiotia. Tona papa, S. Laurel, mahi i roto i te ope, ka whai wāhi i roto i te Pakanga o 1812. I ia hoa ki te matenga o te Imperial Chancellery me whakataunga hōia Alekseem Arakcheevym, nei koa tonu te whakawhirinaki o Alexander te nui. I muri i te whawhai, mutu L. S. Lavrov ki te paetukutuku o te kānara o pū, ka moea e Elizabeth Karlovna Gandvig. haere mai ia i te whānau pai Swedish Russified, a ka hanga e maitai mo tona wa. I roto i 1823, te tau i ratou he tama, Pita. I te wa o tona whanau i noho te whānau i runga i te Melekhovo whenua kei roto i Pskov kawanatanga.

Pita Lavrovich Lavrov: he haurongo poto (tamarikitanga)

Ka rite ki ētahi atu o ana hoa i te rangatira, te tangata tohe ake nei i te tamarikitanga ako reo ke. I roto i ngā, e tika ana ki te whaea, me te kaiako mātanga ko reira te tino wawe i roto i te Tiamana French me taukei.

I roto i te 1837, ka tono tangata a Pita Lavrov ki St. Petersburg, te wahi pai haere ia i te whakamātautau me te whakauru i roto i te kura o Artillery. I roto i ona akoranga i tenei kura nui hōia whaimana whakamatauria te tangata taitamariki ki te waiho i te ākonga uaua o ka i whakaaro te whatupango pai o academician M. Ostrogradskii. i na nui e muri i te fariiraa i tona tītohu repetitorstvovat mahue i roto i tona kura Māori ana angitu. I roto i te whakarara ki te akoranga, takitahi ako Pita Lavrov te tuhinga pūtaiao i runga i te pūtaiao pāpori me te ohaoha, tuhituhi rotarota, me te mahi i te rangahau i roto i te mara o pāngarau. mana'o nui ki runga ki a ia i hanga nga mahi o te te mua utopian.

mahi anō

Ko te kaiako taitama o Mathematical Sciences hohoro riro āhukahuka i hoa, ka i whakaritea kaiwhakatikatika hōia i roto i te Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy o St. Petersburg, maranga ki te paetukutuku o te kānara. I te tau 1860 i whakawhitia e ia ki a Konstantinovsky Military School, te wahi i arahina kaimātakitaki e rave rahi tau ia.

ora whaiaro

I roto i te 1847, ka moea e Pita Lavrov te ataahua pouaru-AH Loveyko. Te faaipoiporaa ki te whaea o rua tamariki, a tae noa te Tiamana i te takenga (nee Kapger) tape'ai Laura Stepanovich, e moemoeā o te kēmu ngingila mo tana tama. Ka rite ki te hua, i tangohia Pita o te tautoko pūtea o te matua. Neke atu i te wa, ka puta mai te tokorua wha atu tama, he tamahine a te whānui, hanga i te tūranga rauemi o te whānau, ko te ara ake Mōrearea. Ki te hopoia "whiwhi atu," i takoha Lavrov ki te whiwhi ngana moni "i te taha" ka tuhituhi tuhinga motuhake mō "Artillery Journal". Kua puta ke te āhuatanga mō te pai i muri i te matenga o tona papa, me te tuakana, ka riro Pita Lavrovich he kainga pai.

ngā mahi Literary me pūtaiao

Noa'tu te mau fifi o te ora, te wā ki te tūhura i te mahi tino rongonui o mau philosopho Pākehā o tona wa i te nakawhiti Pita Lavrov, rotarota whakaputaina i roto i te A. I. Gertsena, whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o te "Encyclopedic Dictionary" tuhinga whakaputaina i runga i te rapunga whakaaro me te pāpori, me te i runga i ngā take o te morare tūmatanui , tuhituhinga, toi me te mātauranga tūmatanui.

I tua atu, whakaputaina tona pukapuka tuatahi i roto i te tau 1860. I roto i tenei mahi, e tika ana rite "tuhinga roa i runga i ngā take o te kaupapa mahi," tohe Lavrov e kore e taea e te tomo i te tangata morare ki pakanga ki te hapori i roto i nei te whakawa he kingi. I roto i tona tirohanga, ka taea e te hapori pai anake kia he pūnaha e hāngai ana e te i runga i te uniana noa o te iwi morare, me te kore utu.

Te hopu me te whakarau

I te tau 1860 a Pita Lavrovich Lavrov, biography o nei whakaaturia te runga ake, he ākonga whai wāhi mātātoa, me te nekehanga hou. ka hoa ki N. G. Chernyshevskim ia, a meinga ana ia hei mema o te whakahaere tuatahi o "Whenua me Freedom".

April 4, 1866 i te kuwaha o te Summer Garden D. Karakozov hanga te whakamātau i runga i Alexander II. Ko reira meapango, Heoi, meinga te tāmitanga tukua e tae atu a Pita Lavrov. I hopukina e ia i runga i utu o "horahanga whakaaro kino" me i roto i ngā hoapā ki Chernyshevsky, Mikhailov me ki Ahorangi Pavlov. I muri i te whare herehere poto me te marae ka tonoa e ia he hono ki Vologda Province. Hea noho ia i te tau 1867 ki te 1870, ka tutaki ki te rōpū whakarau o te ngangaretanga Polish A. Chaplitsky, e waiho te wahine i tana noa-ture.

