Rawa Pūmau: te hanganga, rawa te mahi me tatauranga

Pūmau whakahaere rawa e te hunga tikanga o te hanga, e kua whakamahia hoki te maha huringa i te pupuri tona āhua. Noatia, ka āta ratou kakahu i roto i, neke ratou utu i roto i te wahi i runga i te hua hou hanga.

rawa Uka ngā:

• hanganga;
• whenua;
• mīhini, whare ahumahi;
• mea;
• taputapu;
• taputapu.

ngā ratou te whakapaipai tinana o te whakahaere, engari taua e kua te ora ratonga kua neke atu i te tau, me te utu - neke atu i te kotahi rau nga wa te utu iti. tātaitia te rōrahi e anake i roto i ngā moni. Nō reira, e taea te āhuatanga rawa pūmau rite nga moni i i haumi i roto i te puka sino.

Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou i roto i te taipitopito atu ratou whakaaro, ngā āhuatanga o te mahi me te tatauranga taketake.

Hanganga o hua pūmau

Ka whakaritea te reira i te pau o te whakaputa me te whāinga rautaki o te whakahaere; kanohi te reira i roto i te ōrau i runga i te rahi o ngā rōpū rerekē rānei. Hei tauira, i roto i te hinonga engineering taimaha rahi kia noho mīhini me te taputapu (50%) me te whare (40%).

Ka taea te wehea rawa pūmau ki ngā rōpū nui e rua.

Tuatahi, ko te hanga, e āta whai wāhi ana i roto i te hanga o taonga (tāhuahua o ratonga ranei) me e, i roto i tahuri, e taea hoki te whakarōpūtia i runga i te maha o te papa whenua.

E wehea hua pūmau pērā ki te subgroups e whai ake nei:

• whare ahumahi whakaaro (toa whare, warehouses, taiwhanga, me te pera i runga i);
• ahanoa engineering (overpasses, huna, rori, wehe putorino, me ētahi atu);
• pūrere whakawhitihia (hiko, whatunga hau, he pūnaha whakawera, tuku, me te pera i runga i);
• mīhini, me te taputapu (te mana, mahi, mana, ruri, rorohiko, me ētahi atu);
• waka (waka, locomotives, huira, cars, taraka, waka, me te pera i runga i);
• taputapu (hama, cutter, te taatiraa, te pēhi, whakapuru, whakapuru, me ētahi atu);
• whakaurunga whakangao me ngā taputapu (taumanu, tepu, ngā, nohoanga, whata, pā, a pera i runga i);
• taputapu whare (cabinets, tepu, pouaka, waea, Tāritehia mīhini, mīsini taipé, me ētahi atu).

Whakaröpütia ai ngä hua pūmau Industrial rite te hohe (taputapu, mīhini, waka, taputapu) me hāngū (atu iti-rōpū katoa), e kua tikanga ki te hanga tikanga mo te mahi noa o te hinonga.

Tuarua, ko te kore-hua whakaritea rawa. e kore e ratou whai wāhi i roto i te hanga i te hua, ka whakarato i te ara o te ora me te oranga o te iwi. whare reira, karapu, kindergarten, pokapū hauora, taiwhanga hākinakina, tiaki hauora, me te pera i runga i.

Tatauranga o ngā rawa pūmau. hanga tahua te rua i roto i te rōrahi me te uara ngā.

I roto i te take tuatahi, ko te mea e tika ana ki:

• ki te whakatau i te kaimahi hangarau me te taputapu toenga;
• tātai i te kaha production o te whakahaere, me ona tari production me wehenga;
• whakatau i te whānuitanga o te kākahu me te roimata, te whakamahi me te wā o ngā whakahōunga.

tuhinga Pūtake, e he tika mo te mana o ngā rawa pūmau i roto i te ahua, he uruwhenua mahi, taputapu, me te pakihi. kia roto i te rua tuatahi whakamārama taipitopito hangarau o: te wā o te whakaaetanga, te tohu o te ino, te mana, me te pera i runga i. uruwhenua o te hinonga whakarato tona kōtaha, āhuatanga, hanganga o ngā taputapu, te tohu ōhanga.

He tika te aromatawai moni i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau i to ratou nui katoa, hanganga me te hanganga, dynamics, te nui o te hekenga uara, te aromātai o te whaihuanga ōhanga o ratou te whakamahi.