Anti-rererangi patu whaiaro-tīhokatia "Shilka". ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"

I roto i te tekau tau tuatahi e rua i muri i kua meinga tona rererangi whakataki he ope whawhai paoro. O te akoranga, ka anga tonu ki te puta rawa ki te kaupare i tona patunga haamou. Ahakoa i taea te tono i te ohie o manureva i roto i te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao ope ātete rōpū kino nui. I aru tenei e Spain, Abyssinia, a he tokomaha atu pakanga, te mua ki te whakamahi o te rererangi, poma, maha tūranga rākau ranei kainga nonga, kahore tūtaki resistance. Heoi, ka anga te pato'iraa nui o rererangi i roto i 1939, ka i reira ko he Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. ka Artillery patu rangi korero he momo motuhake. Nuinga o ngā wā, te raruraru matua o nga hoia whenua i hoariri whakaeke rererangi whakahaere i altitudes iti, meinga poma tika. kore kua tēnei āhuatanga faufaa ke ki runga whitu nga tekau tau o mua.

Ko te papamuri hītori o te "Shilka" ariā

Kua i te mutunga o nga uofulu o te rau tau XX, maha ringa kaihanga, faaineine i te hiahia tipu, mahi ki te whakawhanake i tētahi pūnaha puhipuhi nui-tere, te tikanga te nuinga hoki tohe nei i ngā taumata rangi. Ka rite ki te hua, i reira nga tauira o pū iti-ërä i runga i tripods pourewa ki rite rawa ki te tikanga tītaka porohita. Tauira ngā te Tiamana pū mīhini anti-rererangi flak (poto mo Flugzeugabwehrkanone), tangohia e te Wehrmacht i 1934. ka anga ratou i roto i rima tau o te whawhai kua toutou ake a hua tau nui. Nuinga o rongonui i "Oerlikon", whakawhanakehia i roto i Switzerland (1927), ka tono e nga rōpū e whawhai katoa ki te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. whakakitea Pūnaha e takoha miramira nui i roto i pāpaka o rererangi whakaeke rererangi ki te mahi i te teitei iti. Enei pu tere-ërä te nuinga 20 mm ki rerekē te roa o te kariri (tei te rōrahi runga i te taikaha tere tīmata i roto i te ringaringa, me te whānui konei mōrahi). tutuki te whakanui ake i te tere o te tono i ngā pūnaha multicore. Ko te kupu puta te ariā whānui i runga i nei atu hanga he patu whaiaro-tīhokatia Soviet anti-rererangi "Shilka".

Aha anti-rererangi pū whaiaro-tīhokatia tere-pupuhi

I roto i te 50s reira ko he mātauranga waka, tae atu anti-rererangi. rererangi rautaki me te torotoro rererangi, i mua ua māia rawa i roto i te rangi o tētahi atu, kitea rawatia ake ngaro ratou inaccessibility. O te akoranga, te whanaketanga o te rererangi, ka haere i runga i ngā huarahi ki te whakapiki ake i te auau tuanui, engari te nuinga o puta i runga i te tūranga hoariri ekea e ka haumaru. Heoi, i ratou i te ara pono ki te karo i te patu o missiles rangi korero, a ko reira ki whakatata te ūnga i teitei tino iti. I te mutunga o te pū 60 anti-rererangi o te Soviet Union kihai i ineine ki whakaata i te whiu o nga rererangi hoariri e rere i trajectory flat i tere tiketike. Ko tino iti te wa whakautu, e kore noa he tangata ki te "mekemeke" tere reflexes taea tinana whai wā ki te whakatuwhera ahi, a tae noa kia atu ki te patu i te ūnga, te whitinga mai i te rangi i roto i te hēkona. aunoatanga e hiahiatia ana me ngā pūnaha rapunga pono. Kua I te 1957 kua tīmataria he tikanga huna o Kaunihera o Minita o te timatanga o te mahi ki te whakatū i te pū tere-ahi Maunga. haere mai ake matou ki te ingoa o: patu anti-rererangi whaiaro-tīhokatia "Shilka". I ngāwari reira: ki te hoahoa me te hanga i te reira.

He aha kia ZSU?

ki ngā whakaritenga hangarau hou ngā he momo o tūemi, i roto i nei i reira i tokomaha ahurei mo to tatou gunsmiths. Tenei ko etahi o ratou:

- flak "Shilka" kia whai i te hihiani hanga-i roto i ki te kitea rererangi kaikiri.

- ërä - 23 mm. Ia, o te akoranga, iti, engari te mahi o te whawhai o mua whakakitea e te auau tiketike o te tiaki wāwāhi whaturama kia take kino pai, rawaka ki haamou i te āheinga whawhai o mīhini o te hoariri.

- Ka rite ki kia wahi o te pūnaha e he pūrere aunoa, mahia te hātepe te aroturuki ūnga i roto i pupuhi, ārahi ki ngā tikanga, tae atu ki te patunga i. Ki te whakaaro tatou te turanga huānga te rau XX waenganui, e kore te mahi ngāwari.

- Tāuta "Shilka" kia whaiaro-tīhokatia, te kaha ki te neke i runga i nga whenua taratara pai atu i tetahi tank.

pū

Ko te pū o te Soviet Union mai te wā o Stalin te pai i roto i te ao, kia i katoa i āwangawanga te "kahiwi", kua puta ake ngā pātai. noho reira anake ki te whiriwhiri i te kē paetahi o te huarahi e mea (i mohio te pai rite te rīpene). pū aunoa 23-mm ërä "Amur" ARQ-23 ki te "mahi" faahiahia i roto i te 3400 RDS. / Min. hiahiatia ana e ahau i roto i te tautauā wai takoha (ārai makariri, me te wai), engari ko te reira utu reira. Tetahi ūnga i roto i te pūtoro o 200 m ki te 2.5 km i iti tupono o ora, patu he pūtahitanga tirohanga. i whakanoho iho kahiwi pūnaha stabilization, mana o ratou tūranga i te tikanga o puku waipēhi. He wha nga pu.

