Tamariki pūmanawa Russia. Mahi ki ngā tamariki pūmanawa. tamariki pūmanawa i roto i te kindergarten. Ko te tamaiti talēniti'ia ...

I roto i te pūnaha hou o te mātauranga noho te huarahi ākonga-fakatefito wahi motuhake ki te tamaiti. e kore he nui noa ki te haere i te paerewa o te matauranga ki te whakatupuranga o muri teie mahana. He mea nui ki te poipoi i te tuakiri tahi o te tamaiti. Kei te hiahiatia te reira ki te titiro āta mo te whakatinanatanga o te taua hiahia mahi me whai wāhitanga, ngā kaha o ia tamaiti. I roto i te hononga ki te whanaketanga o taua ngā i roto i te hapori ao, i reira i nui haere whakarongo ki kaimātai hinengaro, ngā kaiako ki te take o te tamariki pūmanawa. Ki te ara tika i te tau i ma'iri a'e nei, te tikanga o tenei ariā e he te tangata tetahi aravihi supernormal, engari i tenei ra kua kī reira te kore.

I roto i tenei tuhinga ka kitea e tatou i roto i pehea ki te faaite mai ngā āheinga o ngā tamariki pūmanawa, nga tikanga o te tātaritanga he taea ki te tautuhi ratou me he aha e nga āhuatanga o te mahi kaupapa ki enei tamariki.

Ko te hītori o takanga o te ariā o "hi'oraa"

Ahakoa te meka e tenei ra te tamaiti talēniti'ia - he tangata rongonui, me te fafau, tae noa tata te tāutu me te whanaketanga o ngā āheinga i roto i te tamariki i kore mahi i roto i tetahi kaimātai hinengaro aivanaa ranei.

Ko te hītori o takanga o te ariā "taranata" o (characterizing te pakeke) rā hoki e rave rahi mau tenetere. Ko te kupu, i roto i nga wa onamata, iwi āhuatanga e te tahi mau aravihi me ngā pūkenga rereke, riro he taumata tiketike o te kaha hinengaro, tu atu i te mano: o ratou kau taki pōtitia o te iwi, ka ratou shamans tohunga ranei.

Ngā pērā i "poto" me "taranata", ahu i roto i te wa o te ao tawhito. Kei te mohiotia te reira e tenei wā rongonui o te tokomaha nui o te iwi auaha tino me te whakaaro. Exploring nga mahi o ngā kaituhi o tenei wā, ka taea e koe te tīpako i te whakaaro matua e poto me te taranata - e kore he mea, engari he mea homai i te atua. No reira te wā 'poto', e whakamāoritanga i Latin rite "wairua." whakapono philosopho tahito i tonoa te iwi ki ngā āheinga rerekē i roto i tetahi mara i te atua i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapai ake i te ao ngā. whakaahuatia ana tēnei whakaaro i roto i te tuhinga whakapae o G. Hegel, Kant me etahi atu.

Ko wai te mea tenei "poto" i roto i te māramatanga o te whakaaro onamata? Ko reira pai te ahua pūrākau, i te titiro ki te iwi o taua wa e pirau Tīeke-atua i roto i te puka tangata. Tuatahi, me te tuatahi pēnei ki te poto o kaitito me kaitoi, a muri anake ki te riro te tangata pūmanawa ki te hopohopo kairangahau rongonui me tau tūmatanui.

Anake i roto i te waenganui o te XIX rau kaipūtaiao F. Galton i hoatu mua e te "fenua nei" takenga taranata tangata o (whanaunga o te Charles Darwin) ariā. I roto i tona pukapuka "taranata tuku: ona ture me mau hopearaa," ta te kairangahau e riro taranata te. i experimentally tätaritia ngä kitenga pūtaiao te hītori whakapapa o 300 hapu.

