Asia-Pacific: te whanaketanga mākete, mahi tahi

Pacific Ko te mākete nui rawa i roto i te ao, a he matara tona pūmanawa i ruha. Ano, rite ki matapae o te tohunga tuatahi i roto i te heke mai ka anake whakawhānui i te wahi o tenei rohe i roto i te mākete ao. Kia matau tatou i roto i te taipitopito atu te mea ko te rohe Ahia-Kiwa. Wehe noho i runga i te opuaraa, me te matapae o tona whanaketanga.

Ko te rohe o te rohe

Tuatahi o te katoa, kitea i roto i te mea ko te rohe Ahia-Kiwa i roto i ngā rohe. I ngā wā, kei te whakaaro whenua e kua whakaurua i roto i tenei rohe ki te hei i te āhua, kei runga i nga takutai o te Moana Patifita, me te Mongolia me Laos.

Ka taea te wehea katoa te rohe Ahia-Kiwa ki te 4 takiwa, e hāngai ana ki ngā wāhanga o te ao, te wahi i te Amerika no ki reira: te Te Tai Tokerau American, South American, Āhia me Oceanic. I tua atu, kua wehea te rohe o Āhia ki rua iti-rohe: reira Te Tai Tokerau Asia ko Tonga Asia.

I roto i te rohe American Te Tai Tokerau ngā te whenua e whai ake nei: Canada, USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Pica, Panama.

E te rohe Amerika ki te Tonga o te kāwanatanga he: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru ko Chile.

Ko te subregion Te Tai Tokerau Āhia ngā whenua: China (Haina), Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Republic o Korea, te Republic o Haina (Taiwan), Russia. Ko te Asia-Pacific rohe, ko reira tenei rōpū noho te rohe nui, a ka whai i te tapeke o te taupori rawa.

I roto i te subdistrict o Tonga-Te Tai Rāwhiti Asia ngā te whenua e whai ake nei: Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Laos, Brunei, Thailand. He maha ngā tohunga i konei ngā te Myanmar ko Nepal. I tua atu, i roto i ētahi wā, te kaimahi India hoki rite te whenua mema i roto i te rohe Ahia-Kiwa, engari whakaaro e te take o te whakaurunga o India i te rohe e ngā tohunga he tonu āhua onge, me te whenua e kore whai wāhi ki te Pacific Ocean, e kore matou e whakaaro i te reira i roto i rite te kaupapa o te APR.

Ko te rohe Oceanic ngā he maha o āhua Oceania, he rawa iti te nuinga o nei. I roto i nga whenua nui, e rua i roto i ngā rohe me te ohaoha, kia tohaina tenei rohe ki Ahitereiria, Aotearoa me Papua - New Guinea. āhua iti: Fiji, Moutere Horomona, Palau, Nauru, Federation o Micronesia, Vanuatu, nga Moutere o Māhara, Tuvalu, Kiribati, Kuki Airani, Tonga, Hāmoa. ngā ano he maha rohe ririki, pērā i Guam, Tokelau, Polynesia Farani, me ētahi atu.

History o te rohe

Hei mahino atu mea ïa o ta te mea te rohe Kiwa, he mea e tika ana ki te ruku hōhonu ia ki tona hītori.

Ka taea te whakaaro te hanganga kāwanatanga matamua i roto i te rohe China. Ia deservedly whakaaro tetahi o nga cradles o te ao i runga i te whenua. Ko te ngā āhua tuatahi i reira a muri ake nei i roto i te BC III mano tau. e. hanga tenei te tu o mua o Haina (Asia Pacific), pērā i Ihipa, me Mehopotamia - te u'i tino tawhito o te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti.

I muri mai, i reira nga āhua i te Tonga Asia (te nui o ratou - te kingitanga Khmer Empire), i roto i Tapone ko Korea. ka China te rohe i roto i nei ä kīnakinaki ngā iloa he, me te pokapū tikanga, me te ōhanga o te rohe. Ahakoa i muri i te hanganga o te kingitanga Eurasian nui o nga Mongols i te rau tau XIII, piri nga whenua o te fenua i Russia ki te Pacific Ocean (i roto i te meka, te wahi uru o ATR hou), i tona whakapaipai matua o Genghis Khan Khanbalik (Beijing inaianei), ka ako te iho Hainamana me te ahurea.

