Artists Wanderers me ratou auaha. toi Russian haereere rau tau 19

mahue ki muri i te ai'a na toi haereere, he pono nui, me te matamaha. ka anga ratou ki te whakaatu i roto i tona peita o te iwi noa, ratou ara o te ora, peu, mau mana'o, me te āhua aronganui. I runga i nga papa reo o toi e taea hoki te kite i Wanderers scenes i hītori Russian, whakatinana te kaha mana'o o te wairua o te iwi noa. I roto i nga masterpieces o tenei wā e kitea ano whakaahua o iwi rongonui me te rangatira.

History o te rōpū

Artists Wanderers ko nga realists Russian tuatahi. faaau ratou i to ratou auaha tino kēnana mātauranga, i matara atu i mooni o tenei ra, me te mau titauraa o te ora o nāianei. i whakaritea Association o ngā whakaaturanga haere i roto i St Petersburg. hītori Interesting o tenei hapori. I roto i te 1863, ma wha o nga piahi pai o te Academy o Toi ui i te kaiārahi o te taumira ki te whiriwhiri noa o te kaupapa o te tauira whakataetae. Ka kua whakakahore, kihai i te taitamariki ākonga feaa ki te haere mai i roto i te whare mātauranga ki te whakarite i feohi free. I roto i te tau 1870, i runga i te kaupapa o V. Perov ratou, tahi ki te toi Moscow i hanga Association o whakaaturanga haere. I whakatuwheratia kē te amuitahiraa tuatahi i roto i te tau 1871. I roto i ana mahi, i rapu te taitamariki realists ki te whakaatu kei te te mamae tonu te ora pono me te whakahaere tikanga i tukinotia, i te mea i raro i te mana o te tangata taonga me kaipupuri whenua. Whakaaturanga e tū toi haereere i he angitu nui, a i roto i te rāngai tino kanorau o te taupori.

Neke atu i te te ra o te rōpū i tū e wha-waru ngā whakaaturanga i roto i Moscow, St Petersburg, Riga, Yaroslavl, Tula, Saratov, Chisinau, Kazan, Kursk, Voronezh, Poltava, Kharkov, Odessa, Kiev me era atu pa. "Whakaaturanga Folk" anga ano ki te noho i roto i pa ririki, kainga me kainga. mātauranga o te iwi noa - ko tetahi o nga whakaaro whaia e toi Wanderers. Rārangi o ngā kaiuru o te hapori ngā te pai kaiwhakairo me kaipeita o te iwa me tenetere rua tekau. I roto ia ratou nemaloizvestny GG Myasoedov, Petrov, I. Kramskoy, K. Sawicki, G. Savrasov, A. Kuindzhi, Shishkin, Repin, Vasnetsov, Levitan, S. Ivanov, . Arkhipov me ētahi atu tuakiri tairanga.

ngā mahi auaha

Whiringa 29, 1871 i roto i te St Petersburg whakatuwheratia te whakaaturanga haere tuatahi. I te te rongo te aroaro ratou mahi ma ono nga kaipeita. i faaite e wha tekau-whitu peita ki te minenga. I muri mai, i roto i Moscow, tae te maha o peita faaite 82. I oho muri mai te taua whakaaturanga ki Kiev me Kharkov. Taua peita i toi Russian o nga Wanderers, rite te "Mei Po" (I. Kramskoy), "Hunters i Okioki", "Portrait o te I. kaihokohoko S. Kamynina," "toutai", "Portrait o A. N. Ostrovskogo" (VG . Perov), "Ko e Rooks Kua tae" (A. Savrasov), "kau" (I. Pryanishnikova) tomo te hītori o peita Russian. I roto i ana mahi e kore okioki realists anake i runga i te wheako o te peita Russian, engari ano hoki nga whakatutukitanga o puāwaitanga me te nāianei ao toi. He maha ngā māngai o te kamupene i roto i te tau rerekē i roto i te ahunga o te Academy o Toi tae mai nga whenua ke, i tangohia te wheako o ratou hoa, ako te toi o wā rerekē me ngā momo. Ratou kitenga me faaiteraa o ratou whakatinana i roto i te mahi. nuinga whakaritea Creativity Peredvizhnik te kaupapa o te ao toi o te iwa me tenetere rua tekau.

