Rangatira Polish hōia, me te kaitōrangapū Sikorskiy Vladislav: haurongo, whakatutukitanga me meka ngā

ka Pou Władysław Sikorski whakawhetai rongonui ki te whai wāhitanga i roto i te pakanga mō te mana motuhake motu i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. whakahaere ia ki ngā mahi hōia, me te mahi tōrangapū ngingila. I muri i te mahi o Poland i te Tuatoru Reich Sikorski ka te heamana o te whakahekenga atu kāwanatanga-i roto i-. mate ia i roto i te tūtukitanga, me ona huru hei te whenua tupuranga mo te plurality o te whakatakotoria ariā.

tau wawe

whanau te kaitōrangapū Polish heke mai, me te rangatira hōia Sikorskiy Vladislav i Mei 20, 1881 i roto i te gmina tuszów narodowy - he kainga iti i roto i Galicia. Na, no te rohe ki te Austro-Hungarian Empire, engari ko te nuinga Slavic tona taupori. puta te tamaiti i te kura nui i roto i Lviv (Lemberg) ka whakauru i roto i te rohe Kuratini Institute. I taua wa, wehea Poland i waenganui o Russia me te Habsburg Empire. Ehara i te mea maere e riro Sikorskiy Vladislav he wāhi kaha i roto i te kaupapa motu. I roto i Lviv, whai wāhi ia i roto i te hanga o te rōpū whakaoranga Polish.

I roto i te 1908, piri te tangata taitama te pakanga kaha ki te Union. Te whakahaere paramilitary Polish "Sagittarius", i pōtitia ia hei tiamana. Ahakoa kua tupu whakaaro anti-Austria i Galicia, Europe heipü tata te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. I roto i te 1914, koperea te kaiwhakatuma Serbian te kainga Franz Ferdinand. Tenei hui ko te take mo te whawhai kua mau pu e katoa te Ao Tahito. Austria-Hungary me Russia kitea ratou i runga i taha rerekē o te parepare. Nga amo, i wehea i waenganui i te mana e rua nei whenua i teuteu mo te whawhai mo tona motuhake. Sikorskiy Vladislav ko tetahi o nga kau taki tino kaha o te kaupapa whakaoranga.

Ko te pakanga mo te mana motuhake

I muri i te ino tutuki o te ope Russian i roto i Te Tai Rāwhiti Prussia, noho te Central Powers nga kawanatanga te uru i no ki Russia. I roto i enei whenua ko te rangatiratanga o Poland - mana motuhake Polish i roto i te kingitanga.

I roto i te 1916, ka Sikorskiy Vladislav te tautoko o Germany me Austria-Hungary, ka anga ki te whakakorikori mo te hanganga o te iwi-āhua ki te tautoko o te Central Powers. Kua arahina tenei huru ki te meka i haere mai te rangatira ki pakanga ki te rangatira motu Yuzefom Pilsudskim, ko wai i whakapono kia karo Poland Tuhinga o ona hoa tata.

I roto i te haumi ki Germany

Otiia, i te tau 1916 i tino whakatinanahia te kaupapa o Sikorski. Whiringa 5 I hainatia te mahi, kia rite ki nei mohio Germany me Austria-Hungary te rangatiratanga hou o Poland. Tenei āhua ko te amiorangi o ona hoa tata kaha.

kihai i nga Tiamana tiaki e pā ana ki motuhake Polish, ratou anake hiahia ki te haina i te tautoko o te amo ki Russia. Otiia noho ia Władysław Sikorski te tautoko o Germany ko Austria, tumanako hoki ratou tautoko mo te whakatū o te āhua motuhake. I roto i te 1916-1918 gg. whai wāhi rangatira i roto i taua whakauru amo ki te ope o te Central Powers.

Ko te ope Polish hou

Whiringa 11, 1918 i roto i Warsaw, Pauhua te nuu faehau Polish te hoia Tiamana. Germany i tika ngaro te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, ka timata i reira te revolution. I roto i taua mau huru, i roto i Poland Tuhinga Tiamana e kore i taea e ora i raro i tetahi mau huru. He torutoru nga ra i muri i te wāhanga i runga i roto i Warsaw haere mai Jozef Pilsudski, nei riro upoko o te kāwanatanga. Hoki i roto i te Noema, whakaritea Władysław Sikorski i rangatira o ngā kaimahi o te ope i Galicia.

