Vasily Katchalov - ārahi kaiwhakaari o te Moscow Art Theatre

mohiotia Kaitapere Vasily Kachalov i te ao whare tapere me te Leonardo da Vinci i te ao toi. whakaurua e ia nga mea katoa, ko te taua i tenei ra karanga tatou te toi Soviet pūmanawa. Figure pukapuka, e kore ia ako mahi, pārekareka te āhuareka whenua momona auheke.

hikuwai

11.02.1875, i roto i Vilna (hou Vilnius) i roto i te hapu o te tohunga Ioanna Shverubovicha, Abbot o te hahi Siu, whanau te toru o nga tama i. Ko Vasiliy Kachalov. kaiwhakaari haurongo whakaahuatia i roto i te taipitopito V. Ya. Vilenkinym, e korero e pā ana ki artist ngingila heke mai o te tamaiti. ka haere mai te Matua i te gentry Belarusian, ko tona whaea Polish me pakiaka Lithuanian. tū te whānau he mātauranga kura pakeke, he tamaiti o Basil whiu hoki hara. I tua atu ki tuakana pakeke e rua, te rerekētanga tau i ko 10-15 tau i muri mai, i whanau kōtiro e rua: Sonya ko Sasha. i uitou wawe ratou, ka kua te 26 tau whakamutunga kua raro i ngā akoranga o V. Kachalov, i noho tahi.

riro te tamaiti i te mātauranga pai i roto i te Grammar School 1, wā kotahi ki i puta F. E. Dzerzhinsky. Awe e nei kawea atu te mahi ki te toi nui, me te pathos i roto i tona reo i tona papa, piki ia ki te rūnanga, ka whai wāhi i roto i te declamation. mana'o nui ki runga ki a ia i hanga he mahi o "Te Demon" vilnenskogo whare tapere, i takoto ki tona ma'unimā. I wetereo ētehi kura scene, ia, he te ono o kaiauroro, hanga e ia tona tuatahi i roto i te tūranga o te whānui kaitirotiro, ka tonu i te rongonui o te rohe. Na ka i reira ko te tūranga, me te Nozdryov Podkolosina, te minamina ki tūturu mo te whare tapere rohe. Heoi, ka haere te tangata taitama ki te mahi i roto i St Petersburg University i te tapuwae o tona tuakana Anastas, whakaatu he aha te tikanga o te reira ki te kia mātauranga. Vasiliy Ivanovich Kachalov mahue te kāinga mātua i roto i 1894-m.

Tīmata mahi mahi

Whakauru i roto i te kura ture, riro tonu te tangata taitamariki he wāhi i roto i te rōpū whakaari me noho whakarara ana wa katoa i roto i Alexandria Theatre. I runga i te kupu o te kaiwhakaari tamata M. I. Pisareva te rite Valero Moliere "Te kaiponu" i roto i te whare tapere iti (whakahaua e E. Karpov), ka riro mai te manaaki o te atamira, me te āhukahuka taranata e wātea ana o. Dramatics Vasiliy Kachalov (aroaro whakaahua i te kuao tau e i roto i te tuhinga) kua ako ahau he kaiwhakaari nui V. N. Davydova, e arahina i te wa te karapu whakaari ākonga. Tona angitu tuatahi ko te tūranga Neschastlivtseva (AI Ostrovsky "Forest"), i roto i 1895 aroaro ki te iwi whānui. ka huihui oaoa VN Davydov ki taranata taitamariki.

I 21, kei te kua hoko te tangata taitama he kaiwhakaari Suvorinsky whare tapere ngaio ki te utu o te 50 moni. A, no te hanga i te A. kirimana tūtohutia S. Suvorin ki te huri i te ingoa Vasily Ivanovich Shverubovich atu pai. Na ka puta mai te kaiwhakaari te īngoa i nei mohiotia e ia puta noa i te ao. pai ngā te tangata taitama tona mahi ngaio ki te mātauranga, ahakoa auaha me te o Bohemia i te ora i te reira tino horo. Ko te tūnga ki a Suvorin (takaro ia ratou 35) i pukuhohe anake, me te huru tapere, na i runga i haere i te tohutohu o V. N. Davydova kaiwhakaari ki te kawanatanga, ka mahue te whare wānanga i muri i nga tau e wha o te ako.