Otiia i te wa taua i reira e te tahi atu whakaaro i runga i te takenga mai o te taranata. Tüturu, kua fokotu'u kairangahau e te tamaiti pūmanawa - e kore te mea he mea homai noa o te natura ope hanahana ranei. Ko te kaituhi o te whakaaro o "ūkui" ( "papa iwi") tautohe e whanau tamariki e waho nga aravihi riro, tetahi predisposition ki mahi hinengaro rerekē. Na pā te hanganga o maramarama te taiao pāpori, me te whakatipu. Taua whakaaro i te wahi i roto i te hapori hou. A te whai ratou etahi pono - pono, te taiao kua he mana nui i runga i te whanaketanga o ngā kaha o ngā tamariki, engari tutakina nga hehema tūturu o te tangata, e kore predisposition ira e.

hi'oraa hinengaro

Ki te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao rata, me te hinengaro tino nui haere te kaha o te tātari me te ako o nga āhuatanga e tautuhi te ariā o te hi'oraa. I roto i tenei wā, te paearu tino nui mō te aromātai i te aravihi ka te taumata pera-ka karanga o te maramarama (IQ). Pērā aivanaa rite A. Binet, Stern, G. Müller, G. Vyzenk, D. Hebb, hangaia whakamātautau motuhake i ki te whakatau i te āhuatanga i tohua. Ko kua tenei huarahi kua raro ki te fakaanga.

Kua tohe Hoariri o tenei ariā e kia tukuna ai ara te iwi ki te taumata iti o te whanaketanga hinengaro. He wā ka e whanau tamariki ki mate ira riro aravihi faahiahia i roto i ngā wāhi pērā i, mo te tauira, toi, waiata, mahi toi me ngā, me ētahi atu.

Ko te ariā o oro◊a hiero i roto i Russia i te timatanga o te rau tau XX

āhuatanga tēnei wā e te hua i roto i te moni i roto i te raruraru o te tamariki pūmanawa. Kei te ngana tokomaha pūtaiao, kaimātai hinengaro me mātauranga ki te hoatu i te waihanga tino pū o te āhuatanga taua. whakawhanakehia hoki ngā tikanga o ngā āheinga tātaritanga o ngā tamariki. Ko te kupu, ko te pūnaha GI kua unu ake Rossolimo, i ngā inenga o pükenga pērā i:

• e;
• whakarongo;
• associativity;
• aauraa.

Ko te kupu, e whakaaturia experimentally e te tamaiti pūmanawa - e kore te reira i te kotahi anake e he taumata tiketike o te maramarama. Ahei o ngā tamariki kaha-i pai he 'ulungaanga rerekē, te pūmautanga o te whakarongo me te mahara, whakaaro auaha.

I roto i tenei wā, i tuatahi whakatakoto ai, me te pūtaiao kï whakaaro e whakawhanakehia taranata o te tamaiti kei runga i te pūtake o te predisposition ira congenital i te tukanga o ngā mahi pāpori, mātauranga, me te mātauranga.

whakaaro ngā K. Sototina: tohe tenei kaituhi e tukuna taea riro nga tangata kia rite ki te hua o te mahi i ia te wā. Engari, kia memeha kaha tumu ki hau angiangi ki te kore e whakawhanakehia ratou.

whai nui ki te hinengaro o te hi'oraa i NS Leites, BM Teplov, AG Pita me ētahi atu.

mōhio hoki e i te timatanga o te rau tau XIX, i roto i te tua moni ki pono mātauranga ki te raruraru o te hi'oraa, me te hono i te hiahia pāpori mo te whanaketanga, ako o tenei āhuatanga. Me hapori Modern iwi pūmanawa: whakaaro auaha, ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao, whai wāhi paetae teitei i roto i tetahi mara o te matauranga ki te whanaketanga o ia takitahi, me te whenua kia rite ki te katoa.