Alexei Savrasov

kaipeita Landscape. Ko tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o te Association o te Wanderers. I te tau 1844 i te toi taitama ki te hinaaro o tona papa tomo te kura o Painting, i pai te mutunga i 1850. Ko te whenua tuatahi Alekseya Kondratevicha - "Tirohia o te Kremlin i köura rangi", "Tirohia a Moscow i Sparrow Hills" - î ki nga whakaaro o te romanticism. Savrasov kaha whai wāhi i roto i ngā whakaaturanga, me haapii i te kura o te Sculpture me Painting. I roto i te 1862 haere ia ki waho, wahi tae ia he whakaaturanga toi London, Paris, Munich, Dresden, Berlin, Copenhagen me etahi. Ngā ngā te aro o te kaitoi Tiamana me kaipeita Ingarihi o tona hiahia mo te mana motuhake me te pono. I roto i tenei wā, i tuhituhi Alexei Kondratyevich tetahi o ana peita rongonui - "Island Elk", i muri mai hoki i whakawhiwhia e ia te taonga i te whakataetae i roto i Moscow. Mai 1870 haere ia me tana wahine ki a Russia (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Novgorod). Ana ongo o te ataahua o te natura whaea i roto i te pikitia whakawhiti reira. Heoi i reira ko te "maringi Täingäwai" me "nga Rooks Kua tae". I te aroaro enei peita i te whakaaturanga tuatahi, i whakaritea e Russian toi Wanderers. I roto i te mahi tuhituhi i roto i te o 870, i reira te mea he tipu manukanuka me te pouri: "Sunset runga te repo", "Moonlight", "Toma o te Täingäwai", "rai". Ana tau whakamutunga i te kaitoi pau i roto i te mate hohonu.

Ivan Shishkin

Ingoa Peredvizhnik mohiotia tawhiti tua atu nga rohe o te motherland. He tauira a Tūrongo, o tenei - Shishkin. Ki te tona ingoa e pā ana te ki te hītori o te whenua kāinga, kua waiho ana fakatupú Talafungani motu, me te riro rongonui nui. whanau kaitoi Future i roto i te pa iti i roto i Elabuga kaihokohoko utuafare i roto i te 1832. I te 1848 ka tomo ia ki te whare hākinakina Kazan, engari kihai i oti i te reira. Hoki kāinga, ko te wa roa i roto i te rapu o tona ara heke mai. I te rua tekau nga tau tomo taitamariki Shishkin te kura o Painting, te wahi rumakina tona matenga i roto i o ratou akoranga, me te mahi. Ko te artist Ko tonu kumea. Tona faauruhia e te natura, ngahere me ngā whenua tuawhenua, kaiahuwhenua ora. Tuatahi, haere mai ki raro ki to tatou wa, te mahi o Shishkin - ko "Pine i runga i te kamaka." pania te peita hinu i roto i 1855. I roto i te 1856, ka tomo Ivan te Academy of Fine Arts (St Petersburg). E î ana mahi wawe ki romance. I te 1858 i tuhituhi e ia tetahi o ana mahi peita tino rongonui, "Tirohia o te motu o Valaam." Hoki tenei mahi, i roto i te tau 1860 i whakawhiwhia ia ki te mētara koura i te whakaaturanga mātauranga. I muri i tu'ite (1860) tonoa ki waho Shishkin. I roto i tenei wā hanga e ia he nemaloizvestny faahiahia "Tirohia e tata ana Düsseldorf", aroaro i te whakaaturanga i roto i Paris. Ki runga ki hoki mai te kāinga whakatata Ivan te I.Kramskoy - kaiwhakarewa o te "Artel o toi." I roto i te tau e whai ake nei i tuhituhi e ia he maha o whenua ( "I roto i te takiwa o Moscow", "Te Wood-tua", "Ship Grove", "Stream Forest"). Ana mahi ia e i runga i ngā whakaaturanga e hāngai Russian toi Wanderers tonu. Ki tenei ra, e tino paingia ana nga masterpieces nui o whenua.