Porowini i roto i

Kia te kaipakihi pūmanawa M. M. Borodayu, 2 tau, me te 6 marama o Vasily Katchalov takaro i roto i rua pa, e korero ana i roto i Saratov me Kazan. I pōlepole ia ki te mahi, te tākaro i roto i tenei wā e pā ana ki 250 tūranga. I 23, hanga ana e ia te whakapakoko o Cassius i Shakespeare o "Yulii Tsezare," riro mau horo'a loto. patua kaimätakitaki ahua o te kaitapere: te tupu teitei (185 cm), ko ia rawa kikokore, me te koma, engari maitai taukei te tinana. mātātoa kaiwhakaari wāhi i roto i te ringa ki mīharo roa i runga i te āhua o ana maihao. Otiia ko tona reo ahakoa te taonga matua. reo mārū ponguru i whaiwhaia mo'oni e noho ana i roto i te whare.

I muri i te wāhi ngingila Shakhovsky i "Kingi o Fyodor" me te hanga i roto i te pane o te Moscow Art Theatre (1898), ka anga ia ki te moemoea o te atamira nui. I roto i Kazan, tutaki ia tana wahine he kaha'ú, kaitapere Nina Litovtseva (Levestam), nei ko te ākonga o Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. Te reira i te pae hopea whakaritea te haerenga ki Moscow.

Ko te putanga o te Theatre Art

Ki runga ki taenga i roto i Hui-tanguru 1900 i roto i te Moscow Art Theatre Kachalov i ki te mea Stanislavski. I whiriwhiria e te reira i rite te scene wahi i ia ki te puta tētahi i roto i te rua whakapakoko: Boris Godunov ko Ivana Groznogo. tahuri pane i roto i te kawanatanga i te whakatangihanga a te tūranga kino - i patua tūnga te whakaaturanga. kihai i Vasily Katchalov hoatu ki runga, ka tonu ki te haere ki te whare matakitaki i nga ra, e matakitaki ana i te tākaro o te kaiwhakaari tino o te wa. Na roto i te tautuhinga te whakarite "Snow Maiden", engari kahore tetahi whakakeke tūranga Berendey. faaoti Stanislavski ki te hoatu i te tauhou kaiwhakaari tetahi tupono a ko kihai hape.

I muri i te whakatakanga awhi ia Kachalov, i he mahi nui ki runga ki a koe, me ngā whakaritenga hao o kaiwhakahaere toi whare tapere. tuatahi ikuna i Mahuru 1900, te heheu mai i te heke mai kanapa i mua o te kaiwhakaari. I roto i nga mahi tino tuatahi tona:

• tūranga Baron i roto i te tākaro "nga rire Lower", i mea a Gorky ki faahiahia.
• Hiha i roto i te tākaro taketake e William Shakespeare.
• Tūranga i roto i te whakaari o te A. P. Chehova "te Cherry Orchard" (Trofimov) me "Sisters toru" (TUZENBACH).

tihi mahi

haere mai tenei angitu ki Vasily Ivanovich i 1905, a tae noa ki te revolution ka waiho Moscow pera i roto i te aroha ki a ia, e ka aituä i te kotiro i te rota o te moni hoko mea i tona kakahu, i whaia hoki pā maha. e karanga Poet S. Solovyov ia "kingi o mana'o anaanatae", a ka mohio te whakarongo ana tūranga katoa, kahore okotahi. I roto i ia hoatu e ia tona matauranga o te tuakiri o te hero, whakahere he ohorere, engari i roto i te mauiui tikanga. Na, pania ana e ia he whakapakoko tino rerekē o te rangatira Danemaka, huna o te turanga i runga i i whakaekea e ia ki runga i roto i nga tau o mua. E whakaatu ana te reira i te ati o Hamlet i pakanga aronganui: māramatanga o te huru tia ore o te ora, me te ravea ore ki te huri i tetahi mea i roto i reira (1911).

