Ko te pū o te paru: ngā momo me ngā āhuatanga o te mahi

Ko te kupu "paru" he pakiaka Latin. Whakamaoritia tikanga reira "rewena". whakamahia te reo Ingarihi i te wā "paru", i takea mai i te wā Kariki te tikanga i te mea ano. huaina whākōkī pūmua motuhake. E hanga e ratou i roto i nga pūtau me te whai i te kaha ki te whakatere i te akoranga o ngā tukanga matüora. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, mahi ratou rite kaiwhakakökï koiora. A feruri atu e tohu he pū o whākōkī. также будут описаны в статье. Ka hoki kia whakaahuatia momo o pū i roto i te tuhinga.

āhuatanga General

meinga te putanga o te mahi catalytic o etahi whākōkī e te aroaro o te maha o pūhui o te natura pūmua-kore. Ko ratou i huaina cofactors. E wehea ratou ki e rua ngā rōpū: katote whakarewa, me te maha o ngā matū pararopi me te ngā hoa (ngā pūhui matū waro).

tikanga mahi

Na roto ratou natura matū, whākōkī e he rōpū o pūmua. Heoi, pērā i te muri, i te āhuatanga i roto i te pātai i roto i te pae hohe. Ko te huinga ahurei o ngā rōpū mahi o ngā toenga waikawa amino. E tino hāngai ana ratou i roto i te wāhi e tika ana ki te hanganga tuatoru quaternary ranei o te pūmua whākōkī. I roto i te pae kaha o nga pae tuku whakakōkī me te tïpako. Last - Ko te aha te mea e tika ana ki te pū o whākōkī. Ko te tïpako Ko te taonga e mahi i runga i te pūmua. Mua i whakaaro ai e kawea ratou taunekeneke i roto i runga i te "raka, me te kī". I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, me tata ōrite te pae hohe te tïpako. Tēnei wā te nuinga e te whakapae rerekē. Kei te whakaaro te reira e te tīmatanga i reira he kahore ōrite tangohia, engari puta te reira i roto i te akoranga o te ngā o ngā matū. Ko te tuarua - te whakakōkī - he pae pānga te pū o te mahi. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, tautuhi reira te āhua o te tauhohenga whakatere.

hanganga

Kua wehea whākōkī katoa ki tetahi- me rua-wae. E te mua te hanganga rite ki te hanganga o te pūmua ohie. Kei roto ratou i te waikawa amino anake. rōpū Tuarua - proteid - ngā pūmua me te pūmua-kore wahi. Last mahi coenzyme tuatahi - apoenzyme. whakatau whakamutunga te pū tïpako o te pūmua whākōkī. E ko, mahi reira te mahi o te wāhanga tïpako i roto i te pae hohe. Coenzyme, aua, tavini rite te rohe catalytic. Ko tā te reira i te pū o te mahi. Ka rite ki taea mahi rite ngā hoa huaora, konganuku, me ētahi atu iti pūhui taimaha rāpoi.

catalysis

Takanga o tetahi tauhohenga matū e tika ana ki te tutukinga o ngā rāpoi ngota pāhekoheko matū. whakaritea o ratou kaupapa i roto i te pūnaha e te aroaro o pea pūngao free. Me tauhohe matū ki ka mau rāpoi te āhua whakawhiti. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, kia whai ratou nui te mana mo te haere i te arai pūngao. tohu te reira i te nui iti o te pūngao ki te whakawhiwhi katoa rāpoi ngota tauhohenga. kaiwhakakökï katoa, ki whākōkī tae, taea whakaiti i te arai pūngao. whai wāhi ana tēnei ki te ahunga whakamua tere o te tauhohenga.

I roto i te mea puta pū o whākōkī?

kitea ana tēnei kaha i roto i te whakaterenga o anake te tauhohenga motuhake. Ka taea e whākōkī pā tetahi me te tïpako taua. Heoi, ia o ratou e whakatere anake te tauhohenga motuhake. Ka taea te kite i te pū tauhohenga o te pūmua whākōkī i roto i te matatini pyruvate dehydrogenase. Oku i ai e pūmua, e pa ana te pvc. Ko te matua e: dehydrogenase pyruvate, decarboxylase pyruvate, acetyl. Ko te tauhohenga ano e tuku ki te decarboxylation rite oxidative o STC. Ko te hua mahi rite ona kaha waikawa ahetiki.

whakarōpū

Ko nga momo e whai ake nei o whākōkī motuhake:

1. Stereochemistry. Kei te whakahuatia te reira i roto i te kaha o te taonga ki te pā tetahi o nga stereoisomers taea o te tïpako. Hei tauira, ko reira ahei o mahi i runga i fumaratgidrotaza fumarate. Heoi, e kore e pā reira nga cis-poinanaha - waikawa maleic.
2. Pūmau. этого типа выражается в способности вещества влиять только на конкретный субстрат. Ua faaite te pū o te pūmua whākōkī o tenei momo i roto i te kaha o te taonga ki te pā anake te tïpako motuhake. Hoki tauira, tauhohe sucrase anake ki sucrose, arginase - arginine, me te pera i runga i.
3. Pātahi. в этом случае выражена в способности вещества влиять на группу субстратов, имеющих связь одинакового типа. Ua faaite te pū o te pūmua whākōkī i roto i tenei take i roto i te kaha o te taonga ki te pā i te rōpū o substrates he here o te momo kotahi. Hei tauira, tauhohe Arepa-amylase ki glycogen me te māngaro. E ratou he momo glycoside hononga. Trypsin, pepsin, pā chymotrypsin maha pūmua rōpū peptide.

