Sociology Western Modern

XX rautau ko te wa o te whanaketanga rawa kaha o te pūtaiao pāpori. Modern pāpori uru noa puta i roto i tenei wā. Ko reira i roto i tenei wā ki reira ko te huinga o ariā me ngā, Kua whakapumautia National Society o Sociologists me International oraraa totiare Association, whakawhanake tikanga tīpakongia o rangahau hōhonu e kua kawea atu i roto i te anga o pokapū rangahau me te whanaketanga.

ahu Modern pāpori uru i roto i Europe, engari ki te 20-doma o XX rautau. ārahi tūranga i roto i te pāpori oho ki te United States. I roto i tenei whenua, te pūtaiao o te pāpori whakawhanakehia hei pūtaiao ka whakamahia, i arotahi ki runga ki te whakaaro positivist o te tika, me te objectivity o taunakitanga pūtaiao. Ki te kairangahau pāpori American i pūtaiao ariā kua tipu i roto i te mahi.

I roto i te whakarara ki tenei au o te pāpori Western hou whakawhanakehia i roto i te tahi atu mau fenua rite te pāpori mātauranga taketake. arahina tenei ki te wehenga herenga o te pāpori i te whakamahia me te ariā.

pāpori uru Modern ko te mea hoki wehea he ako ki te maha makona nui o rerekē mara pūtaiao me ngā kura. Whakarōpū he uaua ratou no te mea he ratou rerekē, me te ariā te takotoranga, me te wa o te tupu, me te tikanga rangahau.

Ko tētahi o nga whakarōpūtanga tino arorau, me te noa, ko te rite whai. E wehea ngā oraraa totiare ki ngā rōpū mōmona rua. Ko te tuatahi ko te "macrosociological" ariā, te ngako o te mea ki te postulate te tuatahi o te hapori i roto i te pā ana ki te takitahi kotahi. Ko te arorau o tenei rōpū rangahau tā kaupapa ki te tūmataiti o te katoa, e ko, te ariā o "tuakiri" o "hapori" me te ariā o "pūnaha pāpori."

Ko te timatanga o enei ariā haere hoki ki te mau haapiiraa o Comte, Durkheim, G. Spencer. Tenei rōpū hoki ngā te tātari hanganga me te mahi (ahu e T. Parsons), pakanga ariā (ahu e L. Coser ko Dahrendorf), structuralism (Riwai-Strauss, Foucault), determinism hangarau (V . Rostow Dron R., D. Bell, J. Galbraith) Neoevolutionism (J. Stewart, L. White, J .. Murdoch), me ētahi atu.

Ko te rōpū tuarua ngā "microsociological" ariā, i roto i tona arotahi hoatu mua i roto i te wahi tuatahi - te tuakiri, te takitahi, te tangata. rapu ratou ki te whakamārama i te ture oraraa totiare whānui, tātari i te ao ā-o te tangata, rawa te pāhekoheko o te tangata ki ētahi atu iwi whai wāhi pāpori. titau te tikanga o tenei rōpū o pūtaiao kaupapa i te ngā ki te whānui, i te tangata ki te pūnaha tūmatanui.

Tīmata whakakopa enei ariā e pā ana ki te whakaaro o M. Weber, etahi māngai psychosociology (G. tarde, L. Ward, Pareto). Kei te māngai inaianei pāpori Western o tenei au e te interactionism tohu (A. Stress, C. Cooley, H. Blumer, A. Rose, J .. Mead, G. Stone), pāpori phenomenological (A. Schütz, Luckmann T.), utu ariā (J. . Homans, P. blau) ethnomethodology (Garfinkel D. A. Sikurela) me ētahi atu.

Ariā e pā ana ki te rōpū ngā huarahi, kia pai rerekē rawa tino me te wāhi o te moni, me i te tikanga o nga ari i raro i whakaarohia.

arata'i Modern Dictionary pāpori uru te rārangi faahiahia o ngā kura, me ngā e kei te whanake i te kau i roto i Europa me Amerika. Inarā whakawhanakehia me ahunga tëtehi, me te ariā. Tino rongonui sociologist inaianei hinengaro o tītohu papatipu me ngā tukanga. Hoki te kura French āhuatanga e tiketike moni ki te ako o te hinengaro o te mano. I tua atu, te whakawhanake me te aronga hangarau o te pāpori. ariā ahumahi whakawhanakehia, pou-ahumahi, me te mōhiohio hapori. Kei te whakawhanake te reira i te arata'iraa hōia-oraraa totiare.