te tuatahi ka haere Russia ki te rohe Kiwa i roto i te rau tau XVII. Mai reira e te tühonohono te ngākau nuitanga o te kāwanatanga ki te rohe. Kua i hainatia Nerchinsk Tiriti i roto i 1689 - i te tuhinga mōhiohio tuatahi i waenganui i Russia ko Haina, tohua nei e te puta ke o ngā rohe o te mana o enei whenua i roto i te rohe. Neke atu i te nga senituli e whai ake nei, whakawhānui te Russian Empire tona vahi o mana i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, e taea ai e koe te karanga i te Federation Russian wahi herekore hou o te rohe Ahia-Kiwa.

mātauranga Public i runga i te rohe ki te hauauru o te fenua Amerika, e, haapapu, ko te wahi ki te rawhiti o te rohe Ahia-Kiwa, kua puta nui i muri atu i roto i Ahia. no Peruvian mātauranga "basileia" o Cusco, i nei i roto i te rau tau XV reira ko te rongonui Imperiya Inkov, ki 1197 BC. kingitanga Aztec i roto i te Mexico puta noa i muri mai.

Ko ngā wāhanga rerekē o te rohe nui, e mohiotia nei rite te APR mo te wā, i whakahuatia i runga ake matou, i marara, a kihai i nga tangata o te rohe ki te hauauru o te Pacific Ocean mohio ki tetahi mea e pā ana ki te tangata o te rohe ki te rawhiti, a hurihia. I roto i te kōwae kotahi o te rohe Ahia-Kiwa āta timata ki te tahuri i muri anake i te āhuatanga matawhenua senituli XV-XVII nui. Ko te ka kitea Columbus Amerika, a haere Magellan huri noa te ao. O te akoranga, ko arataki kaua puhoi te tuitui o te ōhanga i te tīmatanga o nga wāhanga, engari ahakoa kua i roto i te rau tau XVI, ngā i te Philippines i roto i te Viceroyalty Spanish o New Spain me tona pokapū i roto i Mexico.

I roto i te 1846, i muri i te whakawhitinga o te United Basileia Oregon, hei whenua Kiwa kua tetahi o nga āhua tere tipu o taua wa - te United States. I muri i te mharahara o California, United States whanui te muru i roto ki te Pacific Ocean, a hohoro ka te mana ārahi i roto i te rohe i roto i rua tau, te nuinga e pa ana tona ōhanga me hokohoko. Ko reira i muri i te roha o te United States ki te tai hauāuru i roto i te rau tau XIX, ka anga te rohe Kiwa ki te whiwhi ngā āhuatanga o te kotahitanga ōhanga.

Ko atu iti iho ranei tata ki te āhua tōrangapū, me te ōhanga hou o te Asia-Kiwa riro i muri anake i te arai taiwhenua o te rau tau XIX, pakanga e rua ao me te tukanga o te purenga ihomatua. I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, te Empire o Hapani, e hāngai ana i runga i te haumi ki Nasí Germany, tamata e te ope hōia ki te whakarite i te tūranga tino i roto i te rohe, engari i patua e te ope i whakauru.

hurihuri

I muri te Pakanga II o te Ao, kia rite ki te era atu o te ao, kei te mau wehea whenua Asia-Kiwa ki puni tōrangapū e rua: ko te hapori tauira o te whanaketanga me te capitalist. I roto i te puni tuatahi, ko nga kau taki te Soviet Union ko China (ahakoa hoki reira i pakanga wä i waenganui i te whenua e rua), i roto i te tuarua, te nuinga e te US. ko Canada, Ahitereiria, Japan, me te US I tua atu, i te whenua tino ōhanga whakawhanakehia o te rohe Ahia-Kiwa o te puni capitalist. I muri i te i ka reira mārama e, ahakoa te mau paruparu e rave rahi, kua whakapumautia te capitalist (uru) tauira o te whanaketanga ōhanga iho rite te angitu.

Ahakoa te patua i muri i whiriwhiri i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua, Japan he tauira Western o te whanaketanga, ki te awhina o te United States, i roto i te whanganga poto ngā o te wā, kua riro tetahi o nga whenua tino ōhanga whakawhanakehia, e kore anake te rohe, engari ano hoki i te ao i te nui. Kua tēnei āhuatanga kua karangatia e "te semeio ōhanga Japanese." I roto i te mutunga o 80-doma o te ōhanga o tenei whenua tae noa whakawehi ki te haere mai i roto i runga i runga i roto i te ao i roto i ngā o te GDP, engari kihai i tenei pa e tika ana ki te raruraru ōhanga.

