Ao mua. Ko te mutunga o mua rangimarie Tiriti

Whanaungatanga i waenga i Russia me te Ottoman Empire i tino matatini, a maha whakatau ketanga tōrangapū i runga i te kauhanga riri puta noa i te hītori roa. Tikanga, hoatu te wāhi i te taha o te mutunga o kirimana i roto i te pakanga hōia. Kei te maha whakaritea ēnei tuhinga i te whakarau o iwi katoa e noho i runga i nga rohe o nga hau emepera e rua. I roto ia ratou he ko mua te rongo tiriti.

Whakamārama (tau 18)

Tuatahi te rongo mua i waenganui i Russia me te Ottoman Empire hainatia i te 13 o Hune 1713. E ai ki tenei tuhinga, te Ottoman Empire iho Azov me tata ki te rohe pourewa o awa Aurelie. I roto i tenei take, te mutunga o te tiriti whakaaro i roto i te 1713, i te angitu takawaenga o te kāwanatanga Russian, rite whakahaerehia te pakanga mo aoniu i runga i nga pareparenga o te tonga-rawhiti Paratiki. E whitu nga tau i muri mai i roto i Constantinople i waenganui i nga whenua e rua i hainatia "Tamau te rangimarie," me te rau i muri, puta ngā e ki diplomats takoha te whakatau ano i roto i te pa o mua.

tīmata te reira i katoa ki te meka i roto i Oketopa 1827 te kāwanatanga o te Ottoman Empire (Port) katia te Bosphorus mo te Russian Navy. Ko tenei i te aroaro ki Akkerman-lahi ao. whakatikaia mana Turkish ratou mahi mā te mea e Nicholas ahau tautoko nga Kariki whawhai mo te mana motuhake. mohio Sultan Mahmud II reira whakapataritari he pakanga hōia, reira, ka mea te tūwatawata o te pa ki runga ki te Tanupi, a oho te whakapaipai ki mua (Edirne). tomo te pa ki te hītori o te taata nei no te rau tau maha i mua i te mau ohipa whakaahuatia. I muri i te katoa, i runga i nga huarahi ki reira i roto i te rau tau AD 4, i reira ko he Battle o mua, i te mutunga ki te hinga o te Patireia o Roma, ka tohua te timatanga o te hekenga papatipu ki he rite te hauauru.

War Russian-Turkish (1828-1829)

Nicholas kore i taea e ahau te āwhina engari te whakautu ki te kaikiri mahi tauranga. April 14, 1828 whakaaturia mana te Russian Empire whawhai i runga i Turkey. I roto i nga ra kotahi tekau o te 6 Infantry Corps Fedora Geysmara haere mai ki a Moldova, a ki runga ki Mei 27 timata whiti te Tanupi, i nei tae te kingi ia.

I muri mai i whakapaea hōia Russian me Varna. I roto i te whakarara ki enei whawhai i whawhai i roto i Anapa me Āhia Turkey. I roto i ngā, Hune 23, horo 1828 ko Kars, a i muri i te roa iti e pā ana ki te pakarutanga o te whiu, hinga tukua kahore ātete Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, Atshur, Ardahan, Poti ko Bajazet ranei.

Tata tutaki hōia Russian katoa he mai mahana, kia rite ki te nuinga o te taupori o te rohe te whawhai i haere te wahi i runga i, ko Kariki, Bulgarians, Serbs, Ararata, Georgians, Romanians me māngai o iwi atu, e whakaae ana Karaitiana. No te mau tenetere, i whai whakaaro mai ratou rite tangata tuarua-piha, a I tumanako hoki te whakaoranga i te ioka Ottoman.