Ko te ariā o te hi'oraa

Ki te rā, i reira he kahore kupu motuhake pērā mea kotahi rite te "poto." kitea e ia kairangahau tona huarahi ki tenei raruraru. Heoi, ki te tātari tatou te tuhinga hinengaro, me te ako, he reira taea ki te tautuhi "taranata" rite te kounga o te konä tangata e whanake puta noa te ora, me te pā kaha o te takitahi ki te whakatutuki i ngā hua e rere ana i te paerewa. tohu hoki ngā kaimātai hinengaro i roto i taua tenei āhuatanga - te hua o te pāhekoheko o ngā raraunga tangata tumu, te hapori a tawhio noa, me huarahi whanaketanga-whaiaro hinengaro.

Te aha kaimātai hinengaro i haere mai ki te mutunga i te mea te reira i roto i te tamarikitanga kia whakarongo motuhake ki te tātaritanga me te whanaketanga o ngā kaha? Ko te take i he te reira i roto i te taiohitanga, ko te hanganga o te momo o mau huru hinengaro takitahi. Mātauranga o Gifted tamariki - he wāhanga nui o te whanaketanga o ngā kaha heke mai. Na reira, kia utua kaiako tokanga makehe ki ngā ākonga. āhuatanga tau o ngā tamariki e te nui ake mahi o ngā tukanga hinengaro o te tuakiri hanganga. he whenua momona hoki te whanaketanga o te tamaiti instincts hohonu tenei.

Ko wai i he tamaiti pūmanawa? Ko te pātai ki nei kahore he kupu whakahoki kotahi tenei. Na, ki te rā, i reira he whakaaro ritenga rite:

• tamariki pūmanawa - ko reira he varavara, kaha rerekē ki te whakawhanake i roto i te tukanga o te mātauranga;
• whanau tamariki katoa e pupū pūkenga, he atu faaiteraa o ratou aravihi whakawhirinaki i runga i nga tikanga o te hapori.

Heoi, ko te tamaiti aravihi - ko te takitahi e whakaaturia tetahi i runga te taumata huinga toharite. Me pehea kia whakaatu enei taua aravihi - i roto i te kotahi wāhi ngā o te matauranga ranei tika pehea ki te tātari ratou i te wawe tau tetahi, e ko te "paerewa", me e "eccentricity" - katoa o enei pātai tonu ki te rapu whakautu kaimātai hinengaro te ao.

Otiia, etahi te hanga, tono raraunga whiwhi i rerekē rangahau observational, korerotia nga ngā i roto i te tuhinga. Ka faaite tatou i tenei mōhiohio i raro.

tohu āhuatanga o te hi'oraa

He aha te tuakiri mau huru e tohu i te aroaro o te aravihi faahiahia tamaiti?

Ki te wehewehe i waenganui i rua ngā āhuatanga o te whanonga o te tamaiti:

1. Instrumental - me pehea te koati mahi etahi mahi.
2. Whakahihiko - whakatau huru o te tamaiti ki te mahi.

I roto i te tahuri, ka taea te tātarihia enei āhuatanga o te whanonga rite ki nga paearu e whai ake nei. Ko te kupu, te āhuatanga te taputapu e:

• nohopuku (i huaina he "kahore-tau") hinganga o tetahi mahi, tona whakatinanatanga angitu;
• tito huarahi hou o whakaoti te āhuatanga raruraru o nāianei;
• te hanganga o ngā whakaaro auaha, ngā āhuatanga (innovations).

Ano he tamaiti pūmanawa maha hangaia e tona kāhua ake o te raveraa i tetahi mahi, kua he pūkenga te hanga, te kohinga, tātaritanga, me te he momo motuhake o te akoranga. Na reira, mahi ki ngā tamariki pūmanawa i roto i te akomanga e rapu huarahi takitahi, me te whaiaro.

whakakitea āhuatanga whakahihiko i roto i te whai ake:

• reira te nui haere te tamaiti moni i roto i te tahi mau ngā mahi;
• tamaiti rerekē mahi hinengaro, hehema ki ako, te tātari ngā tītohunga;
• whakapai ake whaiaro-, te makanga o rite-hanga whakautu paerewa ki te mahi;
• nui haere selectivity (hei tauira, huru rītaha ki te kaupapa o te toi, waiata, me ētahi atu).

