Āhuatanga raruraru - i te whakatau ... me te hanga o te āhuatanga raruraru

paerewa mātauranga New whakaurua i roto i whare mātauranga kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i kindergarten. Me whai te paetahi o kōhungahunga institution mātauranga etahi pūkenga:

• whakaoti tamataraa whaiaro, me te hinengaro, e tika ana ki to ratou ake;
• whakamahi i tēnei mōhiotanga ki te whakaturia mahi hou, o ratou otinga.

Āhuatanga o te ako e hāngai ana raruraru-

Ko tā te tikanga āhuatanga raruraru whakaako, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te rironga o te matauranga e whakaoti rapanga mahi, me te ariā. kaiako kindergarten e whakamahi i te tikanga rite, whakawhanake ratou ākonga te kaha ki te whakaturia takitahi te whāinga ki te titiro hoki ki te ara whakatutuki i te reira, ki te tātari i te hua. tātari tatou nga tikanga rerekē o te hanga i te āhuatanga raruraru i roto i nei kōhungahunga ako ki te rapu mō ngā mōhiohio, ki te whakamahi i te matauranga i roto i te ora ia rā.

He aha te mea te whakaaro o te ako e hāngai ana raruraru-

whai wāhi Problem solving ki te hanganga o ngā kaha auaha o ngā ākonga ki te whakawhanake i rātou motuhake. He mea nui ki te matau e taua whakangungu tā te whakatūnga o te taairaa piri i waenganui i ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki. Creation o te āhuatanga raruraru - te kaiako o ngā raruraru. He ia ki te haere ki te mekameka takatu matatini, e ka hei te timatanga o te kitea ohie, me te hua - he wahi kaha i roto i whakaoti i te raruraru. Ki te matauranga hou riro i roto i te akoranga o tenei mahi tahi, ako te tamaiti āhuatanga hou o te ahanoa ako, ako ki te ui i te mau uiraa, e rapu whakautu ki a ratou.

Āhuatanga o te ako e hāngai ana raruraru-

Kei te tango nui whakahou o te mātauranga, tikanga hou me ngā puka o te mātauranga kōhungahunga wahi i roto i Russia. He momo hou o pūtahi kura-i mua, e hāngai ana ki te hanganga o te aravihi morare, me te hinengaro o ngā tamariki o te tau kura tuatahi. utua aro nui te ki te mātauranga kura-i mua he hanganga māmālie o mahi hinengaro, te kaha ki te whakaoti āhuatanga raruraru, nga mahi i whakaritea e te kaiako.

Ko te hāngaitanga o te whakangungu

rerekē taua whakangungu i te faaineineraa tuku iho mahi hinengaro kōhungahunga. Kōhungahunga ako nga pūkenga o-te mātauranga whaiaro, te ako-whaiaro, e ka hiahia ratou i roto i te ora kura. tātari kounga o te āhuatanga raruraru - i te ara ki te tiki i tētahi wheako hou.

History o te raruraru ki te hangarau

Ko te hītori o te whakamahi o te ako e hāngai ana raruraru-hutia te i roto i te rire mua. I roto i nga mahi o ahau G. Pestalotstsi, J.-J. patua ana Rousseau "tikanga ako kaha." āhuatanga Problem - ko reira he ara ki te riro wheako hou, ki te whakaongaonga ake ngā mahi a ngā tamariki. I roto i te mātauranga American rautau 20 wawe whakawhanakehia Hoani. Dewey te ariā o te ako e hāngai ana raruraru-. tuku te reira i putanga tuku iho o te mātauranga o te kōhungahunga me te kura tuatahi ki te whakakapi whakaako motuhake e whakaoti ngā raruraru mahi. Ka rite ki te hua o maha ngā whakahaere e Dewey, i papu ia e hoatu i te āhuatanga raruraru mō kōhungahunga tawhiti atu whai wāhitanga atu i te waha (pukapuka, kōrero) whakangungu e pā ana ki te rauemi tamau noa. Ko te ako hou Dewey au te taeraa mai o te ariā o "oti ngāue o whakaaro." ako Hohe, whakaarohia i te timatanga o te rau tau whakamutunga i roto i Russia "piri" anake ki te whakataki o paerewa mātauranga hou.

Tauira o ngā āhuatanga raruraru mō kōhungahunga

Tenei ko te tauira o te āhuatanga raruraru mō kōhungahunga. patua ana tamariki poraka o āhua rerekē me te rahi, o nei e whai ratou ki te hanga i te whare. I muri i te fariiraa i te mahi, me te tuatahi whakaaro tamariki ona mahere o te mahi ki te tiki ake poraka i roto i te āhua, te rahi, ki te whiwhi i te hoahoa kāinga pūmau. Ki te mahue tamariki ngā raraunga, e kore e taea e ratou akakoromaki i te mahi ki te hoatu i te kaiako i roto i mua o ratou. I roto i te mahi tahi, te ako tamariki ki te kōrero, te whakawhanake i te tikanga o te mahi tahi.