"Reta Historical"

I roto i te whakarau, i tuhituhi a Pita Lavrovich Lavrov ana mahi pāpori-tōrangapū pai mohiotia, anga te intelligentsia Russian ahu whakamua.

Tona "Letters Historical" ka karanga hoki te iwi taitamariki ake ki te ara, me te matau i te raruraru o te kau mua, me te iwi noa hiahia, te āwhina ite ia tona kaha. Ko neke atu i te wā i te ahua o tenei hua, kia rite ki te intelligentsia orurehau i roto i rapu o kaha hou o tona tono kaha. i "Historical Letters" Lavrov "papaki o whatitiri" me tetahi o nga kaimanawa wä mo te whakahaere o te mahi mahi o te intelligentsia hou.

Biography (Pita Lavrov) i muri i 1870

I muri hoki mai i te whakarau pāhoro whakahaere ki hetia waiho te whenua, ka haere ki Paris. I reira ka ia i roto i te pa ki te māngai o te kaupapa mahi Pākehā Western ka piri te ahau International. I roto i te wā o te Paris korerorero haere ki Rānana me te whāinga ki te whakarite i te faaora o te hoa whakapaea.

I roto i tona noho i roto i te pane o te British Empire Lavrov tutaki ki Marx me Engels.

I roto i te tau ka 1873-1877 pāhoro ētita o te hautaka "Forward" me te taua ingoa i te nūpepa 2-wiki - aronga haona o populism Russian, ka karanga "lavrizmom". I muri i te kōhurutanga o Alexander II, ka hoa ki te tangata Pita Lavrovich. whakaae noa ia ki te whakatika "Bulletin o o nga Iwi E" ki L. Tikhomirov.

I te wa ano tipu tona mana ao. Kati te reira ki te mea e i Hōngongoi 1889 te ngā mema o te rōpū Armenian Gnchak - te tuatahi Party pāpori, e he tari i runga i te rohe o Pahia, me te Ottoman Empire, mana Pita Lavrov ki tohu i te reira i te Congress o te International Tuarua.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Tae noa ona ra whakamutunga, tonu a Pita Lavrov ki takawaenga ki te kaupapa hou. Heoi, i te mutunga o tona ora i hiahia ake i roto i ngā take e pā ana ki te hītori o te kaupapa. Ka rite ki te hua o tona rangahau pūtaiao i tuhituhia reira e rave rahi mahi ariā, tae atu i te pepa "Ko te māramatanga o te mahi o te hītori."

Pita Lavrov, nga whakaaro matua i nga te pūtake o te kaupapa tangata, mate i roto i Paris i te 1900, pakeke 72 tau, ka tanumia i roto i te urupā o Montparnasse.

I muri i waiho e ia he kainga tupu tuhituhi nui, tae atu 825 mahi me 711 pukapuka. Ko ia ano hoki te kaituhi o pinepine o ngā rotarota tōrangapū, i roto i nei e rawa rongonui "Mahi Marseillaise", timata ki te kupu "whakarerea te ao tawhito ...", ki te mea i tuhituhia i te waiata i muri. I roto i te tekau tau tuatahi e rua o te rau tau 20, ko tenei waiata kotahi o te tino pinepine whakamana i roto i aro, aro, me te Congresses o nga tahae, a i roto i te tau tuatahi o te mana Soviet me kawana o te iwi.

whakaaro taumauri

Ko te pūtaiao mōhiohio manakohia ki Lavrov ki eclecticism. Na kua tika ai tenei, i roto i tona kaupapa positivist-agnostitsisticheskoy mai, tamata ia ki te whakakotahi i te pūnaha o Hegel, F. Lange, Feuerbach, Comte, Proudhon, Spencer, Chernyshevsky, Bakunin ko Marx.

E ai ki a ia, hanga te kōrero morare a hanga e te tokoiti i runga i to ratou ake, na te mahi tuatahi o te tahae, ko te ki te whakawhanake i te pai morare.

I roto i te 1870 i reira i i kau muimui te kahui ka a Lavrov, te bashentsev rōpū pera-ka karanga. I tua atu, ka e ia te rangatira mō o te parirau matau o nga tahae o te Russian Empire. Heoi, i kore muri roa tenei āhuatanga, ka tahuri hohoro maha kaiwhakahau o tona Māoritanga ki atu Bakuninism tuwhena. Heoi, te whakatangihanga a lavrizm kahore tūranga i roto i te faaineineraa no te mau melo o te heke mai o nga porowhita pāpori-manapori tuatahi.

Na e matau ana koutou e te P. Lavrov. Ka rite tetahi o nga mema o te torutoru o te rangatira nei ui wawe ki ki te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga o te kaimahi me peasants, e kore kua Pita Lavrovich i wareware e te mana kāwanatanga tuatahi o kaimahi me peasants i roto i te ao. I roto i ngā, whakaingoatia Furshtatskaya ara i Leningrad i tona kororia. Nā ki tenei i tenei ra, he maha rongonui mua Palace Petra Lavrova, te wahi e tū tikanga marena. A ko reira tino fakataipe, rite te philosopho rongonui kotahi takoha pūtea pai-he mo te whakaaro ki o tona faaipoiporaa ki te wahine aroha ia, a ka noho ki a ia e toru tekau nga tau fiefia mo.