Acetylcholine - he excitation neurotransmitter io. Acetylcholine: āhuatanga, hua, ngā āhuatanga

передатчик нервного возбуждения в ЦНС, окончаниях парасимпатических нервов и вегетативных ганглиях. Acetylcholine - he tuku io roto i te excitation CNS, te hopearaa karere parasympathetic me ganglia autonomic. mahi te reira i mahi nui i roto i ngā tukanga ora. mahi e rite i amino waikawa, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, Adrenaline. Acetylcholine Ko tetahi o te ongoi e he pini tino nui i roto i te roro. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou ki tenei mea i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Overview

Ko te mutunga o te muka i nei whakawhiti te acetylcholine neurotransmitter, ka karanga cholinergic. I tua atu, i reira he āhuatanga motuhake ki e taunekeneke reira. E huaina ratou receptors cholinergic. Enei āhuatanga he rāpoi ngota pūmua matatini - nucleoproteins. отличаются тетрамерной структурой. rerekē receptors acetylcholine hanganga tetrameric. E tū ratou i runga i te mata o te wē (postsynaptic) membrane waho. Na roto ratou natura, he heterogeneous enei rāpoi ngota.

I roto i te akoranga whakamātautau, me te whakamahia mō ngā take hauora tarukino "pūhaumāota acetylcholine" aroaro i roto i te otinga mō te werohia. e kore te mea e wātea ana ētahi atu medicaments i runga i tenei taonga. He taurite o te tarukino: "Miohol", "Atsekolin", "Tsitoholin".

Whakarōpū o te pūmua Matuorakouawai

Kei ētahi rāpoi ngota i roto i te raru cholinergic postganglionic. Ko te rohe o uaua maeneene, te ngakau, te repe tenei. E huaina ratou receptors m-cholinergic - muskarinochuvstvitelnye. Kei Ētahi atu pūmua i roto i nga synapses ganglion me ngā hanganga somatic uauaio. E kīia ana ratou ki rite receptors n-cholinergic - nikotinochuvstvitelnymi.

whakamārama

Ko te whakarōpū i runga he tauhohe pū tika e puta ina taunekeneke pūnaha matüora me acetylcholine enei. , в свою очередь, объясняет причины некоторых процессов. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, whakamārama he aha etahi tukanga. Hei tauira, te pēhanga whakaiti, secretion whakarei o pekitīlia, me ētahi atu repe salivary, bradycardia, me ētahi atu, me te pupillary constriction. Muskarinochuvstvitelnye i raro i te mana i runga i pūmua me te hukihuki o te uaua kōhiwi, me te pera atu. Nikotinochuvstvitelnye ki runga ki te rongo ki te rāpoi ngota. I roto i nga tau tata nei, kua timata kaipūtaiao ki te wehe receptors m-cholinergic i roto i te Huingaiti. Ko te tino ako tenei ra te tūranga me te localization o ngā rāpoi ngota M1 me M2.

Ko te pū o te pānga o

не избирательный элемент системы. Acetylcholine - e kore ko te huānga o te pūnaha pōti tenei. I roto i te taumata, pānga reira e rua te m- me n-rāpoi ngota. moni Muskarinopodobnoe Ko te mana e te puai rahi acetylcholine. воздействие проявляется в замедлении сердечного ритма, расширении кровеносных сосудов (периферических), активизации перистальтики кишечника и желудка, сокращении мышц матки, бронхов, мочевого, желчного пузыря, интенсификации секреции бронхиальных, потовых, пищеварительных желез, миозе. faaite tēnei pānga ake i roto i tērā i te auau ngakau, pū o oko toto (piringa), te faaitoitoraa o te motility intestinal me puku, uterine uaua, ngōrahi, tōngāmimi, au tōngāmimi, te whakakahanga o secretions arahau, werawera, repe kūnatu, myositis.

constriction o te whatupango

Porohita iris uaua innervated e muka postganglionic i roto i te raru oculomotor, tīmata tukutahi ki ciliate kaha iti. I roto i tenei take, i reira he he mea tuhonohono e Zinn māhorahora. Ko te hua ko te spasm o noho. Constriction o te tauira, e tika ana ki te mana o te acetylcholine, te tikanga haere tahi e te hekenga i roto i te pēhanga intraocular. meinga ana tēnei pānga e te roha o te wahi anga i roto i te awa o Schlemm me i miosis nga wāhi papamuri fontanovyh me flattening nga iris. whakapiki i tenei te matamua o te wai i te roto o fluids kanohi.