I tua atu, mai i te 60-doma o rau XX, whakakitea rawa kaha mahi ōhanga "wha Āhia Tigers." Na karanga tatou i te whenua e whai ake nei: te Republic o Korea (South Korea), Singapore, Taiwan ko Hong Kong. Ko ara ki runga ake i te taumata o te tahi mau whenua Pākehā Western ratou taumata o te whanaketanga. whakakitea hoki auau tipu pai nga Philippines me Thailand. Otiia i roto i nga whenua-pāpori, i roto i ngā, tupu Vietnam, Mongolia, Laos, Cambodia me ōhanga Te Tai Tokerau Korea o nui kino.

I muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union i 1991, kua puta ke te āhuatanga tōrangapū i roto i te rohe tino. Mai i te ōhanga-pāpori parakore i pai ki te ara whenua pērā i Haina, e, Heoi, ko tika te whakamutunga whakaaetia i roto i te heke mai ki te riro tetahi o nga kau taki o te ōhanga ao. Taua huringa, Heoi, e kore e pera angitu, me i reira ko etahi atu whenua hapori e ngā i roto i te rohe Ahia-Kiwa. Kua Kaupapahere kua peia ki te whakamārama i roto i Vietnam. I reira, ahakoa tonu te kingitanga o Māoritanga Marxist, pera i roto i China, i whakaurua nga āhuatanga o te ōhanga mākete. Cambodia i roto i te whānui pai ki te whakaako hapori.

I muri i te parariraa o te USSR, kua ngaro Russia tona tūranga ārahi i roto i te rohe, e rua i roto i te ōhanga, me te i roto i ngā tōrangapū, engari mai i te timatanga o 2000, e whakaatu ana i te tupu ōhanga nui, te nuinga rahua ki hoki te ngaro.

Nui pānga i runga i te ōhanga o te rohe meinga e te raruraru pūtea Āhia o 1997-1998 tau. "E wha Āhia Tigers" Kua tukua te nuinga. Ko te raruraru tino totitoti ratou tupu. I mahi hoki te patu kaha ki te ōhanga Japanese. Kei te riro te reira i tenei raruraru kua tetahi o nga take o te taunoa i Russia mai 1998. E rave rahi o te mau fifi o te rohe Ahia-Kiwa o nāianei i takenga i roto i enei ngā raruraru.

ōhanga o Haina, kua tukua ano, engari, i roto i rite ki nga whenua whakahuatia i runga ake, e kore e pera nui e hohoro whakaaetia ki te tīmata anō tupu ake tere. I roto i te 2014, kua oho ōhanga o Haina ki te wahi tuatahi i roto i te ao, i mua o US GDP me hoko mana örite. Leader i runga i tenei tohu ko tonu China i te hakari, ahakoa pera tawhiti tonu iho ki US GDP iti. Haunga, inaianei hua i Haina te nuinga i te mākete Ahia-Kiwa, te nuinga no te mea o ratou utu āhua iti.

Ko te ohaoha ao raruraru o 2008 te tau ano hoki i te pā tōraro i runga i te ōhanga o te rohe, engari e kore e rite ki tuukino rite te raruraru Āhia o 1997. Ko te kupu, ko te rohe Ahia-Kiwa ko e tawhiti tetahi o nga rohe ōhanga kaha tino i roto i te ao, me te rohe ki te rawhiti o Amerika me Western Europe.

te feia faatere o te whenua

Next ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te mea kei te nuinga tēnei wā ahua o te whenua i roto i tenei rohe, a ki te mea rauemi he reira mahi ratou.

Ko te take i te rohe Ahia-Kiwa ko te rangatira i roto i te ōhanga o te ao, kitea e te meka i tangohia e tika toru whenua o te rohe (te US, China ko Japan) wahi tuatahi i roto i te ao i te GDP iti. GDP (PPP) kau taki, China me te United States. wahi Tuatoru haere ki India, e te tahi mau tohunga pā hoki ki te rohe Ahia-Kiwa. Ko te tekau runga mo tenei tohu ngā whenua pērā i Japan, Russia ko Indonesia.

Ko hoki te whenua te tini i roto i te ao kotahi o whenua Asia-Kiwa - China. Ki te rā, kua nui te maha o te taupori o te whenua te tohu o 1.3 piriona iwi. Ko te tekau runga hoki ngā taua whenua i roto i te rohe, te US, Indonesia. Russia ko Japan.