Glumova ki te tākaro A. I. Ostrovskogo takaro tonu te nanakia me te careerist. Vasily Katchalov ka whakahere he tikanga hou o te whakapakoko, te wahi e puta ai ia pūmanawa, me te korokē, o te ora mo te nei katoa - te kēmu. A i roto i tenei kēmu, e hiahia ana ia ki te waiho i te toa (1910). Ko te tūranga Ivana Karamazova (F. M. Dostoevsky) - tetahi o te uaua i runga i te atamira. Kotahi ra te tākaro i te reira, ka whakamahi i te kaiwhakaari te farewell pokapū i roto i kōnohete, te heheu mai i roto i Karamazov māramatanga o te ao (1910). Ia i muri whakaae e aroha ia Karamazov i te tutu ki a te Atua, me te whakapono i roto i te mana o te take. tahuna te reira ia ara whakangaromanga o te hero, i whakatikaia e ia te matewai mīharo mō te ora.

tour

E te revolution i roto i V. I. Kachalova huru i neki. I runga i te ringa kotahi, i maheni ki te tahae Nikolai Bauman me whakaaro hui ki a ia tetahi o te nui tino i roto i te ora, i runga i te tahi atu ia - tana tama, Vadim whawhai i roto i te Ope White. arahina ia i 1919 ka haere wahi o te kapa i runga i tour i roto i te tonga o te whenua. i akina atu te whawhai i te kaiwhakaari ki te waiho ratou fenua, a tonu ratou haerenga i roto i Europa, Sofia, Prague, Berlin, Zagreb, Paris. pakipaki Te Hau-ā-uru i te taranata o nga mua, a Kachalov Vasiliy Ivanovich takaro atu kōnohete, me mo te wa tuatahi te taki "Site" poraka. Te tangata mātauranga phenomenal, lau ia Homer i Kariki me Horace - i roto i te reo Roma.

Whakairi i runga i te tau faafaaearaa iti, kua tonoa te kapa ki te haere hou, e mau ana i roto i te tour US, e pai te timata huri haere ki te tākaro "Tsar Fyodor". E te wa te whānau oho ki te kainga o Tiamana, a wehi e kore maha kaiwhakaari e hoki i te haerenga ko K. S. Stanislavsky. tonoa e ia he pukapuka fakaafe'i te kapa kohikohi i roto i te whare tapere. I roto i August 1924 ka hoki te V.Kachalov tuatahi ki Moscow.

ora whaiaro

I roto i Vasily Kachalov i tae e gentry me hōkai, engari i te wa ano, aroha me te pai ki te tere iwi. Ia aroha ki kōrero, āhua, hīkoi roa, me te hakari ki te pai te whakarite a ratou i te kāinga. kua kite tona fare he maha nui o tuakiri pai-mohiotia, i roto nei ko Sergei Yesenin. hanga e ia hoa ki te rangatira Doberman ko Jim, i tuhituhi he maau ataahua "Te Hound o Kachalov".

I marenatia Mai i 1900 tae noa ki tona matenga Vasily Katchalov ki Nina Nikolayevna, nei i mahue kopa i muri i te mate, me te kore i taea e puta i runga i te atamira. Ua tauturu ia ki a ia te mahi i aratai. I tona huritau 50 o Nicholas takaro ahau i roto i te tākaro e pā ana ki te Decembrists, tū tana wahine. Kei te kiia e ia ki te maha nui o pakimaero, tae atu hononga wā roa-ki te kaitapere, te wahine o te tangata nui. Otiia kihai ia i waiho i te utuafare, te here ia anake tama Vadim.

hoatu atawhai ia koe ki te iwi hope koropiko scene. I tua atu ki ngā, whakahaere he konohete rahi, mahue i muri i te maha nui o ngā pūkete e wātea ana i tenei ra. I roto i te 1928, wheturangitia ia i roto i te kiriata puku "Te White Eagle" (whakahaua e J. Protazanov). I roto i te kiriata o "Road ki Life" (1931) i tukua ki te tai'oraa ia rotarota e pā ana ki tamariki manene, te hanga i te huru o te pikitia. Kua tata te āhua ona hua te ana'iraa o te Artist o tangata o te USSR (1936).

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

I muri te Pakanga II o te Ao, i puritia i roto i te hōneatanga, ki te wā o te kaitapere Art Theatre kore haere atu. Tona wāhi nui whakamutunga ko Bardin i te tākaro e Maxim Gorky "hoariri." hinga ia kino ki te mate huka, engari tonu ki te whai wāhi i roto i te Auditions me ngā hōtaka konohete. 9/30/1948 i muri i te 50 tau o te taviniraa Melpomene haere atu Vasily Katchalov. e kore e haurongo poto tukua te tangata ki te kawe i te tauine o te kaiwhakaari nui, me te tiaki e taea e koe te kōrero e pā ana ki te mutunga o te whare tapere era katoa.