Pūhui matatini: nomenclature me te whakarōpū

Ko te nui rawa a tino kanorau i roto i te rauemi pararopi ko te piha o pūhui matatini. Ki tenei e taea te pēnei ki te rōpū o pūhui organometallic, pērā i chlorophyll me te pūtoto. Ko enei hononga ko te piriti e hono te matū pararopi me te organic i roto i te pūtaiao amui. tūranga tino taonga i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi matatini matauranga i roto i te mara o te matū tātari me te karaihe matū, te ako o te tukanga koiora tino nui: te ahotakakame, ā-(pūtau) respiration.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka titiro tatou te hanganga me te nomenclature o pūhui matatini, me te te mau parau tumu o to ratou whakarōpū.

Ruruku ariā A. Werner

I te mutunga o te XX rau pūtaiao Swiss A. Werner whakamatauria e te rāpoi ngota i roto i tetahi taonga matatini e rave rahi hanganga e kua aua kiia te katote pokapū, ligands (ligands) me te ao ruruku waho. E ko matou whakarōpū mārama me te nomenclature o pūhui matatini, whakamārama tatou enei ariā i roto i te taipitopito atu. Ko te kupu, A. Werner i kï kua i roto i te aroaro o te katote muingota (te tikanga pai i ako), e noho i te tūranga pokapū. ka mohiotia e ia kia rite ki te kaihoko complexing, te katote pokapū ngota ranei. kia kia tū te reira tata rāpoi ngota rite kūpapa, ka karanga ligands, a tōraro whakatupato tīhiko korakora e hanga te ao ruruku roto o te rauemi. toe matūriki katoa e kore i tomo ki roto i te reira, i whai ahua ai te anga waho o te rāpoi ngota.

Ko te kupu, i roto i te tātai cuprite konutai Na ₂ [Cu (OH) _4], he ngota parahi pokapū i roto i te piti hāora kāwanatanga +2 me wha gidroksogrupp riro te ao i roto, i Kei katote konutai e i etahi tawhiti i te ngota pokapū i roto i te ao waho.

Methods mō te whakatau i te tātai rahi me ingoa o matū

Na tawhiti, te ariā o A. Werner ko te pūtake matua ariā i runga i nei Akoranga complexes matatini. Nomenclature, arā, te ingoa o enei matū e whakaritea e nga ture whāngai e te Society International o Mā te me Applied Chemistry.

hoatu matou e rave rahi mau hi'oraa o tātai o matū, e kei te ngota konukawata complexing - K ₂ [PtCl _6] ranei rāpoi NH ₃ - [Ag (NH _{3) 2]} Cl. Ka rite ki tahuri reira i roto i, e taea te ahu te tātai mā te whakamahi i te mahi e whai ake nei: tauhohe whakawhiti rua, te kawe ia niho kauoro o rongoā X-ray tikanga ttara. A feruri i teie tikanga i roto i te taipitopito.

Ka rite ki whakaaturia te hanganga o pūhui konukawata matatini

Kei te āhuatanga e te aroaro i roto i te rāpoi ngota o te ngota konukawata pokapū matū o tenei rōpū. A, no te te pūhui PtCl ₄ × 6NH ₃ mahi otinga o pākawa hiriwa, ka katoa te reira māota i roto i te rauemi e pā ana ki te ngota whakarewa me AgCl i hanga tawerewere ma. Tenei te tikanga e katoa o te ngota tīhiko he māota i roto i te ao ruruku waho, te mea i hono nga rāpoi haukini ki te ngota konukawata pokapū, me te tahi ki reira i hanga te ao i roto.

Te auraa ra, tuhia he pūhui te ruruku o tātai i roto i tenei puka: [Pt (NH _{3) 6]} Cl ₄ ka huaina pūhaumāota konukawata hexammine. Mā te whakamahi i te tikanga ttara X-ray, tūhura nga Whārangi ka ka tahi atu pūhui matatini e nomenclature kia tāuta i roto i te wāhanga o muri.

Ko te pūhui tioata o chromium

Kua te hanganga o tenei rōpū o ngā matū kua tāutuhia e te tukanga tinana o te X-ray ttara o te whakakaupapa tātari ttara X-ray. E haere ana i te wini whakakahokaho karaihe, te poipoi hiko marara e te mahi o ngā irahiko o te taonga whakamātautau. hanga tenei taea reira rawa tika ki te whakatau i te hunga rōpū o ngota i ngā pae ripekapeka. I hanga e hāngai nomenclature o pūhui matatini ki tioata chromium-kei roto. Tauira o ngā ingoa hydrates isomeric o tai trivalent chromium, unu i roto i te tikanga ttara X-ray, e whai ake nei: tetraakvadihlorohroma pūhaumāota (III), pentaakvahlorohroma pūhaumāota (III).