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy

toi Russian hanga haereere rau tau 19 he taiwhanga whakaahua nui. I roto i ana mahi, tuhituhi ratou te iwi pai i roto i te whenua, whika rangatira o te pūtaiao me te ahurea. He maha masterpieces i tuhituhia e te tikanga o te kaiwhakaruruhau toi rongonui, me te kaikohi P. Tretyakov. He pono portraitist ngingila ko Kramskoy. puta kaha te taranata o tenei toi ngingila me te kaimātai hinengaro o roto te portrait Lva Tolstogo. peitatia tenei faahiahia i roto i 1873 i roto i Yasnaya Polyana. I te aronga o te kaitoi hopoi mai te ngakau mārama me te whakaaro nui o te kaituhituhi. hāngai ana te ahua o te kaituhi Russian rongonui kei i runga i te (auraa roto, o waho o te kuwaretanga) e hāngai ana te rerekē-. Ko tētahi atu mahi nui ko te pikitia o Archaeology "Inconsolable Grief" kawe i te hohonu o te mau mana'o whaea. I te 1860-1870 tau ko ia mātātoa wāhi i roto i te whakahaere o ngā whakaaturanga, i kawea i roto i toi Wanderers. Work Kramskogo "Karaiti Koraha" i te aroaro i te rua o nga puaretanga. Ko te ai'a o te kaitoi, te nuinga ake whakaahua o iwi mau, "Polesovschik", "unknown", "Farmer ki te paraire," etc ...

Ilya Efimovich Repin

Mahalo te takahanga tino nui i roto i te aamu o te peita Russian ko te peita "waka papa kaito i". I roto i tona mahi, whakakitea te artist mahino te whakapakoko o te iwi noa. I mua Repin ki whakatutuki i tenei kōrero tangata hohonu fakamamahi, me te whakamiharo. I roto i tenei faahiahia, whakakitea te artist tona hinganga nga tikanga katoa o te toi ki te tino o. Ko tētahi atu Repin hanga nui - "Religious haerenga i roto i Kursk Porowini". Tuhituhia i roto i te 1883, ngā te peita otinga whenua momona, me te hanga toi rerekē. haerenga Religious whakaaturia ana i roto i te pikitia e tohu ana te ahua ngā o te kainga, me ona rōpū katoa me ngā akomanga. Ki te nui te aroha, me te aroha whakahaere te kaituhi ki te utu whakapakoko o peasants noa. He wahi motuhake i roto i te mahi o te kaipeita e te kaupapa orurehau. hanga te reira i te peita "I raro i kawe", "ohorere", "Tuhinga o Vete." I roto i te 1880, e pā ana Ilya Yefimovich ki te momo portrait, whakaata i ngā tau o nāianei rongonui pērā i D. Mendeleyev, A. Delvig, Glinka me etahi atu.

Vasiliy Maksimovich Maksimov

Ana pūkenga tuatahi toi kua riro ia i roto i te awheawhe icon-peita. oti Vasili Maksimovich te St Petersburg Academy o Fine Arts i te piha haapiiraa o te peita hītori. ana mahi katoa i whakatapua e te kaitoi he whakapakoko taketake o te ao kaiahuwhenua. e kore e ana peita pā te koinga o ngā kaupapa me ngā tae kanapa. Heoi, kei te anake ngā tenei āhuatanga i te aro o te hunga i aroha toi. Ana mahi tino rongonui e: "Ko nga mea katoa i roto i te mua", "tane Kātaki", "Wāhanga Family". I tua atu i te maha atu toi haereere rau tau 19, Vasily Maksimovich i tona mahi feinga ki whakaata i te mau mana'o auaha me ngā uara o tona wa.

Vasiliy Grigorevich Perov

Fanauhia i roto i te Roho i 1834. I roto i te taiohitanga, haere te artist taitamariki ki te kura o te Painting. nui tona mahi tuatahi ko "tu taenga runga i te tūhuratanga." Masterpieces tuhituhia i roto i ona tau teina, ko te angitu nui i runga i nga whakaaturanga huarahi. Maoro, no te te peita "Malanga i roto i te Village" i whakawhiwhia Vasily he mētara koura. whakaata ana peita wawe te takotoranga pāpori-tino o te kaituhi. He tauira a Tūrongo, o tenei - "haerenga tuawhenua i runga i Aranga", "Te haapiiraa i roto i te kainga", me ētahi atu I roto i nga tau i muri mai puta Perov rite te peita portrait-whenua .. no ki a ia nga whakaahua o Dostoevsky ko Alexander Ostrovsky. Reira ko Vasily tetahi o nga tīmata o ngā mahi kaha o te Partnership.

Aperama Efimovich Arkhipov

hoatu ana tēnei toi te te wahi nui i roto i te peita momo o te wā. I roto i ona masterpieces pono e whakaaturia ana Arkhipov mōrahi te ora o te iwi tuawhenua ohie. Kua mohio whānuitia tona peita "Te Hoki", "I roto i te kanohi", puta noa i te ao. I roto i etahi o ana mahi heheu ia nga raruraru pāpori ( "washerwomen", "kaimahi ra" me pera i runga i. D.), whakaata he mahi kaiahuwhenua taimaha.