Ariā Pūmua i roto i te pūtau, te raupapa o ngā tukanga biosynthetic. Synthesis o pūmua i runga i ribosomes.

Life Ko te tukanga o te oraraa o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua. Ko e founga te whakahuatia te reira i roto i tokomaha o nga pūtaiao e whakapono e te pūmua ko te pūtake o te ora katoa. He tika tino enei tauākī, no te mea i roto i enei matū i roto i te pūtau te maha nui o ngā mahi taketake. atu katoa pūhui matū waro tākaro he wāhi o substrates pūngao, me te pūngao e hiahiatia ana ano hoki te kōtuitui o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua.

āheinga o te tinana ki te synthesize pūmua

E kore e taea e ki te kawe i roto i te kōtuitui o pūmua i roto i te pūtau kaiao ngā katoa. Huaketo me etahi huakita kore e taea te hanga pūmua, me reira e pirinoa hoatu te taonga e hiahiatia ana i te pūtau ope. Ētahi atu kaiao, tae atu ki ngā pūtau prokaryotic, taea ki te synthesize pūmua e. tangata pūtau, kararehe, tipu, harore, tata huakita katoa katoa me protists ora e tika ana ki te kaha o te biosynthesis pūmua. hiahiatia ana tēnei te mo te whakatinanatanga o te hanganga-hanga, paruru, receptor, waka, me te tahi atu mahi.

-Stage biosynthesis pūmua āhuatanga

whakawaeheretia te hanganga o te pūmua kei roto i te waikawa karihi (DNA RNA ranei) rite te codon. Ko te kōrero tuku takaro e te wa katoa titau te pūtau he taonga pūmua hou tenei. Timata te biosynthesis Ko te tuku o ngā mōhiohio ki te karihi o te hiahia ki te synthesize te pūmua hou ki ngā āhuatanga kua whakaturia.

I roto i te whakautu ki tenei wahi dispiralized o te waikawa karihi, ā ai te tona hanganga. tārite wahi tenei te karere RNA me whakawhiti ki te ribosome. Ko ratou kawenga mo te hanganga o te mekameka polypeptide i runga i te pūtake o te kopu - RNA karere. Poto he kaupae biosynthetic katoa e whai ake:

• tuhi (DNA rearua wahi taahiraa ki te hanganga pūmua whakawaeheretia);
• tukatuka (taahiraa o hanga tuipūmua karere);
• (Ariā pūmua i roto i te pūtau i runga i te pūtake o te tuipūmua karere) translation;
• whakarerekētanga posttranslational ( "te matuatanga" o te polypeptide, hanganga o tona hanganga e toru-ahu).

Te tuhi o te waikawa karihi

Whole te kōtuitanga pūmua pūtau i roto i te ribosome whakamana, me te mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā rāpoi ngota i roto i roto i te waikawa karihi (tuipūmua DNA ranei). Ko te reira i roto i te ira: ia ira - he pūmua motuhake. Ira whakaurua ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te raupapa waikawa amino o te pūmua pukapuka. I roto i te take o te tango o DNA waehere ira whakahaere te rite e whai ake nei:

• haamata te reira i te whakaoranga o te wahi waikawa karihi o te histone puta despiralization;
• DNA polymerase huaruatia te wahi DNA i roto i i rongoa i te ira o te pūmua te;
• te wahi rererua ko te RNA kawainga karere, tukatuka nei e whākōkī ki te tango fakahū kore-Tapa (i runga i te pūtake o taua te te ariā o te mRNA).

synthesized RNA proinformatsionnoy I te mRNA. Ko reira kua he kopu, ka ariā pūmua i roto i te pūtau puta i runga i ribosomes (i roto i te pūnaha kiriuwhi taratara).

kōtuitanga pūmua Ribosomal

E rua pito, kua hanga nei e i roto i rite 3`- 5` Messenger RNA. Pānui me te kōtuitanga pūmua i runga i ribosomes ki 5`kontsa tīmata me haere tonu tae noa ki te intron - wahi e kore nei e whakawaehere tetahi o nga ngā waikawa amino. Ko reira e whai ake:

• karere RNA "piko" i runga i te ribosome, uru te waikawa amino tuatahi;
• nekehanga ribosome haere mRNA ki te codon kotahi;
• E whakarato ana i te tuipūmua whakawhiti e hiahiatia ana (mRNA codon raraunga whakawaeheretia) o te waikawa alpha-amino;
• Kei te piri waikawa amino ki te waikawa amino tīmata ki te hanga i te dipeptide;
• i ka neke ano mRNA i tetahi codon, he paepae, me te te piri te waikawa alpha-amino ki te mekameka peptide tipu.

Ka rite ki te ribosome tae te intron (Tapa-kore whakauru), karere RNA noa neke i runga i. Na, ka rite ki te haereraa i mua o te karere RNA, tae ano ribosome exon - wāhanga, te raupapa nucleotide o e hāngai ki te waikawa ngā amino.

Mai i tenei wāhi tīmata ano pūmua hono waetahi ki te mekameka. haere tonu te tukanga tae noa te takanga o tetahi intron tae noa ki te codon mutu ranei. Aukatihia ai Last te kōtuitanga polypeptide mekameka, i runga nei te hanganga pūmua tuatahi te whakaaro oti, me te tīmata atamira postsynthetic (posttranslational) whakarereke o te rāpoi ngota.

whakarerekētanga pou-paneke

I muri i translation, puta kōtuitanga pūmua i roto i kurawai maheni kiriuwhi. Kei roto i te whakamutunga he nui iti o ribosomes. I roto i te tahi mau pūtau kia ratou e ngaro i roto i nga Res. Me taua wāhi ki te hanga i te tuarua tuatahi, tuatoru ranei kua Na, ki te tīpakohia, te hanganga quaternary.

puta Whole te kōtuitanga pūmua pūtau i roto i te nui nui o te whakapaunga o te pūngao o ATP. No te mea e hiahiatia ana ētahi atu tukanga koiora katoa ki te tautoko i te pūmua biosynthesis. I roto i te tua, etahi o te pūngao e hiahiatia ana ki te kawe pūmua i roto i te pūtau i te waka hohe.

E rave rahi o te pūmua e whakawhitia i tetahi pūtau ki tetahi wāhi mo te whakarerekē. I roto i ngā, puta pou-paneke ariā pūmua i roto i te matatini Golgi, te wahi hono polypeptide rohe warowaihā lipid ranei hanganga motuhake.