Waka Matau-ringa

timata wehenga o kaupapa pūkenga, ara, no te kahore i te motokā tuatahi i roto i te titiro. E tonu tautohetohe tumu kōrero e pā ana ki te mea i taketake te kaupapa i roto i Europe.

I roto i te wā o te kaieke kāwanatanga Roma nui haere mahue tonu. mahi tenei i roto i te tikanga ki te whai i to ratou takakau tika ki a rite ki te patu i te counter hoariri tonu te patu.

Taunakitanga o te meka e i roto i Roma i reira ko kahore he kaupapa ringa, ara te mahue-ringa, taunakitanga maitai kitea i roto i 1998 i roto i te rohe Ingarihi o Suinitoní, te wahi kari te whakapai i te taha o nga Roma, e tata ana i kua he ara pakaru mahue kua atu tika. I tua atu, i runga i nga pene Roma, i tuhia ano e rima tekau tau BC. e., ko reira he kaieke eke haere te aronga maui i te waka, unuhia e te hoiho.

I roto i te tua, he waka kotahi ki te atekōkiri i roto i mua he nui māmā ki te pei i te taha ki matau, no te mea i te komititanga ki te toenga o te coachmen kaumoana kia kia tino nui ki te wahia te whatumanawa ki tona ringa matau.

I roto i Russia, ara, no te emepera Pita te nui rite ohi te täkupu i rite waka matau-ringa, a haere ana i te faahee me pereoo kāinga, e pupuri ki te taha ki matau.

I tautokona tona mua e fetaulaki'anga muri. I roto i 1752, te Kuini Elizaveta Petrovna rite tona tikanga e pā ana whakapumautia, ka utaina ki runga ki ara Russian ringa obligatory waka o hariata me kaata. I roto i nga whenua Western ture haamauraa i kaupapa ringa, i whakaputaina tuatahi i roto i te UK: tenei pire i 1756, kia rite ki nei, i runga i London Bridge kua takoto i te kaupapa o te taha ki maui, i kua i "te ara ki" Ka kia whakatupato - he pauna hiriwa.

rua tekau anake nga tau i muri mai, tukuna te kāwanatanga o Ingarangi ona rongonui "Ture Traffic", i rai i te whakataki o te waka maui-ringa. Kua tēnei kaupapa taua kua tāuta i runga i te whakatuwheratia tata hawhe te pereoo Manchester rau - Liverpool.

E ai ki tetahi o nga putanga ngā, tono Ingarangi reira i ratou ture moana, no te mea ko reira te motu, me te anake te hono ki te toenga o te whenua, ko te kaipuke: haere kaipuke atu kaipuke e whakatata tika noa ratou.

Whenua ki te waka matau-ringa te whakaaro te Basileia United ko te matua "kaiwero" o tenei "leftism", e muri awe etahi whenua. Ringa waka te nuinga here c France. I roto i te wā o te French Revolution, he tikanga whakaputaina i roto i Paris, i tūtohu ki te neke i te reira i runga i te tika, whakaaro nei te taha "iwi noa".

A iti i muri mai, whakatōpū Napoleon tenei tikanga, tono i te hōia, me te pupuri ki te aronga tika.

waka Matau-ringa, me pehea ke tangi reira, i te timatanga o te rau tau XIX i whai pānga c tōrangapū nui. Ko te hunga whenua e kua turia te aroraa o ngā hōia a Napoleon - Britain me Austria-Hungary, ko Portugal i "mahue", me te hunga e tautoko Napoleon - whakawhiti Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Poland, ki te waka matau-ringa. I te wa ano i roto i Austria i whānui reira ko he āhuatanga pākiki: - ". Tika" i roto i te tahi mau kawanatanga, te kaupapa i "mahue", me i roto i ētahi atu i te Ahakoa i muri noa i te Anschluss c Tiamana i roto i te thirties, kei te tino retrained reira i runga i te waka matau-ringa.

I roto i Europe, i muri i te ahua o te motokā i tīmata i tēnei takirimatia. haere te nuinga whenua i te taha ki matau rite mua, ki te tangohia i runga i a ratou mai nga wa Napoleonic.

Heoi, i roto i te Albion, Sweden, me ki te tetahi wahi o te he Austro-Hungary kingi pei i runga i te maui.

I te wa ano i roto i Itari, i roto i nga pa noa i ona ake ture motuhake. whakaturia nga mihini tuatahi i runga ki te wira tika, "he" mo tatou, a kahore he mea he aha taha o te waka neke.

I whakaratohia te reira ki tetahi whakaaro, ki te taraiwa e taea kite pai te motokā i mau. I tua atu, ka i taea ki te waiho i te motokā tika ki te poromu, a kahore i runga i te halá te taraiwa wira tika.