Alumina

puta te konumohe ōkai i roto i te taiao māori i roto i te puka o te alumina tikanga, tona tātai matū - AL2O3. I roto i tenei ahua o tioata kihai i he tae e te hunga i te pāmahana o te 2044 ° C timata ki te ngohe, me ka te taumata o 3530 ° C whewhe.

I roto i te taiao māori taonga whakarereke pūmau anake he konumohe ōkai he mātotoru o 3.99 g / cm3. Ko te tauira te tino totoka no ki o te tepu Mohs te taumata iwa o tenei. Ko te uara o te taupū hakoko ko e whai ake: hoki te hihi noa - 1.765 me 1.759 mo te faahiahia. I roto i te taiao māori alumina maha kei ngā waikura konganuku, Heoi, ka taea e te corundum kohuke whiwhi atarangi rerekē o tona kara. Hei tauira, ka u ai hapira, rupi me ētahi atu kohatu utu nui. Ka rite ki taua, kia rite te alumina me te tikanga taiwhanga-matū. Hoki tenei whakaaro, A12O3 ahua metastable me ratou decomposed thermally. Ano, ka rite ki te puna o te tikanga taiwhanga whakamahia te konumohe ōkai , konumohe waihā.

pūhui whakarereke Paerewa ko tetragonicheskuyu ripekapeka kei roto i roto i tona hanganga e pā ana ki 1-2% wai. Ka taea te whiwhi amorphous i roto i te hanganga alumina - rā alumina, (OH) 3 dewatered e gelevidny otinga o AL te ki te whiwhi i te puranga mārama rauemi maiengi.

Ko tino rewakore i roto i te wai te konumohe ōkai engari kia pai e taea rewa i roto i cryolite, wera ki te pāmahana teitei. taonga Amphoteric. Characteristically he taonga taua o te alumina synthesized rite tona hononga kōaro o te pāmahana, me te matū mahi o te hanganga. Ka rite ki horihori (i.e., whiwhi i te pāmahana o runga i 1200 ° C) me te corundum tūturu i roto i te whakaatu taiao noa tata kotahi rau ōrau oti inertness matū me te kore o te hygroscopicity.

Waikura āhuatanga konumohe matū tīmata ki te faaohipa kaha i pāmahana a tawhio noa 1000 ° C, ka haamata te reira ki te tere taunekeneke ki matū pērā i ngā pākawa waro alkali o konganuku alkali. A, no te e hanga e tenei aluminates pāhekoheko. tauhohe te pūhui pōturi ki SiO2, me te ngā momo o slags waikawa. Ka rite ki te hua o enei taunekeneke e whiwhi aluminosilicates.

rā Alumina me alumina e kua rite e calcination o waihā konumohe i tetahi o i te iti rawa 550 ° C, i te hygroscopicity tiketike rawa, pai tomo ki tauhohe matū , me te mātātoa taunekeneke ki waikawa me te kawakore rongoā.

Tikanga, ka rite ki te rauemi raw mō te whakaputa te konumohe ōkai e whakamahia bauxite, alunite me nepheline. A, no te te ihirangi o te taonga i roto i te pātai i roto i a ratou neke atu i 6-7% production ko te ara matua - e Bayer, me i te ihirangi o raro o te taonga whakamahi tikanga ore sintering ki kotakota houra ranei. tukanga Bayer Ko te toka tukatuka mongamonga i roto i mira pōro, tukinotia aru bauxite te ki rongoā kawakore i te pāmahana o te 225-250 ° C. diluted te hanganga kupu whiwhi i ki wai otinga konutai aluminate me tātari. I roto i te tukanga o te tātari i te slurry kei roto alumina, hāngai ki te paerewa nei ngā āhuatanga, e decomposed i roto i centrifuges. Taua hangarau taea ki te whiwhi 50% tukua o te taonga. I tua atu, ko te whakamahi o tenei tikanga hanga reira taea ki te pupuri i te waipiro whaea mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā mahi o muri i te wīra o te bauxite.

Ko te tikanga, whakamahia te hua te konumohe ōkai tikanga waihanga te rite te rauemi takawaenga mo te faaineineraa o te konumohe parakore. I roto i te ahumahi, kei te whakamahia te reira rite he rauemi raw mō te whakaputa rauemi whakangutungutu, uku auaha, me te tapahi taputapu. mātātoa hangarau Modern tono tioata kotahi o te konumohe ōkai i roto i te hanga haora, PCB, whakapaipai.