на основе других подобных ему веществ используются при лечении глаукомы. Ki te kaha ki te whakaiti i te pēhanga intraocular rite acetylcholine, formulations i runga i ētahi atu matū rite whakamahia i roto i te maimoatanga o te papahewa. Ko ētahi o ēnei, i roto i ngā, ngā māngai anticholinesterase, cholinomimetics.

pūmua Nikotinochuvstvitelnye

обуславливается его участием в процессе передачи сигналов с преганглионарных нервных волокон на постганглионарные, находящиеся в вегетативных узлах, и с двигательных окончаний на поперечнополосатые мышцы. Nikotinopodobnoe mahi o acetylcholine meinga e tona whai wāhitanga i roto i te tukanga o te tohu transduction i te preganglionic muka io postganglionarnae e te hunga i roto i te kōpuku vegetative me mutunga pūkaha runga i te uaua striated. I pota iti mahi te taonga kia rite ki te tuku o te mahimahi whaiaroaro. , то может развиться стойкая деполяризация в районе синапсов. Ki te nui haere acetylcholine te, kia whakawhanake i reira depolarization tamau o synapses i te rohe. Ano hoki i reira ko te taea o te ārai i te whakawhitinga o te excitation.

CNS

играет роль передатчика сигналов в различных мозговых отделах. Acetylcholine i roto i te tinana mahi rite te tuku tohu i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro. I nohanga iti taea te hiki i te reira, a i roto i te nui - puhoi ponana pāhotanga synaptic. kia whai wāhi huringa i roto i te ka pākia ki disorders roro. психотропной группы. Te raveraa ra, e whakatauritea ki acetylcholine - taero psychotropic rōpū. A, no te tuwhena rawa ratou e puta i te takahi o teitei mahi io (pānga hallucinogenic etc).

te ariā o te acetylcholine

Puta te reira i roto i te cytoplasm o hopearaa karere. Stocks rawa kei roto i terminals presynaptic i te puka o mirumiru. Ko te takanga o te pūmanawa mahi arata'i ki te tuku o te acetylcholine i te maha rau "capsules" i roto i te kapiti synaptic. Matū tukua i vesicles herea ki te membrane postsynaptic ki rāpoi motuhake. faarahi tenei tona uruhanga ki te konutai, konupūmā me te pāhare pāporo katote. Ko te hua he excitatory pūmanawa postsynaptic. iti te pānga o te acetylcholine e tona paparetanga e pā atsetilholiesterazy whākōkī.

rāpoi nicotinic Physiology

ka whakanuia e whakaahuatanga Tuatahi rere intracellular moe, hiko. ka receptor Nicotinic tetahi o te tuatahi, i i taea ki te tuhi i te ngā rerengia i roto i te hongere kotahi. I roto i te āhua tuwhera e taea haere katote therethrough K + ko Na +, ki te whānuitanga iti tīhiko divalent. I roto i tenei take whakahuatia te kawe ia hongere e i roto i te uara tamau. Ko te roanga o te kāwanatanga tuwhera, Heoi, mahi āhuatanga ti'aturi i runga i te pūmanawa ngaohiko tono ki te receptor. Ano, ähuareka te whakamutunga e i roto i te whakawhitinga i depolarization o te hyperpolarization membrane. I tua atu, i reira ko te desensetizatsii āhuatanga. puta te reira i muri i te tono roa o acetylcholine me ētahi atu te raveraa ra e whakaiti receptor tūtohutanga me te whakanui ake i te roanga o te kāwanatanga teihana tuwhera.

