Utu tāupe: tauira. utu Manufacturing

kia whakaaro utu o te hinonga i roto i te tātari i ngā tirohanga rerekē. hāngai ana ratou whakarōpū i runga i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Mai i te tirohanga o te pānga o ngā utu rerekē hua ai kia ti'aturi motuhake o te hua i roto i te hoko ranei. utu tāupe, he tauira o te faaotiraa o e titau whakaaro tupato, tukua te upoko o te kamupene ki te whakahaere ia ratou na roto i te whakanui ake whakaiti nga hoko o ngā hua oti ranei. Na reira, he nui hoki te māramatanga o te whakahaere tika o nga mahi o tetahi kamupene ratou.

āhuatanga General

Taurangi utu kamupene (Utu Tāupe, VC) ko aua utu i te whakahaere e te huri ki te hua heke ranei i roto i te tupu i roto i te hoko o enei hua. Hei tauira, i te mutunga o te kamupene, kia waiho nga utu tāupe kore. Enterprise ki te kawe i roto i ona mahi tōtika, Me ki aromatawai auau te mahi o ona utu. I muri i te katoa, pānga ratou te nui o te utu o taonga oti me te rerekē haere.

Hoki utu tāupe ngā taua tūemi.

• Ko te utu e mau ana o ngā rauemi mata, pūngao, rauemi, e āta whai wāhi ana i roto i te hanga o ngā hua oti.
• Ko te utu o ngā hua ahumahi.
• Ko te utu o ngā kaimahi, i runga i te whakatinanatanga o te mahere rānei.
• Interest i nga mahi o hoko kaiwhakahaere.
• Takoha: Takahanga, i runga i STS UST.

He mahara ki utu tāupe

Hei tika ite i te mea pēnei i ngā utu tāupe, kia whakaaro he tauira o te whakamāramatanga i roto i te taipitopito atu. Ko te kupu, hanga i roto i te mahi o ona hōtaka production noho te nui etahi o ngā rauemi e ka meinga kia hua mutunga. Ka taea te pēnei ēnei utu ki te utu tāupe tika. Ko etahi o ratou kia wehea. Āhuatanga pērā i te hiko, a taea te pēnei ki utu i whakaritea. Ki te tangohia e koe ki te pūkete i roto i te utu o te rohe kapinga, kia taka ratou ki roto ki tenei kāwai. Hiko whai wāhi tika i roto i te tukanga o ngā hua whakangao, e pā ana ki te wā-poto nga utu tāupe.

He hoki utu, e whakawhirinaki i runga i rerekē haere, engari e kore i roto i te rahi tika ki te tukanga whakaputa. Ka taea te meinga tenei hehema i te kore o te popoketanga (te taikaha ranei) Production ōritengakore tona kaha hoahoa.

Na reira, ki te ine i te whai huatanga o te kamupene i roto i te whakahaere o ratou utu kia whakaaro utu tāupe rite te kauwhata rārangi kaimahi i runga i te wā i runga i te kaha whakahaere noa.

whakarōpū

He maha ngā momo o te whakarōpū o utu tāupe. Ki te huringa o te utu whakatinanatanga e he nunui:

• utu rite nei e whakanui ake i roto i te ara ano rite te rōrahi o te hanga;
• utu Progressive te whakanui ake i te arataki tere atu i te iteraa;
• utu degressively e whakanui i ki te whakanui ake production reiti i te tere o raro.

tohu Statistical o nga utu tāupe o te kamupene ko:

• whānui (Utu Tapeke Tāupe, TVC), e kua tatau i runga i te whānuitanga katoa o ngā hua;
• reo (AVC, Toharite Utu Tāupe), tatau ia wae o te hua.

E ai ki te tikanga o te mahi kaute i roto i te utu o ngā hua oti he taiea tāupe utu tika (kīia noa ki te utu) me te autaki (uaua ki te ine i to ratou takoha ki te utu).

No nia i te putanga tukanga kia hanga (wahie, rauemi raw, pūngao, me pera i runga i. D.) Na te kore-hua (transportation, ōrau, me pera te takawaenga. D.).

Common utu tāupe

He rite ki te utu tāupe te putanga mahi. Ko reira tonu. A, no te ki te tātari kawe tahi utu katoa, i whiwhi ai te katoa utu tāupe o ngā hua katoa o te kamupene.