Tatau i runga i te tautoko o te Kariki rohe me taupori Bulgarian, August 7, 1829, te ope Russian, arā, o katoa o te iwi 25 000 haere mai ki a mua. e kore rangatira o te hoia i tatari i te nekeneke taua, a tukua te pa, a ka muri hinga he i hoki Erzurum. i muri tonu i taua, i roto i te tono ki te Tatau tae Dibich māngai o te Sultan ki te tono ki te faaoti i te whakaaetanga e mohiotia ana ko te Tiriti o mua.

whawhai Completion

Ahakoa te meka i haere mai te tono ki te faaoti ao Adrananopolsky i Turkey, tamata Porta i nga ara ki te whakakikī i te whiriwhiringa, tumanako ki te whakapati Britain ko Austria ki te tautoko ia. i tenei kaupapa kua etahi angitu, rite Pasha Mustafa, i pai ki te whai wāhi i roto i te whawhai, faaoti ia ki te hanga e wātea ana ki tona kupu Turkish e wha tekau mano te ope Albanian. oti ia Sofia, a faaoti ki te neke i runga i. Heoi i pupuri Dibich tona matenga, ka mea te karere Turkish e ki te kore te mutu te rangimarie mua tae noa ki Mahuru 1 Ka timata te reira whakaeke nui-tauine i runga i Constantinople. i wehi Sultan e te whakapaea taea o te whakapaipai, a ka tono tangata ki te tari matua o nga hoia Russian o te Tiamana Ambassador ki te tono ki te timata teuteu mo te hainatanga o te kawenata i runga i mutunga o pakanga.

Ko te mutunga o mua

Mahuru 2, 1829 i roto i te tono ki te whai pai Dibich beshdefterdar (taonga kaitiaki) Mehmet Sadik Efendi, a Tumuaki Military Kaiwhakawa o te Ottoman Empire Abdul Kadir Bey. I whakahau ano ratou e te Porte ki te haina i te tiriti o mua. I te mo o Nicholas ahau, i whaimana te tuhinga i nga waitohu o te Kaute A. F. Orlova, me te kaiwhakahaere rangitahi o nga rangatiratanga F. P. Palena.

Tiriti o mua (1829): te ihirangi

Kei te tuhinga o 16 tuhinga. E ai ki a ratou:

1. Turkey hoki ona rohe Pākehā katoa noho i roto i te whawhai o 1828-1829, te kahore hoki te mangai o te Tanupi, tahi ki te motu. Iho rite Kars, Akhaltsikhe ko Akhalkalaki.

riro 2. Russian Empire te rohe katoa o te moana Black rawhiti, i te mangai o te awa Kuban ki te wapu St. Nicholas. Ki a ia ake pa ururua Anapa, Potiwhera, Sudzhuk feces, me te te pa o Akhalkalaki ko Akhaltsikhe.

mohio 3. Ottoman Empire ōkawa te whakawhitinga ki Russian Imereti, Kartli-Kakheti rangatiratanga, Guria ko Samegrelo, ka whakawhitia ki a Iran Erivan me Nakhichevan khanates.

i korero 4. Turkey kua kore ki te pokanoa ki te wahi i roto i te Bosporus me te Dardanelles Russian me kaipuke kaihokohoko ke.

5. Kaupapa o te kāwanatanga Russian i hoatu te tika ki te hokohoko i runga i te rohe katoa o te Ottoman Empire, te kupu i kahore mana ki mana rohe.

kua 6. Turkey kua tau tetahi me te hawhe ki te utu i te herenga (1.5 miriona ducats Tatimana).

7. I tua atu, i roto i te kirimana whakaritenga mō te āhukahuka me te mana motuhake o Serbia, me te Mōtāwhiana me Wallachian mau.

Kua whakarerea e hoki 8. Turkey tetahi ngana ki te whiwhi i te e Fakataha o te amuiraa te ao i runga i te tika o te kāwanatanga Kariki.

uara

ko te ao mua o te faufaa nui mo te whanaketanga o te hokohoko Moana Black. I tua atu, kua oti ia te rironga ki te Russian Empire o nga whenua o te Caucasus. Tona tūranga tino taonga i roto i te faaho'iraa mai o te rangatiratanga o Kariki, ahakoa e kore e whakaritea ōkawa tenei whakaritenga i roto i te tikanga o te tiriti o mua i te 1829 tau.