Ruingahae o te tipu: whakaahuatanga, ngā āhuatanga, ngā wāhanga, me ngā momo

Ka rite ki te mahi whakamutunga mahi angamaheni hanganga puawai o hua me purapura. Me whiwhi tēnei e rua tukanga. . Ko te tuatahi ko te haenga o te puawai. I muri ia ia i reira he kikiritanga tika - i reira he hua me purapura. . A feruri i atu, he aha e nga momo o te ruingahae.

Overview

, на котором осуществляется перенос мелких зерен с тычинок на рыльце. tipu te ruingahae - te taahiraa o te fariiraa i te whakawhitinga o te purapura pai ki rakers i runga i te taupae. he whanaunga tata te reira ki tetahi atu wāhanga o te whanaketanga hua - te hanganga o nga whekau whakaputa uri. E Scientists e rua ngā momo o te ruingahae kua kitea: allogamy me autogamy. I roto i tenei take, ka taea te tuatahi te mahi e rua ara: geytonogamiey me xenogamy.

āhuatanga o

путем переноса зерен с тычинок на рыльце одного органа размножения. Autogamy - tipu pollinated e te whakawhiti i te purapura ki te tauhae o te mana pūtawa uri. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kotahi te pūnaha takitahi mahi he tukanga e tika ana. Allogamy - witi whakawhiti ripeka i tetahi rakers okana i runga i te taupae o tetahi. Geytonogamiya tā ruingahae i waenganui i puawai o te taua, me te xenogamy - takitahi rerekē. Ko te tuatahi ira rite ki te autogamy. I roto i tenei take, i reira he anake te tauhono o tohuhema i roto i te takitahi taua. Ka rite ki te tikanga, he angamaheni o maha-pollinated inflorescences tenei.

Ko te pai tino mo tona pānga iranga whakaaro te xenogamy. способствует увеличению возможностей перекомбинации генетических данных. Taua ruingahae o ngā tipu whaipua whai wāhi ki te tauhono o kaha raraunga ira. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, whakarei ake te kanorau intraspecific, aru i te whanaketanga urutau. Na, autogamy he uara nui ki te ū ngā pūāhua motuhake.

tikanga

Tei tikanga ruingahae i runga i āpiha whakawhiti witi me ngā tauira puawai. kia kawea ai Allogamy autogamy me i te taha o te taua āhuatanga. Ratou, i roto i ngā, ko te hau, kararehe, iwi, te wai. Ko te momo rahi o ara rerekē ki allogamy. Tohatoha whai ratou rōpū:

1. осуществляется с помощью живых организмов. kawea ruingahae te roto ki te awhina o kaiao ora - koiora. tāutuhia tēnei rōpū he maha o subgroups. hanga ana te whakarōpū i runga i te kawe rānei. (энтомофилия), птицами (орнитофилия), летучими мышами (хироптерофилия). Hei tauira, whakatinana ruinga hae i pepeke (entomophily), manu (ornithophily), pekapeka (hiropterofiliya). He atu huarahi -. Ki te awhina o mollusks, whāngote, me ētahi atu Heoi, kua whakakitea e ratou i roto i te natura e onge.
2. связано с влиянием небиологических факторов. Abiotic - ruingahae tika ki te mana o ngā āhuatanga abiotic. I roto i tenei rōpū, te witi taiea whakawhiti i te hau (anemofiliyu), te wai (hydrophilic).

, считаются адаптациями к конкретным окружающим условиям. Fashion i roto i nei te haenga o te tipu whakaaro e urutaunga ki ngā āhuatanga taiao motuhake. I roto i ngā ira, he iti nui atu i te momo ratou.

Plant urutaunga ki ruinga hae

A feruri i te rōpū tuatahi o ngā tikanga. I roto i te natura, rite ki te tikanga, tutaki reira entomophily. rere kukuwhatanga o ngā tipu me pere hae whakarara. takitahi Entomophilous ngāwari tu i roto i roto i ētahi atu. I roto i ngā tipu me te tahumaero i urutaunga tahi. I roto i ētahi wā e na whaiti e kore e taea e ki te tīariari i waho te kaihoko (hurihia tumuaki tuarua ranei) te tikanga ratou. E ngā pepeke:

1. Tae.
2. Food.
3. Kakara.

I tua atu, te whakamahi i te tahi mau ngārara puawai rite te rerenga. Hei tauira, kei te piri ratou ki reira i te po. Te pāmahana i roto i te puawai ki runga ake i taua o te taiao o waho, i te torutoru nekehanga. He pepeke e whakaputa uri ratou i roto i te ahurea. Hei tauira, patia puawai Chalcid whakamahia hoki tenei.

ornithophily

Ruingahae e manu puta te nuinga i roto i rohe pārūrū. I roto i te wā onge ornithophily puta te reira i roto i te subtropics. Signs o puawai e kukume manu ngā:

1. Kāore he kakara. I roto i te manu, kaua tikanga ngoikore o te kakara.
2. Corolla kua he te tikanga karaka whero ranei. I roto i te wā onge, i reira te mea he tae puru puru ranei. Kei te mea te reira e te ngāwari whakanuia te manu i te tae.
3. He maha nui o waihonga iti-hāngai.

Birds maha e kore e noho iho i te puawai, me te faahoturaa i, kare taha ia.