E mea pinepine tamariki pūmanawa kōhungahunga kaiako mauherea reira mo tohu whakahihiko - taua pēpi i te hiahia nui mō te mōhiotanga o te ao, rite mo te tamataraa, te rapu hoki rongoā auaha ki te āhuatanga raruraru.

Ko te kitenga i te whanonga o te āhuatanga tamaiti whakaahuatia, e taea anake tatou amo te aroaro o etahi aravihi me aptitudes.

momo o te hi'oraa

I runga i ngā kitenga o ngā tamariki he etahi aravihi, mutu nga kairangahau e kia kōmakatia ai hi'oraa rite ki nga paearu e whai ake nei:

• mahi i roto i nei te pai te mahi te tamaiti;
• te hanga i kaha whakaatu waho;
• tohu o te whanaketanga;
• ahopae faaiteraa i roto i te ngā mahi o te tamaiti;
• āhuatanga tau.

I runga i te paearu o 'mahi' whakarōpū hi'oraa hāngai te i runga i te rima mahi pai-mohiotia: ariā, mahi, kōrerorero, i te pae varua, me te tino toi, me te rerehua; a toru hauora hinengaro: aronganui, volitional, hinengaro. E mea pinepine tamariki pūmanawa i roto i te kari i te kaha i roto i te mara etahi o mahi: waiata, tuhi, hoahoa me etahi atu.

kia whai ngā āheinga faahiahia mārama, me te huna i te āhua o te mau faaiteraa waho o ngā tamariki pūmanawa, me te pūkenga. I roto i te take tuatahi nga hua o nga mahi o te tamaiti mārama tohu tona poto, te tātaritanga o te tauira ki te ahua moe o taranata - te mahi o kaimātai hinengaro, kaiako me ngā mātua o te tamaiti. Pinepine ki te kaha enei tamariki a haere ngaro, hua i roto i te meka e kore noa e te whakamahi i te whanautanga o te tangata pūmanawa tona pūmanawa mō te ora.

E ai ki te tohu o te whanaketanga e taranata taiea:

1. Ki-te rā, āhuatanga nei i te nga hua ataata o ngā mahi o te tamaiti pūmanawa. mahi kaiako ki ngā tamariki pūmanawa, e whakaatu ratou tala, ko reira ki te whakawhanake atu i te kaha ki te āwhina i hinga i te tutukitanga ki te hua, ki te whakahihiri ki te mahi.
2. I runga i te pūmanawa e mea ina he hinaaro tūturu me ngā āheinga, e wā noho taramore te tamaiti. I roto i te tātaritanga o tenei momo o ngā pūkenga kia te tamaiti kia whai wāhi ngā kaiako e kore anake, engari ano matua o tamariki pūmanawa, i muri whanaunga katoa i te whai wāhi ki te mau i te whanonga o te tamaiti mo te wa roa ki te tāutu i ngā tauira.

tohu Pae emit:

1. taranata whānui, āhuatanga nei i te te meka e whakaatu te tamaiti kaha rerekē i roto i ngā mahi me ngā wāhi o te mātanga. Ko reira e pā ana ki taua iwi mea atu: "iwi Talented - pūmanawa i roto i te mea katoa."
2. whakakitea taranata motuhake te anake i roto i te mara kuiti, pērā i roto i te waiata peita ranei.

Whakaröpütia peculiarities Age oro'a hiero ki te momo e whai ake nei:

• wawe;
• muri.