A, no te ngā tāupe katoa, me utu i whakaritea, huri i te reira i roto i to ratou tapeke i roto i te hinonga. whakamana ana tēnei tātai i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau i te fakafalala o ngā utu tāupe o production. I tua atu, rite tonu ki te taurangi tātai he utu haurokuroku:

MS = ΔVC / ΔQ, te wahi:

• MC - haurokuroku utu tāupe;
• ΔVC - hua i roto i ngā utu tāupe;
• ΔQ - ake i putanga.

Tenei hononga taea ki tatou tātai i te pānga o ngā utu tāupe i roto i te hua whānui o te hoko o ngā hua.

Tātaitanga o utu toharite

Toharite utu tāupe (AVC) - kua pau i runga i te wae hanga o te rauemi kamupene. I roto i te tetahi whānui o te tupu putanga kua reira kahore pānga ki runga ki a ratou. Otira, no ka timata ratou te aravihi hoahoa ki te tupu. faataa tēnei whanonga e te heterogeneity o utu tauwehe me ratou hua mo te hanga tauine nui.

tatau te tohu aroaro te rite e whai ake nei:

AVC = VC / Q, te wahi:

• VC - maha o ngā utu tāupe;
• Q - nui o putanga.

Ko te tawhā ine i te utu tāupe toharite i roto i te wā poto ko rite ki te huringa i roto i te utu tapeke toharite. Ko te nui te hanga o ngā hua oti, te nui te utu whānui timata ki te whakatau i te hua i roto i ngā utu tāupe.

Tātaitanga o utu tāupe

I runga anō i te runga ake, ka taea e tatou te tautuhi i te tātai utu tāupe (VC):

• VC = Utu o Raw Materials + + + Fuel Electricity Premium + utu + moni i hoko āpiha.
• VC = Gross tawhē - utu whakaritea.

Ko te nui o ngā utu tāupe ka whakaritea he rite ki te taupū o te utu katoa o te whakahaere.

utu tāupe, he tauira o te tātaitanga i te aroaro i runga, kua whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o ratou ahua katoa:

utu Tapeke = utu Tāupe + utu pūmau.

faaotiraa TAUIRA

Hei mahino pai te parau tumu o te tātai i te utu tāupe, whakaaro te tauira o te tātaitanga. Hei tauira, te āhuatanga te kamupene e tona putanga o taua tūemi:

• Ko te utu o ngā rauemi, me ngā rauemi mata.
• utu Energy production.
• Ko te utu o nga kaimahi whakaputa taonga.

e kiia ana e te he utu tāupe tika hautanga ki te tupu ki te hua o ngā hua oti. tangohia ana tēnei meka e ki pūkete ki te whakatau i te wāhi whati-noa.

Hei tauira, kua tata te reira e te wāhi whati-noa o 30 mano. Units. Ki te hanga matou i te kauwhata, ka waiho i te taumata whati-noa o te hanga e rite ana ki te kore. Ki te heke te rōrahi te, ka neke ngā mahi te kamupene o ki te unprofitability o te manureva. Na rite ki te whakanui ake pukapuka o whakahaere production ka taea ki te whiwhi i te hua pai i roto i te pai kupenga.

Me pēhea te ki te whakaiti i ngā utu tāupe

Whakanuia te tōtika o te hinonga kia whakamahi i te rautaki o "öhanga o tauine", e faaite ake ki te whakanui ake pukapuka o te hanga.

Ko te take hoki tona takanga e whai ake nei.

1. Ko te whakamahi o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, te rangahau e whakapiki i manufacturability.
2. utu pūtea moni iti o ngā kaiwhakahaere.
3. whāiti Narrow o production, e taea ai e koe te mahi i ia taahiraa o ngā mahi hanga atu tōtika. Tenei te whakaiti i te paopao auau.
4. Ko te kupu whakataki o ngā rārangi hangarau rite o te hanga, e ka whakarato atu whakamahi kaha.

I roto i tenei take, te tere o te tupu o utu tāupe kitea raro tupu hoko. ka whakanui i tenei te tōtika o te kamupene.

Ka familiarized ki tenei ariā, rite nga utu tāupe, he tauira o te tātaitanga i i hua i roto i tenei tuhinga, kaitätari pūtea me kaiwhakahaere taea te whakawhanake i tētahi tau o huarahi ki te whakaiti i te utu whānui o te hanga, me te whakaiti i ngā utu production. Tenei ka taea te whai hua te whakahaere o reiti rerekē hinonga.