whakaongaonga hiko

poraka Dihydro-β-eritroidin receptors nicotinic i roto i te roro, me te karere ganglia ki runga ki te whanaketanga o te whakautu cholinergic. Kei te āhuatanga hoki ratou i te ara pakuwha pakuwha tiketike ki nikotīni tritium-tapanga. Tairongo αBGT receptors neural i roto i te hippocampus i te susceptibility iti o acetylcholine, pērā āhuatanga αBGT-kiriuka. Tukurua me te whiriwhiri enemi whakataetae o te mahi metillikakonitin tuatahi.

Etahi pärönaki anabeziina whakapataritari i te pānga whakahohenga whiriwhiri i runga i te rōpū αBGT-receptors. Ko te kawe ia o te awa katote ko makona tiketike. rerekē ēnei receptors āhuatanga ngaohiko-ti'aturi ahurei. Obschekletochny nāianei ki te āwhina o te uara depolarization e. pūmanawa tohu i te whakaiti o nga katote tika na waenganui i te awa.

Kei te kupu tenei āhuatanga whakaritea i roto i te Mg2 + ihirangi o te huānga otinga. Tenei, rere ke tenei rōpū i te mau farii ohipa uaua pūtau. E kore e te whakamutunga amohia e tetahi huringa i roto i te nāianei katote ki te whakatika i nga uara o te membrane pea. Ko te kupu he receptor N-mewaro-D-aspartate, he uruhanga whanaunga o Ca2 + mo huānga, whakaatu ana te āhuatanga whakamuri. Ki te whakanui ake i te kaha hyperpolarizing ki te whakapiki ake i te ihirangi o ngā uara me Mg2 + katote, āraia te nāianei katote te.

Āhuatanga rāpoi ngota muscarinic

no receptors M-cholinergic ki te serpentivnyh piha haapiiraa. tuku ratou ponana i roto i te heterotrimeric G-pūmua. Kua Rōpū receptor muscarinic kua tāutuhia e tika ana ki to ratou taonga ki hono te muscarine pāhare. Autaki, enei rāpoi ngota kua whakaahuatia i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20 i roto i te ako o te pānga o curare. timata whakamātautau Direct o tenei rōpū i roto i te 20-30 tau. te rau tau ano i muri i te tāutu i te pūhui rite te acetylcholine neurotransmitter, e te kaiwhakawhiwhi pini i roto i synapses uauaio. E whakahohe M pūmua i raro i te mana o te muscarine me āraia e te atropine, n-whakahohe ngā rāpoi ngota i raro i te mana o te nikotīni, ka āraia e te curare.

I muri i te maha nui o momoroto kua kitea i roto i ngā rōpū e rua o receptors. Kei roto i te synapse uauaio muingota nikotīni anake. E kitea receptors Muscarinic i roto i ngā pūtau o repe me uaua, me te - me te n-holinoretseptorami - i roto i te neurons o CNS me ganglia neural.

mahi

riro receptors Muscarinic te huinga katoa o ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Tuatahi o te katoa, kei te tū ratou i roto i te ganglia motuhake, me te haere i a ratou muka postganglioznyh, hangaia ki ngā whēkau. tohu tenei ki te mau farii ohipa whai wāhi i roto i te haapurororaa me pānga puoro parasympathetic. Ko ētahi o ēnei, mo te tauira, ngā te hukihuki o te uaua maeneene, vasodilatation, nui haere secretion o repe, whakaiti i te auau ngakau. CNS Cholinergic muka, e te hunga reira i roto i te hanganga o interneurons me synapses muscarinic e hāngai te nuinga i roto i te uho kaka, hippocampus, aukati karihi, striatum. I roto i te tahi atu wāhi e kitea e ratou i roto i tau iti. pānga nga receptors m-cholinergic pokapū te ture o te moe, mahara, te ako me te whakarongo.