Ko te ngako o te raruraru e whakaako kōhungahunga

He rerekētanga taua whakangungu, i runga i te āhua o te tukua reira raruraru kaiako rānei. arotahi āhuatanga raruraru i runga i whakawhaiaro o te matauranga, te whanaketanga auaha o kōhungahunga. Kei te whānui whakawhanakehia te kindergarten kēmu tūranga-tākaro, i te tikanga ko reira ako e hāngai ana raruraru-. Whakamātauria i runga i te tākuta tikanga, ako te tamaiti ki te kōrero ki te "tūroro". Tenei wheako e tauturu ia i roto i te pai rawa o te tikanga a muri, ka waiho he manawarū nui mō te matauranga hou. I roto i te kōhungahunga institution mātauranga, ako te tamaiti ki te hinga i te mau fifi hinengaro, te āhuatanga raruraru hoki a ia - te reira he whai wāhitanga nui ki te whakamatau ia ia. E raruraru akiaki kōhungahunga ki whakaaro, whakaako ia ki te whiriwhiri i te nui o ngā mōhiohio, ko te kotahi anake e ka hiahia ia ki te puta i te āhuatanga o nāianei. Ko te ngā whakahēnga e te hunga tūturu i roto i tenei tukanga ka waiho te tikanga tuatahi mō te whakarei ake i te heke mai mahi hinengaro tuatahi.

Tūtohutanga mō mea ki te mahi i roto i KI

Tetahi āhuatanga raruraru - he reira rerekē mō te āhuatanga o te tamaiti. Te kimi i te ara tino pai o whakaoti te raruraru tei runga i te pūmanawa auaha o te kaiako. ako e hāngai ana Problem-tā te whakahaere i roto i te tākaro me ngā mahi rangahau auaha o kōhungahunga. Mā te whakamahi i te whānuitanga o ngā tikanga o te hanganga o te mahi hinengaro o te tauira, mahi te kaiako matua i runga i nga tamariki aronganui me te volitional. e taata aupuru tiaki o taua i roto i te hanga o te matauranga hou nga tamariki ite te tikanga o te utu, e pai ai, koa. kaiako whakapumautia āhuatanga raruraru - ko reira he faingamālie ki te kawe i te tama i te tikanga o te faahiahia, aravihi, ohorere.

Creativity, täu i motuhake auaha, ngāwari, whakaaro heuristic he tohu o te kaha me te hiahia ki te waihanga, ki te whakaaroa, ki auaha, ki te whakaaroa whakapakoko hou.

Te mahi i runga i te kaupapa, e tango te tamaiti i tona ngahau ngā mahi, ite kare pai. Anake i roto i tenei take e taea tatou te kōrero e pā ana ki te whanaketanga tonu o te pūmanawa auaha o kōhungahunga, te hanganga o te tuakiri pai.

Me pēhea te ki te waihanga i tētahi āhuatanga raruraru

Totohe Ko te ako e hāngai ana raruraru-hono, a reira ko reira nui ki te hoatu i te pātai tika ki te tamaiti. Nuinga o ngā wā ko te pātai tino rerekē i roto i te hanganga, ui nga tamariki ratou, "He aha e kore e koti mahana?"; "He aha inu tipu te wai, a ka kore e whai i te reira i reira?"; "He aha he heihei kāinga parirau, otiia e kore e rere i te reira atu?"; "He aha te karapoti te whenua?" Ko te raruraru e pana tamariki, te kaiako tuhia e ki raro ranei ako ma'uloto, a ka whakatika i ratou wā ki te rōpū katoa. Te kaiwhakarato Me unga tamariki ki te rapu hoki i te kupu whakahoki ki te pātai, e whakarongo ki reira he totohe ki te mau i te whakatau tika i roto i te ngakau o te tamaiti. Ko te kaiako āta formulates te totohe i waenganui i nga meka pūtaiao e kua mohiotia ki te tamaiti, me ngā āhuatanga ora.

tauira o te rangahau

Ma te haapii i te ngā āhuatanga o te wai, ka ako nga tamariki e kua hanga e 80 ōrau o te iwi me te kararehe ki runga o te wai. Hei waihanga i tētahi āhuatanga raruraru ui te kaiako, "He aha e kore to matou inu tinana, no te mea to tatou na nui te wai?" Fakataha ki e rapu i te eé kaiako mo te whakahoki, me te haere mai ki te mutunga e te wai - i roto i te tinana, a na reira e kore e ara ake i te tangata. Kaiako i roto i te rapu mo te whakahoki ki te pātai uihia ki te whakarongo ki nga tautohetohe katoa o nga tamariki, whakahau ana ia ratou mo te mahi, he whakamātau ki te whakaatu i to ratou matauranga. Kia te takatu katoa whakahere ratou whakautu, tahi tīpako i tētahi otinga noa.

