He aha te mea te tikanga tōrangapū? Concept me ngā momo o te manapori me te autocracy

Ka rite ki te tikanga, whakatinana te kāwanatanga tetahi tikanga me ngā tikanga, ka huaina te huinga o enei tikanga ko te tikanga kāwanatanga. Otiia e kore e he ōrite ki te ti'araa o "tikanga tōrangapū" tenei wā - ariā me ngā momo o te muri, ko te whānui me te ake momo. Kei roto te reira i te ara e kore anake i roto i nei mahi i te āhua ki runga ki te hapori, engari ano hoki i ētahi atu momo o whanaunga tōrangapū

Concept me momo tikanga whakahaere tōrangapū e tika ana ki te meka e ngā nga hapori o ngā rōpū ki ngā ngākau nuitanga rerekē me ngā whāinga e kore e e whai wāhi tika i roto i te kāwanatanga, engari pā te reira i roto i ara rerekē. Ehara i te mea rōpū anake tōrangapū, engari te hanganga pakihi, te hōia, nga pāpāho, NGO, activists o te hapori ā-nei whakatinana whakaaro. Ko ratou katoa i roto i rerekē nekehanga, e maka ana te pēhanga ki runga i te mana tōrangapū me te awe i ona whakatau.

He manapori me te kore-manapori tikanga tōrangapū, a ki runga ki te kāwanatanga me te hononga ki te rānei parau tumu o te wehenga \ tuku mana. Ahakoa te meka e te kupu "manapori" tikanga iho "manapori", whenua rohe ranei, te wahi e kore anake i te iwi i roto i he fakakātoa 'te mana, engari ano hoki ki te whakatinana i te reira i roto i te mahi tika, kahore. Heoi, e kore e tenei tikanga e kore e te tīariari manapori - noa te momo o te kaha me te mana tā te nui etahi o ngā āhuatanga o te manapori tika. I roto i te mana tikanga manapori matara i te iwi, i roto i ngā puka e te kaha ki te whakaawe i te whakatau i roto i te iwi whānui kaupapa here-hanga; E riro whakaaro paerikiriki ki pūkete e te hunga e whai i te nuinga; i roto i te mara o te ture te tikanga o te ture kaha; opani anake te mea kei te āta tomokanga - whakahohea mea katoa atu e taunoa; te parau tumu o te wehenga tūturu o-ture, whakahaere me te mana ture, me te pokapū uruhi ture me ētahi atu whare e tikanga mana te tono whakahaeretia hapori ā-; i roto i te hapori i reira e he momo o pūtahi, rōpū me nekehanga, me kua whakatinanahia tika tangata rite ki nga paerewa teitei. tikanga tōrangapū manapori, te ariā me ngā momo o e kia rerekē rite ki nga rohe rerekē me whenua, i reira e āhua 40 whenua, a ka kua whakamatauria ai tona whai huatanga wā roa-i roto i te hononga matatini i waenganui i te hapori, te takitahi, me te āhua.

Ko te ritenga o te tikanga manapori kua mua kua he autocracy, e ko te mana anake. I roto i te autocracy o teie mahana te ao āta whakakapi te tikanga tōrangapū fakaaoao, me te totalitarian. Concept me ngā momo o enei aratau rerekē i roto i te tohu o te wawao a te kāwanatanga me te mana ture, e kore anake i roto i te iwi whānui, engari te ao ahurea, whaiaro, me ētahi atu o te ora. tikanga fakaaoao rite te rōpū o tangata ture (maha - hōia atu kiea ranei) he hehema ki te whakamahi whānui o ngā tikanga coercive me tikanga whakahau o te whakahaere ōhanga; hāngai te mana katoa i roto i te ringa o te hapu ngā, e hinga ki runga ki te pūtake o te fafauraa whaiaro rōpū ranei, me te ētahi atu whare kāwanatanga, pērā i te Paremete, i anake te pūāhua ōkawa. te tīariari tika tangata maha anake i runga i te pepa me te he hakari i roto i nga korero o kaitōrangapū, engari i roto i te mahi e kore e kei te whakatinana reira. Heoi, iti tāmitanga i roto i tenei aratau e te nuinga e te pato'iraa tōrangapū me te vahi tōrangapū katoa, no te mea kei te ngana te kāwanatanga ki te whakahaere anake te mea e taea e pokanoa ki tona haumaru. Tauira o te tikanga taua e taea te mahi rite ture o Pinochet i Chile me te tonotono Islamic o Khomeini i Iran.

Ko tōna āhuatanga ko te tikanga tōrangapū totalitarian. Concept me ngā momo o te totalitarianism tāutuhia maha pūtaiao pai-mohiotia tōrangapū me philosopho, pērā i Karlom Popperom me Hanoi Arendt. Ki nga huru katoa o te tikanga fakaaoao, e rere ke totalitarianism matua hehema ki te whakangaro tahi atu rōpū tōrangapū me nekehanga, te whakakotahitanga i te rōpū tikanga ana ki te āhua (partocracy), te matenga o e reira ko tetahi me te rōpū kotahi o tangata. Ko te kupu i reira ko te fifi o te rangatira, he maha tukua ki āhuatanga tipua. He he he Māoritanga totalitarian e tahuri te tangata ki te kōwae pūnaha, me arata'i ki whakakotahitanga me te politicization katoa o ngā momo katoa o te ora tūmatanui. I roto i te meka, i roto i te hapori totalitarian, te tangata e Irirangi atu i tōrangapū, kia ngaro. Tenei ahua o "mahue" me "tika" tikanga whakahaere tōrangapū vai i roto i te USSR, China me te "whenua-pāpori", Nasí Germany, Fascist Italy ko Spain, Cambodia "Khmer Rouge" me ētahi atu whenua.