Hiropterofiliya

Bats pollinating rakau pai io pārūrū me rakau. I roto i te wā onge, kua whai wāhi ratou i roto i te waka o purapura i runga i te tarutaru. Bats faahoturaa i puawai i te po. Signs o ahurea e kukume enei kararehe ngā te whai ake:

1. Ko te aroaro o te tae kōwhai-matomato ma antibody ranei. Ka taea hoki e te reira i hāurakaho, i roto i ngā take onge papura.
2. Ko te aroaro o te kakara motuhake. fakamanatu ia mea ngaro, me te tuku i te kiore.
3. matomato Flowers i te po ranei i roto i te ahiahi.
4. wāhanga nui whakairi i manga i runga i horahorangia e roa (baobab) whakawhanake rānei tika i runga i nga kahiwi o nga rakau (koukou).

Anemofiliya

Ruingahae e pā ana ki 20% o nga otaota Unuhia āhua kawea e te hau. I roto i te tuwhera ngā wāhi (steppes, koraha, ngā wāhi neke), ko te nui teitei tenei ahua. ahurea Anemophilous i te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. puawai inconspicuous iti e te hunga kowhai puwhero ranei, maha kahore perianth. Ki te he reira reira, ko te reira i roto i te puka o kiriata me unahi.
2. Ko te aroaro o inflorescences multiflorous. he taua "hainga" taea te māngai tuaka povisloj - whakakai.
3. Ko te aroaro i runga i te hematoa ketehae kakawaea kikokore.
4. stigmas Engari nui, me te maha feathery kohuki tua atu te puawai.
5. ahurea kotahi dioecious ranei.
6. He nui nui o te hae. Ko reira maroke, pai, maheni. kia whai i te purapura whakaaro atu (peke rangi, hei tauira).

maha hanga ahurea Anemophilous kūtai ki nui. Tenei nui faarahi te tūponotanga o te ruingahae. Ka rite ki tauira mahi birchwoods, oki, pururu bamboo.

hydrophilic

Kei te uaua kitea tēnei ruingahae i roto i te natura. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i kore te wai ko te nohonga noa mō ngā otaota tenei. I roto i te maha ngā tipu kei runga ake i te mata i te puawai, me e pollinated te nuinga e ngārara e te hau ranei. Tohu kai hydrophilic ngā:

1. He iti nga puawai , me te inconspicuous. whakawhanake ratou putawa, huihui ranei i roto i "tautau" iti.
2. Ka rite ki te tikanga, puawai takatāpui. Ka rite ki tauira mahi vallisneria, Elodea.
3. Ko te pito o te taiepa kikokore. hapa ratou endothecium. maha i te puka filamentary pito. I roto i te tahi mau ahurea, entwine ratou taupae. whai wāhi ana tēnei ki te kătahi tere, me te germination o hae.
4. Ko te pīni he kahore exine. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i he hae i roto i te wai, me te kore e hiahia te reira tiaki i maroke atu tenei.

autogamy

I reira 75% o te otaota he puawai taera rua. Tenei whakarato purapura whakawhiti motuhake kahore tautoko o waho. Ko maha tupurangi Autogamy. Ko te take tino i raro i ngā āhuatanga kino mo te kawe tenei.

hāngai Autogamy te i runga i te parau tumu o "pai whaiaro ruinga-, i te kahore i te katoa." Kei te mohiotia tenei momo o te whakawhiti, maha hua witi. Ratou te tikanga whakawhanake i roto i te āhuatanga kino i roto i ngā wāhi i reira kaha matao (Tundra, maunga) te tino wera (koraha) ranei, me i reira ko kahore kawe.

I roto i te natura, takiwa, tutaki me te autogamy auau. He tamau reira me mea faufaa no te kai. Hei tauira, ngā tipu whaiaro-pollinating pērā i pī, pīnati, witi, harakeke, miro me etahi atu.

momoroto

Ka taea e Autogamy kia:

1. Whakapā. A, no te neke kakawaea pito tika ana stigmas. Tenei āhuatanga autogamy o ungulates, starflower.
2. Gravity. I roto i tenei take, tae te hae te tauhae i pito, e kua kei runga ake. A, no te autogamy tō kupu, mahi mahara. He huru o Heather, ahurea pyroloideae tenei.
3. Cleistogamous. I roto i tenei take kawea atu i roto i te puku ruinga hae puawai kati ranei. whakaaro Cleistogamy he autogamy tohu tino. i taea e te reira e tika ana ki ngā āhuatanga kino (haumākū nui tauraki ranei). Ka taea e Cleistogamy e he auau, ira whakaritea. Hei tauira, he violets maere i roto i te puawai wa puna tuatahi puta noa, engari e kore e ruinga hae puta i roto i a ratou, aua, e kore e puta hua me purapura. I muri i reira cleistogamous whekau whakaputa uri. e kore e ratou whakakitea me aroaro i roto i te puka o te puku. puta tika Germination o te hae i roto i pito. Ko te ngongo e tika ana i te taiepa, me te tae te pupuha. Ko te hua ko te capsule ki purapura.

kitea Cleistogamy i roto i ngā ahurea o rerekē rōpū taxonomic (i roto i te tahi mau pata, mo te tauira).