Ahakoa mutu te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, i ano Poland ki te whakatutuki i te tīmatanga o te rangimarie i roto i tona rohe. Threat ki te whenua, ko te Soviet Russia. Nga mua, te whakaū i tona kaha i runga i nga wahi kua ururuatia o te kingitanga tiango, whakaaro Poland rite ratou tika. Ko te pakanga i waenganui i te noho tata anga i Hānuere 1919. i titiro Lenin te pakanga rite te wāhanga tuatahi o te revolution proletarian ao. Āta, i muri i mate karapīpiti rōpū ma i runga i akina rerekē, te Army Whero hāngai i roto i te ahunga uru tona kaha katoa.

ki nga mua

Mai te timatanga o te whawhai ki a Soviet Russia haere te rangatira hōia Polish me kaitōrangapū Sikorskiy Vladislav kaha hōia Polesskii, te wahi ka ia rangatira. I ia ki te whakarite i tētahi ope i te wahanga. hōia Polish kihai i whai i te pokapū te mana kotahi, me te mārama hanganga. Reforge volunteer corps i roto i te mana ope noa tonu kihai i whai wa. I roto i te pakanga, i Poland ki te tīmata mo'oni ki o ratou ringa whanau.

Na ano, i muri ka reira mārama e ko he tino riri nga mua, te ope i hohoro te whakarite me te kaimahi. Kua hanga He takoha nui ki tenei angitu Władysław Sikorski. Ko te haurongo o tenei tangata - he tauira oraora o te haurongo o te rangatira hōia, ki te tamata i tona ringa i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā aravihi i roto i te tari matua, me te mara mahi. Ehara i te mea maere e i roto i te kaiārahi āhua hou whakaaro reira e tika ana ki te tuku ia ia ki te whakahaere i te maha ngā mahi.

mahi Kiev

I whakaritea Sikorski ki te Rōpū "Polesie" taua i roto i August 1919. Hoki etahi wa i tonu tona taha i roto i te takiwā o Minsk. Na ka ka tangohia e ia Mozyr. tamata Army Whero i te iti rawa e wha nga wa ki te tangohia te pa, engari ki te kahore he pai. I roto i te April 1920, ka mau te rangatira hōia wahi i roto i te ino o te mahi Kiev ki te hopu i te whakapaipai Ukrainian nohoia e te mua. kawea te patua i roto i roto i te rohe rohe i Olevsk ki Mozyr. I roto i tenei mahi, tautoko nga amo te ope 15000th o Simona Petlyury.

ko April 28 Woodland rōpū o ngā hōia Polish i runga i te raina Vinnitsa - Kazatin - Chernobyl. Ko te ra i muri haere ia tetahi 90 kiromita, ka ko i te waho o Kiev. I roto i tenei ara kihai i tūtaki te amo tetahi resistance. haere atu rangatira hōia Soviet Sergei Mezheninov ana hōia, mo te wehi o te aroraa tika ki te hoariri e riro te patu.

Sikorski (Sikorski) Vladislav, me ana hoa haere ki Kiev, Mei 8, 1920. Heoi, i poto tenei angitu. Kua i runga i Mei 14, te Army Whero i raro i te whakahau o "rewera o te Pakanga Civil" timata Mihaila Tuhachevskogo he counteroffensive, no te mea o nei i nga amo ki te hoki whakamuri hohoro. i pakaru Pipiri 5 mua. 12 o te Army Whero tomo Kiev. August 6 Rōpū "Polesie" i whakamararatia. ka mau whakahau o te 5 o Army Sikorski.

mahi Warsaw

takoha Tukhachevsky counter-whakaeke nga amo ki te hoki whakamuri. Army o te ope haere te pa hou. I roto i tenei awa i whakahau nga wahi tika Sikorski Vladislav. Commander, Heoi, kihai i utu ringa, a ka teuteu mo te riri whakatakotoria ki te mua.