pāmahana

в определенных условиях. He motuhake i roto i etahi tikanga whākōkī. Hoki te nuinga o ratou rite te pai tango te pāmahana o + 35 ... + 45 nekehanga. A, no te whakatakoto i te taonga i roto i ngā o reiti o raro, ka iti tona mahi. Kei te tuku i tēnei huru ki rite te inactivation reversible. A, no te ara ake tona pāmahana kaha faaho'ihia mai. Kei te mea te reira e ka whakanohoia i raro i ngā āhuatanga, kei hea t ko te uara i runga ake puta hoki inactivation. Heoi, i roto i tenei take, ka waiho reira tina heke, pera faaho'ihia mai e tukupu ana te pāmahana. Ko e tika ana ki te denaturation o te rāpoi ngota tenei.

Pānga o te pH

Ko te kawatanga o te tiaki o te rāpoi ngota, tei. Nä, ko te pH pānga te mahi me te pū o te pae kaha o te pūmua whākōkī. taupū kawatanga arotau mō ia taonga he. Heoi, i roto i te nuinga o te wā ko reira 4-7. Hei tauira, mō te Arepa-amylase o huware kawatanga tino arotau he 6.8. Na, i reira e he maha o okotahi. Ko te pepsin kawatanga tino arotau, hei tauira, 1.5-2.0, chymotrypsin me trypsin - 8-9.

kukū

Ko reira, te teitei te te atu whākōkī tere o te tauhohenga. Ka taea te unu te mutunga rite ki te faatura ki te kukū tïpako. Heoi, takahi takoto hoki ia taonga he saturating te ihirangi ūnga. A, no te e nohoia e te tïpako ngā reira nga pae hohe katoa. будет максимальной, вне зависимости от последующего добавления мишеней. Ko te kupu te pū o te whākōkī ko te mōrahi, ahakoa o te tua muri o te ngā taumata.

Te matū-tauwehe

Ka taea te wehea ratou ki inhibitors me activators. E wehewehea rua o enei kāwai ki nonspecific me motuhake. Hoki te momo muri ngā tai avtivatoram zhelchnokislye (mo lipase podzheluzhochnoy repe), katote māota (alpha-amylase), te waikawa pūhaumāota (mō te pepsin). activators Nonspecific he katote konupora e pā kinases me phosphatases, me inhibitors motuhake - peptides kāpeka proenzymes. He momo hohekore o matū te whakamutunga. E whakahohe ratou i wāhinga o peptides kāpeka. hāngai ratou ki etahi momo o ia proenzyme takitahi. Hei tauira, i roto i te puka tautauā o trypsin whakaputaina i roto i te puka o te trypsinogen. katia Ko tōna pokapū kaha te hexapeptide kāpeka, i te mea he inhibitor motuhake. Ko te tukanga whakahohenga ko tona wāhinga. Ko te pae kaha o te trypsin rite ki te hua o tenei, riro te reira tuwhera. inhibitors Nonspecific He tai o konganuku taimaha. Hei tauira, parahi pūkawa. meinga ratou denaturation o pūhui.

inhibition

E nehenehe te reira whakataetae. Ua faaite tēnei tītohunga e i roto i te takanga o te faitatau hanganga i waenganui i te inhibitor me te tïpako. whai wāhi ratou i roto i te pakanga mo te hono ki te pae hohe. Ki te he ki runga ake i hanga te tïpako te kopleksferment inhibitor te ihirangi inhibitor. A, no te tāpiri i te huringa ūnga taonga ōwehenga. Ka rite ki te hua, ka kia whakakapia te inhibitor. Hei tauira, ki te succinate succinate mahi dehydrogenase rite te tïpako. He oxaloacetate malonate ranei inhibitors. E whakaaro hua whakataetae ki te whakaawe i te tauhohenga. E mea pinepine, e rite ki substrates ratou. Hei tauira, mō te kūhuka hua 6-Phosphate he kūhuka. Ka hei i te tïpako te taua kūhuka-6 Phosphate. e kore te inhibition Noncompetitive tikanga ki faitatau hanganga i waenganui i te matū. Inhibitor me tïpako wā kotahi e taea te here ki te whākōkī. Ko te kupu i reira ko te hanganga o te pūhui hou. Ko ratou kompleksferment-tïpako inhibitor. I roto i te pāhekoheko o te pokapū kaha āraia te. Ko tenei e tika ana ki te here ki te inhibitor pae catalytic o te pae kaha. He tauira ko te oxidase cytochrome. Hoki tenei whākōkī tavini rite te hāora tïpako. inhibitors Cytochrome oxidase he tai o te waikawa hydrocyanic.

ture allosteric

I roto i ētahi wā, ki te kahore te pokapū kaha, e whakatau i te pū o te pūmua whākōkī, i reira he tetahi hononga. mahi te wāhanga hei allosteric reira. Ki te te taua ingoa e pā ana te ki reira e faarahi te activator o te whākōkī te tōtika. Ki te i roto i te whakautu ki te inhibitor allosteric tomo te pokapū, te taonga kaha, aua, heke. Hei tauira, adenylate cyclase me guanylate cyclase pā ki te paru ki te momo ture allosteric.