Hea ki te hoatu i te pūihi hihiani?

Sol-23 "Shilka" te hanganga i hanga e te kaupapa puāwaitanga ki te aro wehenga, toko aft, me te pourewa tuku muri turanga. Kua puta ake ētahi raruraru ki te whakanohonga o te pūihi hihiani. I waenganui te waiho i te kahiwi ko reira noatia, i taea e ngā wāhanga whakarewa hei te mata mo nga tohu tukuna, ka riro. tūranga lateral whakawehi e te rangirua pūkaha o te "hoeha" e te wiri e puta i roto i pupuhi. Ano, i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te pakanga kaha hiko (whakaahua pokanoa) kua whakaratohia ki te kōwhiringa o te mana ā-roto i te whai titiro hōia pū, me te whakamahana hoahoa taea te ārai i te tirohanga. Ka rite ki te hua, he tiango te pūihi, a whakanohoia ana e ia ki runga ki te wehenga mana i te kei.

Engine me te tahuhu

Huriaro tono i te PT-76 marama tank. Kei roto te reira i ono wira ara i runga i ia taha. Dampers torsion, anuhe ki bushings rapa, hiri mo te tiaki i te kākahu ka werowero.

Engine takoha (V6R) kaha o 280 rita. he., me te pana pūnaha tautauā. E rima-tere tuku, whakarato i te whānuitanga o te 30 km / h (i roto i te whenua uaua) ki te 50 km / h (ara). Ina tauihi ana whānui, kahore te tamaa - ki runga ki te 450 km / h ina tino tonu tāke.

whakaratohia tāutatanga o te mahara 23 te ki ake pūnaha rangi filtration tënei o te pūnaha labyrinthine o pātaki me te atu wehewehe ana whakapau hau parahanga.

taimaha Tapeke o te mīhini - 21 tana, tae atu ki ngā pourewa - neke atu i te 8 taranata.

pūrere

taputapu hiko, rite rawa nei te ki anti-rererangi patu whaiaro-tīhokatia "Shilka", hanumi ki te pūnaha mana ahi kotahi RPK-2M. Ko te pūnaha hanganga radiopribornogo ngā hihiani (1RL33M2, huihui i runga i te turanga huānga ngongo), i runga i-papa rorohiko (i te wa o te hanganga o tona huaina te whakaaro tauira rorohiko), pūnaha o te tiaki ki pokanoa, te viewfinder whatu tārua.

E whakarato ana te pūnaha te kaha ki te kitea ngā taumata (i te tawhiti o te 20 km), tona aroturuki aunoa (ki runga, ki te 15 km), te huringa i roto i te auau kawe o te ngātere i te hui o te jamming (tītaka), te tātai o ngā tawhā ahi ki te whakatutuki i anga tūponotanga hit tiketike. Ka taea e te pūnaha mahi i roto i te rima aratau, tae atu ako ma'uloto nga taunga o te ahanoa ki te whakatau ona ngā taumata whenua mowhiti-tiaro me puhipuhi i.

whakamana kōrero waho e irirangi P-123M, roto - tukunga kōrero TPU-4.

tau matatau me te wheako o

Whaiaro-tīhokatia anti-rererangi patu "Shilka" ohi he kē Bole te hawhe rau ki muri. Ahakoa te taua tau huihuinga mō patu anti-rererangi, i tonu āhua tatini wha reira i roto i te täoro o ona ope patu. Te ope Iseraela, i te 1973 ite te pānga kino o ratou rererangi e wha kahiwi tenei rihi, tonu reira ki te whakamahi i te ono tauira riro i Ihipa, me hokona he atu i muri mai. I tua atu ki te lepupilika hanga ake i mua i te Soviet Union, he rite ki te whakamahi i roto i te take o te whawhai, he tokomaha Soviet pū anti-rererangi whenua i roto i Africa, Asia, me te ao Arab. Etahi o ratou i te wheako o te whawhai mahi o ngā pūnaha rangi korero, i te wā ki te mahi i etahi whawhai i roto i te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti, ko Vietnam (me hoariri kahore ngoikore). He etahi i roto i te ope o nga whenua o mua o te Warsaw Pact, a i roto i te nui rahinga. Na e he angamaheni: zu-23 ki hea, ka karanga kahore tetahi antiques atu kārangaranga e faaite patu tawhitotia ranei.

Ao hou, me te opuaraa

Ae, e kore te JNA pai tawhito "Shilka". haere pū Anti-rererangi i roto i te maha o whakamohoatanga, whāinga ki te whakapai ake i te mahinga, me te whakapiki ake i tika. Kua ako ia ki te wehewehe o ratou rererangi i tangata ke, ka timata ahau ki te neke tere, riro te hikohiko poraka hou i runga i te turanga huānga hou. Ko te whakamutunga "whakapai ake" i roto i te nineties, i te wa ano, te āhua, he ruha ao hou pea o tenei pūnaha. I roto i te wahi o te "Shilka" haere mai "Tunguska" me ētahi atu pūrere tāuriuri, e whai e taea nui atu nui. e kore te mea Modern topatopa whawhai taea patua te zu-23 tawhiti e wātea ana hoki ki a ia. He aha te mea ki te kia meatia, te ahunga whakamua ...