Arowhenua-wāhanga ripeka

rangahau arowhenua ngā te ako o te hanganga geologic me nekeneke o ngā rohe nui (wāhi o ngā pae mahi). Studies tahuri stratigraphy (raupapa o takanga o ngā arowhenua), Genesis (take) me te tau o ngā toka hanga ake takotoranga te whenua i roto i te wahi heihei akoranga.

E faaite te hua o enei akoranga i roto i te puka o mahere arowhenua. whakaaturanga mahere arowhenua i roto i te puka whakairoiro e hāngai ana i runga i te matawhenua ki te āwhatatia hanganga arowhenua o te wahi kirinuku ki te waka rererangi whakapae i te wāhi ngā ako. I tĭtĭ tono i roto i tonu ki ngā mōhiohio arowhenua tūturu. He tino nui i roto i ngā rohe i reira ngā wāhanga Geological toka i runga i te tihi o te paparanga kati oneone-huawhenua kaha o hou ngā tangata-i hanga.

Ko kauwhata wāhanga Arowhenua poutū wāhanga kirinuku i te hohonu poka tuwhera ranei keri. Ko he me kīnaki i te mahere arowhenua. turama wāhanga Arowhenua matotoru lithological wāhanga ako, paparanga mana, ratou tūranga, hanganga, tinana papawhenua, toka tau, tūnga o te taumata o te manawa whenua.

Ki te whiwhi i tētahi hanganga papawhenua inforomatsii ruri i roto i te pā ana ki te awhina o te uara tauine o te wāhi whakapae (mahere āwhata) me te poutū (tapahia atu) kia ōrite. Ko mo te hoahoa o kaupapa hanganga (rori, pāpuni, whare) nui haere te tauine poutū o te wāhanga arowhenua kei roto i tekau me rau o ngā wā.

wāhanga arowhenua hanga taha te rārangi whakairo kawea i runga i te mahere puta noa i te patu (puta noa) te hanganga arowhenua. unu te aho te roto i te ngā, i tohu pai i runga i te mahere. Mō ētahi atu pārongo e pā ana ki te hanganga arowhenua o kirinuku o te whenua i roto i te rohe ako o te raina wāhanga arowhenua kia he raina pakaru.

Hoki te hanga o te tufaa e haamata i te pepa kauwhata hanga kōtaha matawhenua, e mau ana teiteiraa motuhake. Te whakatau i te teitei toharite o te rohe, a kawea atu te whakapae (kore) raina i tenei teitei. I te kōtaha tono wāhi poka, a tuku iho i roto i enei ngā perpendiculars ki te rārangi kore. Ia hāngai ki te aho ki runga ki e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaatu i te wāhanga arowhenua o te puna, mā te whakamahi i ngā tuhinga ipurangi. I runga i te aho whakairo tono hoki ki ngā runga i nei i reira he tuhinga i roto i te puka o ngā whakaahuatanga o outcrops tūturu o te kirinuku. Na ka hanga wāhanga arowhenua, tūhono i te rārangi rohe (raro, me te tihi) o ngā paparanga toka, ōrite lithology me te tau. Hei hanga i te wāhanga arowhenua he tika, āta ako i te mahere, tautuhi i te āhuatanga hanganga, te momo o te toka moenga, hape.

Engineering me pūtaiao-wāhanga ripeka o te rerekē mōhiohio atu papawhenua e whakaahua ana i te ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te pūkaha o te oneone me akiakinga o nga tukanga. wāhi te aromātai Engineering mo te hanganga o ngā whare, Me hanganga mōhiohio arowhenua e kore anake ki te kohatu āhuatanga o ratou kaha, ihirangi wai, engari ano hoki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te huringa o te taiao arowhenua - tango wahi i runga i te rohe o te tukanga me te ari: haupapa oneone hapahapai, Karst, horo, tohatoha o motuhake oneone, manawa whenua tikanga, salinity oneone, corrosiveness o te oneone, me te manawa whenua ki te raima, maitai, me te ake. Ka rite ki te hua o te rangahau engineering arowhenua ki te whakatau i te takahanga ki te kia tangohia mo te pūmautanga me te mauroa whakaurunga hanga.