I roto i te rohe Ahia-Kiwa kua wha ngā wāhi nui o te whenua te ao: Russia, Canada, China me te United States. I tua atu, i te whenua kotahi tekau runga ngā Ahitereiria (wahi 6).

rohe Asia-Kiwa hei wāhanga o te mākete ao

Ki te whakaaro tatou he fakakātoa 'o te öhanga o whenua katoa i roto i te rohe Ahia-Kiwa, ka taea e tatou te mea ki te māia e te rohe ko te mākete nui rawa o te ao, e, ka whakaaro koutou nga tohu katoa o öhanga o whenua pērā i te US, China ko Russia, te mākete Pākehā i tenei wā e kore e taea e whakataetae. Mua o Europe, te rohe Ahia-Kiwa i hanga he pakaruhanga. Tohunga matapae he nui takamuri ōhanga whānui atu ara o te EU me ētahi atu whenua Pākehā i te ōhanga Ahia-Kiwa i roto i te heke mai.

Na i runga i te mākete o te hiahiatanga tiketike te rohe o Ahia-Kiwa mo ngā hua, te hanga o e whakamahia te hangarau hiko hou.

Mahi tahi me te Integration

tahi he halá Asia-Kiwa rohe whai wāhi tika nui i roto i te ruruku o whanaunga i waenganui i nga whenua. Integration i waenganui i nga whenua rerekē o te rohe whakahuatia i roto i te hanga o ngā rōpū ōhanga me te tōrangapū.

Ko te tino nuinga o enei ko: te tōrangapū, me te ōhanga ASEAN Organization (Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore, Myanmar), Shanghai mahi tahi Organization (Russia, China, India, Pakistan, me te maha Central Āhia Kihi), Asia mahi tahi -Pacific (APEC) (21 whenua i roto i te rohe, tae atu ki te US, China ko Russia).

I tua atu, i reira e he maha o ngā rōpū iti e, i roto i te rerekē ki te ingoa i runga ake, e kore e hipokina e ngā wāhanga katoa o ngā mahi ohaoha o nga āhua, ka faaaravihi i roto i ngā rāngai motuhake. Hei tauira, mätanga te Āhia Development Bank i mahi rāngai pūtea.

Ko te pokapū ōhanga nui rawa

Te pa nui rawa, pokapū tōrangapū me te ōhanga i roto i te rohe ngā Los Angeles, San Francisco (USA), Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing (Haina), Taipei (Taiwan), Tokyo (Japan), Seoul (South Korea), Jakarta (Indonesia ), Sydney, Melbourne (Ahitereiria), Singapore.

I te tahi taime, i roto i nga pokapū, a huaina te pa o Moscow. Ahakoa te Kei atu i te Pacific Ocean reira, engari kākā ko te whakapaipai me metropolis nui fakasiokālafi te mana nui rawa Kiwa - Russia.

Ko te tūranga o Russia i te rohe Ahia-Kiwa

He uaua ki te pe si◊aki faufaa a Russia ki te mahi tahi Asia-Kiwa. Ko tetahi o nga kau taki o te whakahaere SCO, ano nei ngā China, i te mea tetahi o nga kaupapa tuitui nui i roto i te rohe. Ano, te Federation Russian - te whenua nui i roto i te rahi i te hunga e kua whakaurua i roto i te rohe Ahia-Kiwa. Russia hoki i te kororia i roto i te nui rawa tekau öhanga ao i roto i ngā o te GDP, e whakanui ana atu tona faufaa i roto i te rohe.

Ko te tumanako pai haamau te kāwanatanga Russian i runga i te roha o te mahi ki ētahi atu rohe o te rangatira - China.

matapae whanaketanga

whanaketanga atu o te rohe Ahia-Kiwa, tei runga i maha ngā āhuatanga ohaoha, me te tōrangapū. I te wa ano, ko reira taea kua ki te mea nei riro e kua te rohe tetahi o nga kau taki i roto i te ōhanga o te ao. A i roto i te heke mai tūmanakohia reira ki te neke pokapū ōhanga o te ao o Western Europe me te US o Te Tai Rāwhiti , ko te rohe o te rohe Ahia-Kiwa.

Na roto i te 2030, tūmanakohia te GDP katoa e ki ake i e 70% i roto i te rohe.

Ko te uara o te rohe

Asia-Pacific ko tetahi o rohe ōhanga matua e toru o te ao, me ki te American Te Tai Rāwhiti me Western Pākehā. Ko, i rite ki enei rohe, mahi pakihi āta te e memenge, Asia-Kiwa, i roto i te rerekē, ko te wahi tino whaihua te wahi neke i te tukanga matua ōhanga.

E ai ki te nuinga o ngā tohunga, ko reira te rohe Ahia-Kiwa ko te pokapū, i roto i te heke mai tata e tino nuinga te ōhanga ao.