Rocks. Classification.

Mātauranga, arā, o ngā kohuke, me te puta i roto ranei i runga i te mata o te whenua, i raro i etahi tikanga arowhenua e huaina "toka". hanga e ratou he 4.6 piriona. matahiti i ma'iri, a whai hanganga rerekē me ngā tae.

I roto i ona toka takenga e wehea ki ngā momo e toru: parataiao, ngiha me te kāhuarau.

i hanga te rōpū tuatahi o ngā kohuke kei i runga i te mata o te kirinuku. Ahu o tenei momo e hanga e e te haaputuputuraa o parataiao i runga i te whenua, me te i roto i te tinana i te wai, me ratou parataiao muri i raro i te mana o te mahara. Tei runga i te tikanga o te mātauranga, kua wehea ratou ki:

• toka Chemical. Tenei rōpū o ngā kohuke i hanga i wairewa waiwai o matūkai, me te kararehe, me te whakato toenga putu i runga i te raro o ngā moana, ngā roto, me moana. Ko ētahi o te konutai me enei konurehu tote, whakatakotoria i runga i te raro o te tinana wai, takawai, kei roto i te puna wera, me te kora matatoka (hinu, hau, waro), phosphates me pākeho (toka anga, taioma me ētahi atu.). He maha kohuke o tenei rōpū i te kakano paparanga.

• Papa i. I hanga i rite ki te hua o te huarere, neke wahi ranei toka hau wai kōpaka ranei me ratou whakaeminga muri. Ka rite ki te hua, he ake tukinotia a pakaru ake ratou. E ai ki tona rahi i reira e iti, reo, me te toka makaka. Ēnei kohuke ngā pōhatu, kirikiri, onepu, kirikiri, te uku.

hua toka ngiha i te whātioatanga o te taonga whakarewa i roto i te hohonu o te whenua - tokarewa. hanga ake ratou neke atu i te 65% o te katoa rōrahi o te kirinuku o te whenua, a ko nga kohuke tino noa.

Tokarewa Ko te hanganga magnesium, he kohu wai me haurehu kukū, ka rewa ki runga ki te 1,200 nekehanga. mai te reira i ki te mata anake i raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga arowhenua, e mātao, crystallizes me hanga he kamaka, pērā i te ōnewa, ofa'i, olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles.

E wehea kohuke Magmatic ki urutomo me te effusive.

• toka urutomo e whakanohoia i roto i te whenua i te hohonu pāpaku. E ratou whātioatanga pai, me te, i runga i te āhuahanga, me te āhua, wehewehea ki batholiths rānei (i nui rahi), dykes (whai te hanganga tubular me e hanga e mā te whakakī kapiti), matua (kikokore, me te roa i roto i te roa).
• whakatika i te ngā effusive ka putanga te tokarewa waho me te neraskristallizovannogo tito o te karaihe puia. I roto i ngā toka o tenei momo e nunui karā mania, me te rangitoto sinters nui.

Tei runga i te hohonu i nei puta te tokarewa, i reira e toru ngā rōpū o te toka ngiha:

• Tokanuku - kua hanga e i roto i te wahi o raro o te kirinuku o te whenua (wāhanga tino ranei). Hoki tenei momo o ngā kohuke ngā ofa'i.
• Puia - i hanga i runga i te mata. Ēnei ngā kohuke pērā i kōkawa.
• Hypabyssal - puta ka tokarewa whakakī kapiti i roto i te kamaka ngā. Ka taea te pēnei i tēnei rōpū pegmatites.

toka kāhuarau. Tenei kohuke momo tohu kohuke ngiha parataiao ranei e, he i roto i te whenua, mamae huringa nui. Huringa i roto i te hua o te pāmahana rerekētanga, pēhanga matū ranei taunekeneke meinga te ahua o te kakano hou, me te hanganga o ngā toka i waho e pā tona hanganga matū. Ka rite ki te hua, tetahi kahore te rewanga kohuke, me te whakakorenga tahuri ki tetahi atu mārō, me te ātete. Hei tauira, Kei te tahuri pākeho ki mapere me te ofa'i i roto i te kāhuarau kanapa, te hōanga me te kiripaka.

Ko te kupu, nga toka o kāhuarau, parataiao me te take mai ngiha ngatahi hanga ake te matotoru o te kirinuku. Enei kohuke Ko te puna matua o te kohuke e whakamahia ana e te tangata mō te production rauemi.