Na, maha e tāutuhia ngā kaiako tamariki pūmanawa i roto i te kindergarten. E huaina ēnei kuao geeks ( "tamariki faahiahia"). Just he tau i ma'iri a'e nei, ka puta te wā i roto i te hinengaro rite "te prodigy tamaiti mahara." Kei te hoatu tenei ti'araa ki ngā tamariki e te hunga precocious i roto i te ao hinengaro, hei tauira, i roto i te rua - e toru nga tau mahi ariki tau o gadgets hiko, rorohiko, taputapu whare. Ki te whanaketanga o te hangarau, me te introduction o ngā mōhiohio, me te rorohiko hangarau i roto i te tukanga o te hanganga o enei kuao whiwhi nui, ko reira taea e ka whakaaro hohoro whakaahuatia mōhiotanga me ngā pūkenga whanaketanga te täkupu.

Methods Tātaritanga mau oro'a hiero

Ahakoa te meka e kua whakawhanakehia kaimātai hinengaro pātai rerekē me ngā whakamātautau, nga tikanga taketake o tātaritanga o e aroturuki hi'oraa me whakamātau tūturu. He whai nui ki te pūtaiao i runga i tenei take, whakaurua AF Lazurskii. tapaea e ia ki te mataara i te tamaiti hoki he wa roa (e rave rahi tau). he ako taua o tamaiti tuakiri, whakaatu etahi kaha, e taea te kawea te reira i roto i tonu (nga ra), me pea - wā.

Ko tētahi atu huarahi ki te aru i predisposition o te tamaiti ki tetahi kaha ko te tikanga haurongo. More maha atu i te kore, i roto i te mahi, e puritia ai i roto i te puka o te uiui.

Ko te kupu, ki te kitea he rōpū o ngā tamariki i roto i takitahi pupū pūkenga, e rapu he whānuitanga o ngā mehua tātaritanga, tae atu:

• kitea o te whanonga o te tamaiti i roto i nga tikanga o pūtahi mātauranga, mau utuafare, akomanga anō me te rēhia;
• ngā mahi kōhungahunga hua aro mātai ngaio;
• pupuri ngā mahi psycho-tātaritanga (rangahau, whakamātautau, tamataraa, me ētahi atu);
• Organization o whakataetae hinengaro, ā-tinana, me te auaha.

Raruraru o te tamariki pūmanawa

Kia aroha mai, tuhia kaimātai hinengaro maha e anga te tamaiti pūmanawa he maha o ngā raruraru motuhake. whakaahua tatou i nga mea tino noa.

• Te kore o te moni i roto i te whakaako i roto i te kura tuarua.
• E mea pinepine, mo te itoito o te whakawa, te rave'ae, mahi, e frowned taketake o enei tamariki ki runga ki, mai te mea te nuinga o ngā kaiako i te reira, ka utu ngä nga huru maitatai o te kuao, kia rite ki te haapa'o, tautukunga tino ki te ture.
• I runga i te tamaiti mohio mātua me ngā kaiako pakeke i ētahi wā i tokomaha rawa tumanako. Baby, tango tiaki e kore ki te tere i te pakeke, maha mahi nga mahi, ahakoa i roto i te meka hiahia ia ki te whakamatau te kore.
• E mea pinepine e warea enei tamariki i roto i te porohita o hoa.
• Ko te tikanga, he nehenehe o te kōwhiri i hoa pakeke atu ia tamariki, engari i roto i tenei āhuatanga, e kore e taea te kuao ite ratou pūmanawa ki te tonu e tika ana ki ngā rerekētanga nui i roto i te whanaketanga ā-tinana.

Ko te kupu, e titau te mahi ki ngā tamariki mohio i roto i te kōhungahunga me te kura te matauranga o te hinengaro, huarahi takitahi, whakarongo, me te aro.