Hei kitea taea te kawea te whakahoki tika atu me te whakamātautau. Tamariki ki te kaiako (mātua ranei) miria kāreti, beets, rīwai, wai romia, ka whakarite i te nui o te wai ora ake. He ako iti whakahaere e pūtaiao heke mai, ka waiho hei kitea tūturu mō ngā tamariki. Te hanga i te āhuatanga raruraru, ko te kaiako akina ana kaitākaro ki te whiwhi te matauranga, te whakawhanake whaiaro whakapai ake-.

kāri rerehua

Ka taea te hanga te āhuatanga raruraru i roto i te akomanga mō te mātauranga ā-tinana. Akoranga "kāri Mihi mo Piglet" taea te kawea atu i roto i te puka o te kēmu. tono kaiako ki ngā tamariki ki te āwhina i te tiki ake i hoki homai Piglet. I roto i te pakiwaituhi e pā ana ki Cute te Pooh ko te pātai o te mea homai hoki i te kaihe, na te pātai o te aha ki te hoatu Piglet, i te tuatahi te mea tamariki ke. Ko te takatu whakahere mea rerekē e taea hoatu koe Piglet. Ka taea te tahuri mahi tikanga ki te awheawhe ātahu i roto i nei e waiho ia tamaiti kāri hanga pukumahi mō te hero cartoon rerekē. e kore e tika te haere mai ki runga ki te kāri mihi, engari ano hoki ki te kitea te kōrero katoa hoki ia. Hei tīmata ki te takatu whakakiia ratou pouaka makutu (pouaka mō mahi). etahi taipitopito o te āhuatanga i roto i ia wāhanga pouaka: porowhita, puawai, rau. Fakataha ki te kaiwhakaako taki nga tamariki he karakia magic, kupu e invents ia he kaiako. Anake i muri i taua tīmata te rerekē eé karakia ki te waihanga kāri mihi mo te Piglet tino mīharo. Ka whiwhi ia tamaiti i te mutunga o to ratou kāri takitahi, e taea te whakairi tuhinga oti i runga i te tu motuhake.

Ko te faufaa o te ako e hāngai ana raruraru-

Tetahi āhuatanga raruraru whakaarohia e te kaiako, faauru kōhungahunga, tauturu ki te faaara i me te hanga i te mahi hinengaro, whakawhanake auahatanga. Ko te whakapae e e te kaiako i roto i te timatanga o te Paremete, pera me te rerekē o te ako e hāngai ana raruraru-.

mutunga

I mohio ki te ao o te ako tamariki raruraru hāngai-ko te kaupapa matua. A, no te hiahia koe ki te whakaoti i te raruraru motuhake o te tamaiti aro tona aro, mahara, te whakawhanake i te reira hohoro atu te urutau ki te ora ia rā. Ki te whaiaro waihanga-o whakapae, ako kōhungahunga ki te whakaturia akomanga whāinga, titiro hoki kōwhiringa me ngā puka o te rangahau. A, no te hanga koe i tetahi āhuatanga raruraru āta pakeke akiaki tamariki ki te hoatu mua te whakapae, whakaako ratou ki te utu whakatau. e kore te mea e wehi ki te hanga i te hape i te tamaiti, no te mea he tino ia e kore tona kaupapa e kia whiua, engari ki runga ki te anga ke, herea nga kupu o te tamaiti e ki kia whakatenatena i te kaiako.

Hei whakaoti ratou ake raruraru, kahore te wehi o te hapa, - ko reira te wero hopea o te raruraru o te mātauranga kura-mua. Modern whakahou obrazovatelanya i roto i to tatou whenua e pangia huringa matua me te introduction o paerewa mātauranga e hānga ana hou i roto i te wahi tuatahi ko tika ki te whakatinanatanga i roto i te tikanga raruraru kōhungahunga o whakangungu. He nga hua pai tuatahi o tenei ripeneta, whakau i te faufaa me te taenga moata o te GEF. Tamariki ko wai e taea ana ki te whakamahere o ratou mahi, ki te huihuia ake te mahi, e kore e ite i tetahi raruraru i roto i te whakangungu i roto i ngā pūtahi mātauranga.