Ko te totoka, ko te tioata me te tinana amorphous. Karaihe - na reira i huaina i roto i te tio i tahito ra. A ka haere mai te reira e huaina ki te kiripaka karaihe me te rhinestone, whakaaro enei kohuke tio tihi e. Ko te tioata e tūturu me tangata-hanga (waihanga). E whakamahia ratou i roto i te ahumahi whakapaipai, optics, hikohiko me te engineering hiko, rite tautoko ana hoki ngā āhuatanga i roto i te tiketike-pū mea rite rauemi auaha superhard.
Kei te āhuatanga totoka tioata i pakeke, he tūranga tino auau i roto i te wāhi o ngā rāpoi ngota, ngota katote ranei, reira hanga he wā e toru-ahu karaihe ripekapeka (hanganga). Waho, kua whakahuatia reira ngā puka hangarite mārō o te tinana, me te etahi āhuatanga ōkiko. I roto i te puka waho o te tinana karaihe whakaata te hangarite tūturu i roto i te ā-"tākai" o te matūriki. whakatau tenei te öritetanga o te koki i waenganui i te mata o te tioata katoa arā o te taonga kotahi.
ka waiho ratou rite, me te tawhiti i pokapū ki fakatefito i waenganui i ngā ngota tata (ki te i tū ratou i runga i te raina tika kotahi, ka hei te taua, puta noa te roa o te rārangi tenei tawhiti). Ko hoki ngota e takoto i runga i te raina tika i te tahi atu te aronga, ka waiho i te tawhiti, he rerekē i waenganui i te pokapū o te ngota. Pūkete tenei mo te anisotropy. Anisotropy - tino nui, rerekē i totoka tioata amorphous.
Ka taea te pēnei Neke atu i te 90% totoka ki tioata. I roto i te natura, te tīariari ratou i roto i te puka o te tioata kotahi me ngā tauira polycrystalline. tioata Single - kotahi, ngaahi tafa'aki o tei faahoho'ahia i taparau auau; Kei te āhuatanga ratou i te aroaro o te wini whakakahokaho karaihe tonu, me te anisotropy o ngā āhuatanga ōkiko.
Polycrystals - he tinana arā, o maha tioata iti, "tauta" ki ia atu ahua pārorirori. Polycrystals he konganuku, te huka, toka, onepu. I roto i taua mau tino (hei tauira, he whakarewa kongakonga) kore te mea te tikanga kitea anisotropy tika ki te whakaritenga matapōkere o nga mea timatanga, ahakoa motuhake tangohia karaihe anisotropy āhuatanga o te tinana.
Ētahi atu āhuatanga o ngā rauemi tioata: pāmahana tino tautuhi whātioatanga me ira whakakoero (te aroaro o ngā tino), te kaha, elasticity, kawe, rere, wera kawe ia.
Amorphous - te kore āhua. Heoi mooni whakamaoritia i te kupu Kariki. tinana amorphous hanga e te natura. Hei tauira, te amipere, ware pi, karaihe puia. Na roto i te hanga tangata horihori totoka amorphous wāhi - karaihe me te teriuma (horihori), parawini, kirihou (waerau), kaihokohoko nau, naphthalene, var. matū amorphous kore e whai i te mea ripekapeka karaihe e tika ana ki te whakaritenga huru o ngā rāpoi ngota (ngota, katote) i roto i te hanganga tinana. Na reira, nga āhuatanga ōkiko o etahi tinana isotropic amorphous - te taua i roto i ngā tohutohu katoa. Hoki ngā rauemi amorphous, kahore he ira pāmahana whakakoero tino, ratou āta tamărûhia ki runga ki whakawera, ka tahuri ki Kaore wai. tohaina tinana amorphous takawaenga (whakawhiti) āhuatanga i waenganui i wai me te totoka tioata: whakapakeke ratou, ka riro rapa ano kia anganga ka patua kapia āhua kore i pāmahana iti. I pāmahana teitei, enei āhuatanga whakaatu te ukanga, hoko wai Kaore.
Na e matau ana koutou ki ta te tinana karaihe!