I kitea te reira i e i roto i enei rauemi chromium ngota herea ki ligands rerekē e ono. Pehea e taea te whakatau i te auau me te pānga i tetahi take i te tau ruruku?

Ka rite ki hono te ngota pokapū te ki ligands

Hei whakahoki i te pātai i whakaara i runga, haamana'o tatou e i roto i te wahi tonu o te kaihoko complexing e rave rahi hanganga, ka karanga ligands, ligands ranei. Ratou tau katoa, a ka whakatau i te tau ruruku. E ai ki te ariā o te A. Werner, fariiraa, whakarōpū me te nomenclature o pūhui matatini e tika ti'aturi i runga i tenei tohu. Kei te correlatively e pā ana te reira ki piti hāora o te ngota pokapū. I roto i te pūhui o konukawata, chromium, tau rino ruruku o te rite te nuinga ki te ono; ki te māngai te kaihoko complexing e ngota o parahi konutea ranei - wha, ki te he hiriwa parahi ranei te ngota pokapū - rua.

Ngā momo o pūhui matatini

I roto i te matū, whakanuia rite nga akomanga matua me rarangi o nga matū tauwhirowhiro i waenganui ia ratou. Kōrero i roto i te pūhui whakarāpopototanga matatini o mua e tohu nomenclature te aroaro i roto i to ratou hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota wai he aquacomplexes. Na roto i te ammine ngā matū haukini kei roto matūriki kūpapa, pērā i triiodo triamminrody. hanganga rāpoi i rawe ki o te piha haapiiraa o pūhui chelating. mai to ratou ingoa i te chelicera wā koiora - na ka karanga maikuku decapod. Kei roto ēnei matū ligand, he whirihoranga mokowā e ngā te kaihoko complexing, rite matikuku. Taua pūhui ngā matatini oxalate ferric, matatini konukawata etilendiamminovy ki kāwanatanga piti hāora +4, tai waikawa aminoacetic, e roto i katote o rhodium, konukawata parahi ranei.

Ture mō te whakahiato i te ingoa o pūhui matatini

Ko te pātai whakamātautau tino noa i roto i te imiraa i te matū i roto i te akoranga o te kura nui, ko: karanga te pūhui matatini o te IUPAC-nomenclature. I roto i te tauira motuhake, tātari tatou hātepe whakahiato taonga taitara he te tātai e whai ake nei: (NH _{4) 2} [Pt (OH) ₂ Cl _4].

1. haamata Ingoa ki te whakatau i te hanganga o te ao ruruku roto. Kei te reira i ngā rōpū hydroxyl me nga ngota tīhiko o māota. Enei taitara tāpiri te -o mutu. whiwhi tatou digidrokso-, tetrahloro-.
2. Na kitea tatou te kaihoko complexing te whakamahi i tona momotuhi ingoa Latin, ka tapiritia ki etahi atu te re pīmuri i roto i te 'ka tohu tona tohu o hāora: platinate (IV).
3. Mutu ki te tohu ao i roto, neke ki te waho. karanga matou i te reira te māraa: i roto i tenei tauira he katote haukinia.

Ka rite ki te hua, ka whai i te taonga he taitara i ai katoa o te hanganga whakarārangi i runga ake.

Ko te whakamahi o pūhui matatini

I te timatanga o tenei tuhinga huaina tatou te māngai tino nui o matū organometallic pērā i pūtoto, chlorophyll, huaora. tākaro rātou i te tūranga matua i roto i te pākia e. whakamahia whānuitia pūhui matatini i roto i te huringa hangarau o rewa konganuku ferrous me kore-ferrous. takaro He tūranga nui i roto i carbonyls metallurgy - pūhui matatini motuhake e nomenclature tohu te aroaro i roto i to ratou rāpoi ngota o te CO te waro haukura rite te ligand. E decomposed ēnei pūhui i raro i whakawera me heke konganuku pērā i nika, rino, konukurahina i ratou tokahuke. Kei te whakamahia hoki te nuinga o complexes rite kaiwhakakökï i roto i te tauhohe whakaputa varnishes, peita, me te kirihou.