Āhuatanga o te mahi kaupapa ki ngā tamariki pūmanawa

O te akoranga, i reira he āhuatanga o te mahi ki te tamariki pūmanawa. I roto i te hapori i reira ko te perception e kore e hiahia ana enei tamariki te arata'iraa me te mana o te pakeke. I roto i te meka, te ritenga tino. Tamariki e whai taranata, kei roto i te hiahia o te tokoni tamau kaitohutohu matua. Na, tamariki aravihi i roto i te kindergarten tonu e kore e matau ratou "mana", i homai nei ki a ratou e te pakeke. Anake i raro i taea te whakawhanakehia te mātakitaki tika o te kaiako, ki te whakakite i Horizons hou taranata täu i. I tua atu ki te mahi takitahi ki ngā tamariki i roto i te taiepa kōhungahunga, kawea mahi i runga i te whanaketanga o ngā kaha o ngā tamariki pūmanawa o te kōhungahunga tau e i roto i roto i ngā pokapū o te whanaketanga wawe.

Mahi ki ngā tamariki pūmanawa i roto i te akomanga ko te ki te kitea te huarahi e tika ana ki te ākonga, ki te riro i te hoa matua me te kaiāwhina i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa i whakamaheretia.

Mahi ki ngā tamariki pupū pūkenga e hoki ki te haere tonu ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou āheinga i roto i te anga o te mātauranga atu. Na, kua meinga tenei pūnaha tenei ra e kore mātauranga tuarua i ngā ākonga, me te aronga tonu-parirau motuhake, arotahi ki runga i te tāutu me te whakawhanake i ngā āheinga o ngā tamariki.

I roto i te tuhinga hinengaro, me te mātauranga ko te rautaki mātauranga pūmanawa e whai ake nei:

1. Faahohonuraa matauranga.
2. Ko te ako o te rauemi mātauranga i te tere whakatere.
3. Waihanga ana āhuatanga raruraru mō te whaiaro faaotiraa-o ratou tamariki.
4. rauemi fakatupulaki.

tautoko State mō ngā tamariki pūmanawa

Ko hiahia i roto i te mātauranga o pūmanawa tamariki pūkenga te āhua. Na reira, kua whakawhanakehia tango ki pūkete nga āhuatanga hinengaro, me te kaupapa o te mahi ki te hōtaka ūnga o te Russian Federation tamariki pūmanawa "tamariki o Russia". Ko tōna ihirangi ngā te mahi "Gifted tamariki", e whai ana ki te hanga tikanga mo te tāutu me te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki pūmanawa i te taumata kāwanatanga. Kua kawea te mahi e whai ake nei i roto i te anga o tenei iti-hōtaka:

1. Katoa-Russian Olympiad i runga i ngā kaupapa motuhake.
2. Whakataetae, whakataetae, ngā whakataetae i roto i te anga o te mātauranga atu.
3. huringa Creative i roto i puni, kura raumati mō ngā tamariki pūmanawa.

tamariki pūmanawa o te whenua

Ki te whakapehapeha taea tatou te mea e he taonga i roto i te taranata Russia. tiakina e tamariki te kororia o whakataetae ao waiata, me te toi o te whenua o, whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi hākinakina ao-whānui, e mahi ana i rururaa me hui pūtaiao.

te kaupapa o te hanganga o te mātāpunenga "Gifted tamariki o Russia" i whakatinana i roto i te anga o te hōtaka kāwanatanga. I roto i tenei pukapuka kua whakarārangitia te ingoa o te takatu nei i whakanuia ratou i roto i te mara ngā o te mahi. I tua atu, tohua me ngā pūtahi mātauranga e kua hanga nga tikanga tino pai mo te whanaketanga o ngā kaha o ngā ākonga. Hoki i tabulahia i roto i te pukapuka "Gifted tamariki o Russia" nga ingoa o ngā kaiako rongonui, me te ara tauhou.

Ko te kupu, ko te tāututanga me te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki pūmanawa - he mahi nui o te hapori ao. I muri i te katoa, i roto i nga ringa o pūmanawa, auaha, nehenehe o te iwi whakaaro rereke ngāwari ko te whanaketanga o te hapori hou ritenga heke mai.