I te momeniti mahu'inga, ka rere te toto kua i roto i te takiwā o Warsaw, te toitoti tona 5 Army te hoariri ki te raki o te whakapaipai. Kei te rawa totoro ka riro whakaraerae ki te patu i Poland kaha Tukhachevsky. ka mau te ope a Sikorski painga o tenei, ka whawhati i nga rarangi o nga mua, he oho e rave rahi kiromita. taka te po whakatakotoria i runga i August 15 ki te āwhina i haere mai ia ki te wehenga i raro i te whakahau o Lyutsiana Zheligovskogo.

Kua tukua tenei angitu i roto i-Tumuaki Yuzefu Pilsudskomu ki te faaineine pai i roto i te ū mai counter-whakaeke, i ko ki whakakahoretia Poland o te "whiu whero". takoha a Sikorski ki te faaora o Poland i nui. I whakawhiwhia e ia te tikanga tino ingoa nui motu hōia - "hoki marohirohi hōia". I roto i te April 1921, i muri ia e Pilsudski i-tino o te ope, me te matenga o te General kaimahi.

tau rangimarie

Ki te tīmatanga o te Ao Sikorski tomo ia tōrangapū. I roto i te Hakihea 1922 - Haratua 1923. ko ia pirimia me i te wa ano i mahi rite Minita o Internal Affairs. Te kāwanatanga arahina e Sikorski i taea ki te whiwhi i te aronga Western o rohe whakapumautia i muri i toa i te whawhai ki te USSR. i apitiria ki Poland rohe Ukrainian me Belarusian te uru.

Mai 1928, ko Sikorsky noho i roto i te whakahekenga atu i roto i France. Ko te wehenga atu e tika ana ki te meka i te kaupapa here, ko tetahi o nga fakaangá tino waiata o te reira kāwanatanga. kihai i tika tau pau i roto i te hōia French - tomo ia te Higher Military kura. Ohiti takamua kore tinihangatia Sikorski. Te rangimarie i roto i Europe i poto-ora.

Pakanga II o te Ao

A, no te Germany o Hitler i 1939, ka haere mai Poland, e noho i roto i te whakarau tamata Władysław Sikorski ki te tiki i te kaiārahi o te whenua o te ūnga i runga i te mua. ka haere mai enei tautooraa ki tetahi mea. I te wa ano i roto i France timata te hanganga o te ope Polish i roto i te whakarau. Tenei tukanga i roto i Paris, a ka matenga o Sikorskiy Vladislav. i Pou katoa taea ia tae noa i hohoro tata tona whenua hinga.

I roto i te marama i muri i timata te pakanga Sikorski ka pirimia i roto i te whakahekenga atu kāwanatanga-i roto i-. I raro i tona kaiārahi, i hanga ope Polish 84000th i France. A, no te haere mai te Tuatoru Republic i raro i whakaeke nga Tiamana, tamata hōia Sikorsky ki te aukati i te wahine taikaha. I muri i te hinga o France, me te kāwanatanga Polish, me nga toenga o tona hoia rere ki Ingarangi.

A, no te patua Germany te USSR, haere Sikorski ki te hë o takawaenga whanaunga ki te Soviet Union. ko māori o whanaunga poto-ora. I maoro nga Tiamana, e noho wahi o te rohe Soviet, tukua ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te kohuru Katyn. arahina te rongo o te tutu nanakia o te NKVD rangatira o nga herehere Polish o te whawhai ki tetahi atu i matao. tamata Sikorski ki whakapati Churchill ki te mutu te mahi ki te USSR. Tau hepetoma i muri, Hōngongoi 4, 1943, te Pirimia i roto i te whakarau, tahi ki tana tamahine i patua i roto i te ati manureva e tata ana Gibraltar. ko te mate Inamata te rauoro whakamutunga i roto i te kaupapa here te ora. Just rite te huri me te ki tonu o hohoko koi i te toenga katoa o tona ora. meinga tonu Vladislav Sikorsky me tona matenga te rota o te tautohe. i tanumia Polak i Ingarangi i roto i te aroaro o Churchill. Ko te pungarehu o te hero motu i whakawhitia ki tona whenua i roto i te 1993.